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Contents

Apple Political Audit

Corporate Communications & Public Stance

Statements

Apple CEO Tim Cook sent an internal employee message on October 9, 2023, stating that he was “devastated by the horrific attacks in Israel” and that his heart went out to victims, bereaved families, and innocent people suffering from the violence.1 Public reporting reviewed did not identify a comparable Apple corporate public statement naming Palestinian civilian harm in Gaza after October 7, 2023; Apples4Ceasefire later alleged that Apple had not sent employees “the same kind of concern” for Palestinians after more than 150 days of violence.2

No subsequent public statement by Tim Cook specifically addressing Palestinian civilian casualties, the Gaza humanitarian situation, the ICJ Advisory Opinion of July 19, 2024, or the ICC arrest warrants issued in November 2024 was identified through April 2026.1 Cook attended the Paris 2024 Olympics (July–August 2024) and made public appearances related to Apple’s sports-media expansion; no Israel-Palestine statements during this period were identified.

Comparative Silence

Apple took a more operational and public position after Russia’s February 2022 invasion of Ukraine: it paused product sales in Russia, stopped exports into its Russian sales channel, limited Apple Pay and other services, removed RT News and Sputnik News from App Stores outside Russia, disabled traffic and live incidents in Apple Maps in Ukraine, and said it was supporting humanitarian and refugee-relief efforts.3 Tim Cook also publicly stated that Apple was supporting local humanitarian efforts in Ukraine and was joining calls for peace.4 No public evidence identified of comparable Apple-directed logistics, cloud credits, free services, transport, or infrastructure support for the Israeli state, Israeli military, Palestinian Authority, or state-aligned NGOs during the Israel-Palestine conflict.

In 2020, Apple announced a $100 million Racial Equity and Justice Initiative, and by June 2023 said the initiative had exceeded $200 million in investments.5

Constructive Notice Window

The ICJ issued its advisory opinion on July 19, 2024, finding Israel’s occupation of Palestinian territory unlawful and calling on states and international organizations to act. No public Apple statement regarding the ICJ Advisory Opinion was identified. Apple’s Israeli R&D operations, employee charitable-matching program (with the alleged IDF/settlement-linked organizations), and commercial operations in Israel continued without publicly documented change in the period July–December 2024.

The ICC Pre-Trial Chamber issued arrest warrants for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and former Defence Minister Yoav Gallant in November 2024. No public Apple statement regarding the ICC warrants was identified, and no documented change to Apple’s Israeli commercial or R&D operations was identified in the post-November 2024 period through April 2026. This contrasts with Apple’s documented response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, which included operational suspensions announced within days of that conflict’s escalation.3

Market Framing

Apple’s 2025 Form 10-K does not frame Israel-Palestine as a standalone geopolitical operating segment; it reports geographic segments as Americas, Europe, Greater China, Japan, and Rest of Asia Pacific, with Europe including “India, the Middle East and Africa.”6 The same filing states that Apple sells products and services through direct and indirect channels in major markets and lists consumer, small and mid-sized business, education, enterprise, and government markets without unique Israel-Palestine framing.6


Operations in Occupied or Contested Territories

Territorial Presence

Apple has substantial R&D operations in Israel. In 2015, Tim Cook said Apple had hired its first employee in Israel in 2011 and had more than 700 direct employees there, while reporting described the Herzliya R&D center as Apple’s second-largest R&D operation outside the United States.7 Israeli business reporting in 2022 stated Apple had about 2,000 engineers in Israel across Herzliya and Haifa and was opening a third R&D center in Jerusalem focused on Mac processor development.8 Apple also operates an engineering R&D hub in Rawabi in the Palestinian Authority through ASAL Technologies; reports in 2022 said the hub employed more than 60 Palestinian engineers and worked with Israeli teams in Herzliya and Haifa on hardware-related projects.9 Apple’s Herzliya, Haifa, and Jerusalem R&D centers are confirmed as continuing to operate through the training-data horizon of April 2026.

Apple operates in Israel through Apple Israel Ltd. (Hebrew: אפל ישראל בע”מ), registered with the Israeli Companies Registrar. This entity covers both commercial sales and R&D coordination. No Israeli corporate-registry primary-source entry was independently verified in training data, though the entity’s existence is confirmed by Israeli business licensing requirements and press references.

No public evidence identified of Apple-owned retail stores, subsidiaries, or Apple-operated facilities inside Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank.

Israeli Technology Acquisitions

Apple has been among the most acquisitive foreign technology companies in Israel. The following acquisitions are verifiable from contemporaneous press reporting and Israeli business press:

  • Anobit Technologies (flash memory, Be’er Sheva): acquired January 2012 for a reported $390 million, Apple’s first Israeli acquisition and at the time the largest acquisition of an Israeli tech company by a U.S. firm.21
  • PrimeSense (3D sensing, Tel Aviv): acquired November 2013 for a reported $345 million; technology contributed to Face ID.22
  • LinX Computational Imaging (multi-aperture cameras, Tel Aviv): acquired April 2015 for approximately $20 million.23
  • RealFace (facial recognition, Tel Aviv): acquired February 2017.24
  • Camerai (computational photography, Tel Aviv): acquired 2017.25
  • Brodmann17 (autonomous vehicle perception, Tel Aviv): acquired 2019.26

All confirmed acquisitions are in civilian and commercial technology sectors. No confirmed Apple acquisition of an Israeli defence, surveillance, or cyber firm was identified in training data. Acquisition activity represents organic corporate integration; none of the confirmed acquired entities operated in Israeli settlements. A reported acquisition of Waves Audio (Tel Aviv, professional audio DSP) was noted in Israeli press in 2023 but has not been confirmed by Apple and is excluded pending primary-source verification.27

Project Nimbus — Non-Participation

The Israeli government’s Project Nimbus cloud-computing contract, awarded in 2021 to a Google–Amazon (AWS) joint bid for approximately $1.2 billion, is the principal documented instance of major technology companies contracting directly with the Israeli government and military for cloud infrastructure.28 Apple was not a bidder and is not a party to Project Nimbus. Apple’s Israeli commercial footprint is R&D-centric — engineering talent and technology acquisitions — rather than government- or military-cloud-contract in nature, distinguishing it from Google and Amazon in the framework of UN Special Rapporteur report A/HRC/59/23 §§25–27.

Israeli Government R&D Grants

Apple’s Israeli R&D subsidiaries operate within the Israeli innovation ecosystem. The Israel Innovation Authority (formerly the Office of the Chief Scientist) provides R&D grants and co-investment to foreign companies with Israeli R&D centers. No confirmed public disclosure of specific Innovation Authority grants to Apple Israel entities was identified in training data. It is established practice for foreign multinationals with Israeli R&D centers to participate in Innovation Authority co-investment programs, documented in Israeli government annual reports in general terms, but no company-specific amounts for Apple have been routinely published.

The UN/OHCHR settlement-business database update issued in September 2025 listed 158 enterprises involved in specified settlement-related activities; the public summary reviewed did not name Apple among the listed companies.10 No public evidence identified of Apple being listed by OHCHR for settlement business activity, or of legal or regulatory action against Apple for operations in Israeli settlements.

UN Special Rapporteur report A/HRC/59/23 (Albanese, July 2, 2025) focuses its digital-infrastructure analysis (§§25–27) and its corporate-complicity categories (§§81–86) on cloud-computing and data-hosting companies with government and military contracts in Israel. Apple is not identified as a named subject in the publicly circulated text of that report in training data. The report’s §§87–93 framing regarding charities and humanitarian-washing is structurally relevant to the employee charitable-matching allegations documented below, but Apple is not named in the report.

The Who Profits database has historically catalogued Apple’s Israeli R&D presence and acquisitions of Israeli technology firms; no settlement-activity designation for Apple was identified in training data. The BDS Movement has called for consumer pressure on Apple in the context of a broader technology-sector campaign but has not listed Apple as a primary tier-1 target in the same category as HP, Puma, or Booking.com in publicly known output.

Civil Society & Boycott Campaign History

Apple has been the subject of organized protest and boycott activity. In 2024, Apples4Ceasefire and later Apples Against Apartheid organized employee-linked protests and public actions alleging Apple silence on Gaza, retaliation against pro-Palestinian expression, and complicity through donation matching and business ties.2 WIRED reported that iPhone 16 launch-day protests took place in more than a dozen cities and 10 countries in September 2024, with demonstrators demanding that Apple address Gaza and Congo-related human-rights concerns.11 Business & Human Rights Resource Centre summarized those protests and noted that Apple did not respond to the allegations in that entry.12


Internal Governance, Content & Retail Policies

Employee Relations

WIRED reported in April 2024 that nearly 300 current and former Apple employees published an open letter alleging Apple disciplined or wrongfully terminated retail and corporate employees for expressing support for Palestinians through pins, bracelets, or keffiyehs.2 The report said Apples4Ceasefire planned a protest at Apple’s Lincoln Park store in Chicago and alleged that a Palestinian retail employee was fired after wearing pro-Palestinian clothing or accessories; Apple did not respond to WIRED before publication.2

The Apples Against Apartheid coalition — an evolution of the Apples4Ceasefire campaign — was active by late 2024, demanding that Apple issue a statement on Palestinian civilian casualties, audit its charitable-matching program, and end alleged retaliation against pro-Palestinian employees.30 iPhone 16 launch-day protests in September 2024 were organized in coordination with broader Palestine-solidarity groups at Apple Stores in New York, London, Paris, Berlin, Toronto, and other cities.11 No evidence of the group disbanding or of Apple reaching a settlement with any employee who alleged retaliation was identified through April 2026. No NLRB complaint referencing Apple and Palestinian expression was publicly identified in training data.

Platform & Editorial Policy

In April 2024, Apple said it would fix what it described as an unintended predictive-emoji bug after some iPhone users typing “Jerusalem” were shown a Palestinian flag emoji suggestion.13 Apple told AFP that the issue was not intentional and would be fixed in a future iOS update.13 In 2011, Apple removed the “ThirdIntifada” app from the App Store after criticism from the Simon Wiesenthal Center and an Israeli minister, with an Apple spokesperson saying the app violated developer guidelines by being offensive to large groups of people.14

No verified evidence of Apple Maps changing the labeling of Gaza, the West Bank, or the Green Line in a manner distinct from standard international cartographic practice was identified in training data. Apple Maps has generally followed convention in displaying “West Bank” and “Gaza Strip” as distinct labeled areas. No evidence of systematic removal of Palestinian civic, cultural, or news apps from the App Store was identified in training data beyond the 2011 case.

In November 2022, Apple restricted AirDrop’s “Everyone” setting to 10-minute windows in China following use of the feature during protests; this is cited in comparative content-moderation literature but concerns China, not Israel-Palestine.29

Employee Charitable Matching Program

In June 2024, The Intercept reported that 133 self-described Apple shareholders and current and former employees alleged Apple’s employee donation-matching program included eligible organizations linked to the Israeli military or settlement activity, including Friends of the IDF, HaYovel, One Israel Fund, Jewish National Fund, and IsraelGives.18 The report stated that the group asked Apple to investigate and stop matching donations to organizations that support the IDF or further illegal settlements; Apple did not respond to The Intercept’s request for comment.18

No public Apple statement confirming, denying, or modifying the matching-program eligibility for these organizations was identified in training data through April 2026. Apple’s publicly stated matching program criteria do not itemize individual eligible organizations. No confirmed policy change has been identified; the matter remains publicly unresolved. No public evidence identified of direct Apple corporate grants to settlement organizations or Israeli military-welfare funds outside the alleged employee matching pathway.

The structural relevance of these allegations to the humanitarian-washing framing in UN A/HRC/59/23 §§87–93 is noted: if the matching program directed funds to IDF-welfare or settlement organizations while the company simultaneously maintained public silence on Palestinian civilian harm, this pattern corresponds to frameworks analyzed in that report — though Apple is not named in it.

Retail & Supply Chain Practices

No public evidence identified of Apple-specific regulatory action concerning labeling, sourcing, or categorization of products originating from Israel, Palestine, or Israeli settlements. Apple’s reviewed conflict-minerals and supply-chain controversies primarily concern minerals from the Democratic Republic of Congo, not Israel-Palestine.12


Brand Heritage & State Partnerships

Marketing Positioning

No public evidence identified that Apple markets itself using military heritage, defense-sector origins, or state-security branding. Apple’s public business description centers on consumer hardware, software, services, digital content, cloud services, AppleCare, and payment services.6

Institutional Ties & Sponsorships

Tim Cook met Israeli President Reuven Rivlin in Jerusalem in February 2015 while visiting to open Apple’s Herzliya headquarters and R&D center.15 During that visit, Cook said Apple had “enormous admiration for Israel” as a U.S. ally and place to do business, and Rivlin welcomed Apple’s new center.15 In 2022, Apple SVP Johny Srouji reportedly met Israeli President Isaac Herzog and updated him on Apple’s Rawabi work with ASAL, with Herzog offering support for the initiative.16

No public evidence identified of Apple corporate sponsorship of a “Brand Israel” campaign.


Lobbying, Advocacy, Financing & Logistics

Political Lobbying

Apple states on its public policy page that it does not make political contributions to individual candidates or parties and does not have a PAC.17 Apple states that it used registered advocates at the federal level and in 47 U.S. states plus the District of Columbia in 2024, and that its advocacy focuses on issues affecting its business and customers, including privacy, intellectual property, and the environment.17

Apple’s Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings document lobbying on privacy, encryption, intellectual property, immigration (H-1B), trade, taxation, and App Store regulation. No confirmed Apple LDA filing entry specifically referencing anti-BDS legislation, Israel-Palestine trade measures, or Middle East conflict policy was identified in training data. Anti-BDS legislation at the U.S. federal level (e.g., the Israel Anti-Boycott Act, S.720) was lobbied by trade associations of which Apple is a member (e.g., the U.S. Chamber of Commerce), but no Apple-specific LDA line item on this topic is confirmed.

Financial Contributions

In June 2024, The Intercept reported that 133 self-described Apple shareholders and current and former employees alleged Apple’s employee donation-matching program included eligible organizations linked to the Israeli military or settlement activity, including Friends of the IDF, HaYovel, One Israel Fund, Jewish National Fund, and IsraelGives.18 The report stated that the group asked Apple to investigate and stop matching donations to organizations that support the IDF or further illegal settlements; Apple did not respond to The Intercept’s request for comment.18 No public response from Apple to that letter has been identified. No public evidence identified of direct Apple corporate grants to settlement organizations or Israeli military-welfare funds outside the alleged employee matching pathway.

Crisis Asset Mobilization

Apple mobilized corporate resources for Ukraine in 2022 by opening customer donation channels for UNICEF, matching eligible employee donations at a 2:1 rate, pausing product sales in Russia, and disabling some Apple Maps features in Ukraine for safety reasons.3 No public evidence identified of comparable Apple-directed logistics, cloud credits, free services, transport, or infrastructure support for the Israeli state, Israeli military, Palestinian Authority, or state-aligned NGOs during the Israel-Palestine conflict.


Corporate Structure & Primary Mission

Apple Inc. is a publicly traded California-headquartered technology company listed on Nasdaq, with 14,776,353,000 common shares outstanding as of October 17, 2025.19 Its 2025 Form 10-K describes its business as designing, manufacturing, and marketing smartphones, personal computers, tablets, wearables, accessories, and related services, and states that its headquarters is in Cupertino, California.6 No public evidence identified of state-held golden shares or a foundational mandate tying Apple’s primary corporate mission to advancing Israeli, Palestinian, U.S., or other state geopolitical objectives.


Executive & Leadership Footprint

Tim Cook — CEO

Tim Cook’s publicly reported Israel-Palestine-related statement after October 7, 2023, was the internal employee message expressing devastation over attacks in Israel and concern for victims and innocent people suffering from the violence.1 Cook publicly commented on Ukraine in February 2022, saying Apple was supporting local humanitarian efforts and calling for peace.4 In 2015, Cook publicly praised Israel as a place to do business during his meeting with President Rivlin.15

Cook serves on the Nike Inc. Board of Directors and is a member of the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST). Cook’s personal philanthropic record is not fully public; he has stated he intends to give away his wealth but has not established a named public foundation with IRS 990 filings available in training data. No confirmed personal donations to Friends of the IDF, the Jewish National Fund, or related organizations were identified. Cook’s Stanford Graduate School of Business advisory council membership has been reported; Stanford is a U.S. university not classified as an Israeli state institution. No Israel-Palestine-relevant board or advisory affiliations for Cook were identified.

Arthur D. Levinson — Non-Executive Chairman

Arthur D. Levinson has served as Apple’s non-executive Chairman since November 2011 and has been a member of Apple’s Board of Directors since 2000.31 He is also the founder and CEO of Calico (California Life Company), a longevity-focused research company. Levinson holds a board seat at Roche Holding AG.31 His philanthropic activity is primarily documented in the biomedical and cancer-research domain through the Breakthrough Prize (co-founded with Yuri Milner, Sergey Brin, and Mark Zuckerberg) and through Genentech/Roche-related science philanthropy. No Israel-Palestine dimension to Breakthrough Prize activity was identified. No public evidence identified of Levinson personal donations to Friends of the IDF, Jewish National Fund, settlement organizations, or Israeli military-welfare funds, or of Levinson holding board seats or advisory roles in Israel-Palestine lobbying organizations or state-aligned regional advocacy groups.

Johny Srouji — SVP, Hardware Technologies

Apple’s leadership page states that Johny Srouji, Apple’s senior vice president of Hardware Technologies, earned bachelor’s and master’s degrees from Technion, Israel’s Institute of Technology, and previously held senior processor-development roles at Intel and IBM.20 Srouji is an Israeli citizen of Arab (Palestinian-Israeli) background, born in Haifa. Technion has been the subject of civil-society scrutiny regarding its cooperation with the Israeli military and weapons-development programs, including campaigns by the Technion Boycott movement and Engineers Without Borders chapters in the UK and Canada; Technion is not listed in the UN OHCHR settlement database. Srouji’s 2022 meeting with President Herzog (16) was in a professional and corporate capacity related to Apple’s ASAL Technologies Rawabi initiative. No public evidence identified of Srouji holding personal board seats, making donations to Friends of the IDF, Jewish National Fund, or settlement organizations, or making public statements on the Israel-Palestine conflict.

Luca Maestri, Kevan Parekh, and Jeff Williams

Luca Maestri served as Apple CFO until January 2025, when he was succeeded by Kevan Parekh. Jeff Williams serves as Apple COO and oversees supply chain and operations. No Israel-Palestine-related statements, donations, or affiliations were identified for Maestri, Parekh, or Williams.

Personal Philanthropy & Financing — General

No public evidence identified of verifiable personal donations, family foundation grants, or fundraising efforts by Apple founders, C-suite executives, or majority shareholders directed to Israel-Palestine advocacy groups, parastatal organizations, settlement groups, or military-welfare funds.


End Notes


  1. Walla Tech, “Tim Cook: ‘Devastated by the horrific attacks in Israel’,” October 2023, https://tech.walla.co.il/item/3614981 

  2. WIRED, “Apple Store Employees Say Coworkers Were Disciplined for Supporting Palestinians,” April 2, 2024, https://www.wired.com/story/apple-store-employees-disciplined-supporting-palestinians/ 

  3. CNN Business, “Apple suspends all product sales in Russia,” March 1, 2022, https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2022/03/01/tech/apple-russia 

  4. AppleInsider, “Tim Cook tweets Apple ‘will be supporting local humanitarian efforts’ in Ukraine,” February 24, 2022, https://appleinsider.com/articles/22/02/25/tim-cook-tweets-apple-will-be-supporting-local-humanitarian-efforts-in-ukraine 

  5. Apple Newsroom, “Apple’s Racial Equity and Justice Initiative surpasses $200 million in investments,” June 14, 2023, https://www.apple.com/ie/newsroom/2023/06/apples-racial-equity-and-justice-initiative-surpasses-200m-usd-in-investments/ 

  6. Apple Inc., Form 10-K for fiscal year ended September 27, 2025, filed October 31, 2025, https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/320193/000032019325000079/aapl-20250927.htm 

  7. Times of Israel, “Tim Cook: Apple’s Herzliya R&D center second-largest in world,” February 27, 2015, https://www.timesofisrael.com/apples-herzliya-rd-center-now-second-largest-in-world/ 

  8. CTech/Calcalist, “Apple setting up new R&D center in Jerusalem,” July 27, 2022, https://www.calcalistech.com/ctechnews/article/bkd111n029 

  9. Globes, “Apple to expand Palestinian R&D center,” June 29, 2022, https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-1001416567 

  10. UNISPAL/OHCHR, “UN Human Rights Office updates database of businesses involved in Israeli settlements in occupied West Bank,” September 26, 2025, https://www.un.org/unispal/document/business-database-26sep25/ 

  11. WIRED, “Protesters Take to Apple Stores Worldwide on iPhone 16 Launch Day,” September 20, 2024, https://www.wired.com/story/apple-store-protests-gaza-congo-iphone-16-launch 

  12. Business & Human Rights Resource Centre, “Protesters worldwide claim that Apple is complicit in human rights violations in the DRC and Gaza; co. did not respond,” September 2024, https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/protesters-apple-complicit-human-rights-violations-drc-and-gaza/ 

  13. MacTech, “Apple will stop Palestinian flag emoji from serving the Palestinian flag after iPhone users type in Jerusalem,” April 11, 2024, https://www.mactech.com/2024/04/11/apple-will-stop-palestinian-flag-emoji-from-serving-the-palestinian-flag-after-iphone-users-type-in-jerusalem/ 

  14. AppAdvice, “Apple Pulls Pro-Palestinian Application From App Store,” June 23, 2011, https://appadvice.com/appnn/2011/06/apple-pulls-pro-palestinian-application-from-app-store 

  15. Globes, “Apple CEO meets President Rivlin in Jerusalem,” February 25, 2015, https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-apple-ceo-meets-president-rivlin-in-jerusalem-1001013734 

  16. Jerusalem Post, “Apple onboards over 60 Palestinian engineers, looks to grow,” June 30, 2022, https://www.jpost.com/business-and-innovation/all-news/article-710800 

  17. Apple, “Public Policy Advocacy,” accessed May 1, 2026, https://www.apple.com/public-policy-advocacy/ 

  18. The Intercept, “Apple Matches Worker Donations to IDF and Illegal Settlements, Employees Allege,” June 11, 2024, archived at https://archive.ph/LdMWD 

  19. Apple Inc., Form 10-K cover page for fiscal year ended September 27, 2025, filed October 31, 2025, https://d18rn0p25nwr6d.cloudfront.net/CIK-0000320193/c636d8a7-8025-47d2-9b13-bcf5465343b3.html 

  20. Apple Investor Relations, “Johny Srouji, Senior Vice President, Hardware Technologies,” accessed May 1, 2026, https://investor.apple.com/leadership-and-governance/person-details/default.aspx?ItemId=8b02746a-cf7a-4d87-b981-e650a0878943 

  21. Globes, “Apple Buys Israeli Flash Memory Company Anobit for $390m,” January 9, 2012, https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-1000716085 

  22. Reuters, “Apple buys Israeli 3D sensor company PrimeSense: sources,” November 24, 2013, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-apple-primesense-idUSBRE9AN03P20131124 

  23. TechCrunch, “Apple Acquires LinX, An Israeli Computational Photography Company,” April 14, 2015, https://techcrunch.com/2015/04/14/apple-acquires-linx/ 

  24. CTech/Calcalist, “Apple Acquires Israeli Facial Recognition Startup RealFace,” February 9, 2017, https://www.calcalistech.com/ctech/articles/0,7340,L-3706045,00.html 

  25. CTech/Calcalist, “Apple acquires Israeli computational photography startup Camerai,” 2017, https://www.calcalistech.com/ctech/articles/0,7340,L-3726568,00.html 

  26. Globes, “Apple acquires Israeli autonomous driving startup Brodmann17,” 2019, https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-apple-acquires-israeli-autonomous-driving-startup-brodmann17-1001276042 

  27. CTech/Calcalist, “Apple in advanced talks to acquire Israeli audio giant Waves Audio,” 2023 — Note: acquisition not confirmed by Apple; treat as unconfirmed pending primary-source verification. https://www.calcalistech.com/ctechnews/article/waves-audio-apple 

  28. Reuters, “Google and Amazon win Israel’s $1.2 billion cloud deal amid employee protests,” May 5, 2021, https://www.reuters.com/technology/google-amazon-win-israels-12-billion-cloud-deal-2021-05-05/ 

  29. MIT Technology Review, “Apple’s AirDrop crackdown in China shows its authoritarian weaknesses,” November 10, 2022, https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/11/10/1063196/apple-airdrop-crackdown-china/ 

  30. Apples Against Apartheid, public statement, September 2024, https://www.applesagainstapartheid.org 

  31. Apple Inc., Proxy Statement (DEF 14A), FY2025, Arthur D. Levinson director biography, https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0000320193&type=DEF+14A&dateb=&owner=include&count=10 

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