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Chevrolet POLITICAL

POLITICAL AUDIT UPDATED 2026-07-04
Political Score 2.27 /10 D Chevrolet - BDS-1000 293
Political 2.27

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Chevrolet (General Motors Company) - Political Political Forensics Audit

Audit Phase: Political Parent Entity: General Motors Company (NYSE: GM) Research Completed: 29 June 2026


Corporate Communications & Public Stance

No public statement from Chevrolet or its parent company General Motors addressing the October 7, 2023 Hamas attacks, the subsequent Israeli military operations in Gaza, or the Israel-Palestine conflict more broadly has been identified in any publicly accessible corporate channel as of the date of this research 12. When Jewish Insider contacted GM’s press office in September 2025 regarding controversy surrounding the company’s newly appointed head of global philanthropy, the office declined to comment and issued no accompanying policy statement on Israel-Palestine 3.

GM’s communications record on other geopolitical conflicts establishes a clear point of comparison. In March 2022, in response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, GM issued a public statement expressing solidarity with “the people of Ukraine,” suspended all vehicle exports to Russia, subsequently extended that suspension, exited the Russian market entirely, and donated approximately 50 Chevrolet Tahoe SUVs for Ukrainian humanitarian logistics in partnership with Maersk and the Embassy of Ukraine in Washington 45. In June 2020, CEO Mary Barra personally authored a note to GM employees characterizing herself as “both impatient and disgusted” at institutional racism, and GM committed $10 million to racial justice organizations - beginning with a $1 million grant to the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund - with total giving reaching $22 million through end of 2021 67. No equivalent corporate statement, financial commitment, or operational adjustment has been identified in connection with the Gaza conflict or Palestinian civilian casualties 12.

In its own communications, GM frames its Israeli presence in exclusively commercial and technological terms. The company’s official careers page describes the Herzliya Tech Center in standard R&D language covering autonomous vehicles, machine learning, and cybersecurity, with no geopolitical framing 8. GM’s 2021 press materials described the Israeli operation as “one of the company’s major global technology hubs,” established in 2008 and targeting a workforce of over 1,000 employees 9. GM is listed as a featured corporate participant on Startup Nation Central, an Israeli government–affiliated innovation promotion body, though the specific terms of that listing were not accessible for direct review 2. No language in publicly accessible GM annual reports or press materials frames Israel operations in geopolitical terms; framing is consistently commercial and technological 91011.


Operations in Occupied or Contested Territories

UMI - Settlement Service Center (West Bank)

Who Profits documents that UMI (Universal Motors Israel Ltd.), the Israeli authorized distributor for GM brands Chevrolet, Cadillac, Buick, and Isuzu, operates an authorized Chevrolet Israel service center located in the Mishor Adumim settlement Industrial Zone in the occupied West Bank 1. Mishor Adumim is the industrial zone of the Israeli settlement of Ma’ale Adumim, situated in the West Bank east of Jerusalem; Israeli settlements in the West Bank are considered illegal under international law by the international community 1. Who Profits further documents that this service center includes “a department for handling military vehicles,” though no primary procurement document independently corroborating that specific claim was located 1.

GM divested its 10% minority stake in UMI in August 2013 for NIS 68.5 million, with ownership post-sale divided equally between Kardan Israel Ltd. and Eastern Automobile Marketing Company 12. UMI subsequently passed to Comasco Holdings, which continues to operate it as the authorized Chevrolet, Cadillac, and Isuzu importer in Israel; Who Profits describes the Mishor Adumim service center as operationally ongoing 131.

West Bank Checkpoints - Chevrolet Grumman Vans (Historical)

Who Profits documents Chevrolet Grumman vans as mobile baggage-scanning vehicles at Israeli military checkpoints in the occupied West Bank: Al-Hamra (2012), Ma’ale Efraim (2010), and Huwara (2009) 1. Chevrolet Grumman vans were additionally documented scanning the belongings of family members visiting Palestinian political prisoners at Ktziot Prison, Naqab/Negev, in 2004 1. No public evidence identified of continuation or discontinuation of these checkpoint deployments after 2012.

Israeli Security Forces - Chevrolet Vehicle Supply

Who Profits documents Chevrolet Savana and Chevrolet Malibu vehicles as used by the Israel Prison Service 1. The Chevrolet Tahoe is documented by Who Profits as used by Israeli Police 1. Chevrolet Savana ambulances are documented by Who Profits as serving the Israeli military until 2018, when they were replaced by Mercedes-Benz vehicles 1. No public evidence identified of Israel Prison Service or Israeli Police Chevrolet vehicle supply contracts post-2020 in any independent source consulted.

IDF Procurement - IAI Z-Series Tactical Vehicles (GM Powertrains)

The IAI Z-series tactical vehicle family, manufactured by Israel Aerospace Industries, employs commercially purchased General Motors components: the V8 L96 engine (360hp) and/or the GM LQ4 6.0L V8 (430hp), the General Motors 4L80E automatic transmission, and Dana/GM front and rear axles with ARB air lockers 1415. In June 2022, the Israeli Ministry of Defense Department of Production and Procurement signed a NIS 100 million (approximately $27–30 million) order with IAI for “several hundred off-road vehicles with gasoline engines produced by General Motors” destined for Israeli military special units, with IAI components including GM engines purchased using U.S. military aid funding 121617. In 2018, an Israeli military robotics lab converted a Chevrolet Colorado into an autonomous military vehicle 1.

IDF Procurement - Flyer 72 Tactical Vehicle (GM Engine)

Flyer Defense LLC manufactures the Flyer 72 tactical patrol vehicle in partnership with General Dynamics; the Flyer 72 incorporates a General Motors engine 181920. Following the October 7, 2023 attacks, Flyer Defense provided Israel with Flyer 72 vehicles for military evaluation under “Operation Swords of Iron,” with dozens of vehicles reportedly named “Beeri” and acquired to replace combat-damaged armored vehicles, funded by U.S. taxpayer appropriations 1819. Israel reportedly ordered 60 additional Flyer 72 vehicles in January 2024, again financed by U.S. military aid 1819. No public evidence identified of a primary IMOD procurement document or DSCA press release specifically referencing the Flyer 72 transactions.

IDF Procurement - Chevrolet Colorado (2016 Tender)

Who Profits documents that in 2016, the Chevrolet Colorado won an Israeli Ministry of Defense tender for the acquisition of over 100 trucks for Israeli military use, financed by U.S. military aid 1. No public evidence identified of renewal or extension of this contract post-2020.

GM Technical Center Israel - Herzliya (2008–Present)

General Motors Israel Ltd. (a wholly owned GM subsidiary) has operated the GM Technical Center Israel in Herzliya since 2008 98. Peak employment exceeded 850 staff engaged in cybersecurity, machine learning, and autonomous vehicle development 10. Beginning in August 2024, GM conducted layoffs at the Herzliya center in connection with the global shutdown of its Cruise autonomous-vehicle subsidiary; a larger second round followed in May 2025, eliminating hundreds of additional positions 21. GM stated that Herzliya operations will continue in cybersecurity and other R&D disciplines 21.

GM Ventures - Israeli Technology Portfolio

GM Ventures co-led a $39 million Series B investment in Addionics, an Israeli EV battery materials startup, in July 2024, bringing the company’s total funding to $79 million 22. GM acquired ALGOLiON, an Israeli EV battery safety software startup founded in 2014 in Rehovot with prior support from the Israeli Innovation Authority, on June 30, 2023, for an undisclosed sum; ALGOLiON was subsequently relocated to GM’s Herzliya Tech Center 1011. GM Ventures invested in UVeye, an Israeli AI-powered vehicle inspection company whose technology originated in Israeli security-checkpoint under-vehicle inspection systems developed for border security applications 2324. The specific amount and date of GM’s UVeye investment were not confirmed from a primary source, as the relevant Times of Israel article was paywalled at time of research 24.

AFSC Investigate lists General Motors in its Companies Profiting from the Gaza Genocide database, citing GM engine supply to IAI vehicles used in Gaza military operations (2023–2024), with an information validity date of August 9, 2024 218. Who Profits maintains an active investigative profile on General Motors in its Israeli Occupation Industry database 1. An indirect search-engine check of the 2023 update to the OHCHR database of businesses involved in activities related to Israeli settlements (HRC Resolution 31/36) did not surface General Motors, UMI, or Universal Motors Israel as named entities; direct text-search of the PDF was not possible because the document was retrieved in binary format 2526. General Motors and Chevrolet do not appear among companies named in UN Special Rapporteur Albanese’s report A/HRC/59/23 (“From economy of occupation to economy of genocide,” July 2025), which identifies Caterpillar, Hyundai, and Volvo among automotive and heavy-machinery companies referenced 27. No public evidence identified of OECD National Contact Point complaints or domestic court filings referencing General Motors or Chevrolet.

Civil Society and Boycott Activity

Who Profits and AFSC Investigate maintain ongoing documentation of GM’s connections to Israeli military and occupation supply chains, functioning as investigative civil-society databases rather than formal boycott campaigns 12. No major BDS Movement priority campaign specifically targeting Chevrolet or General Motors as a named company was identified; GM does not appear as a named priority in BDS movement published guidance 18. In September 1966, the Arab League Boycott Bureau in Beirut publicly announced plans to consider banning General Motors vehicles following reports that GM was building an assembly plant in Israel; the archived report does not record the outcome of the October 26, 1966 Kuwait conference scheduled to address the proposed boycott 28.


Internal Governance, Content & Retail Policies

Philanthropy Leadership - Sirene Abou-Chakra (June–October 2025)

Sirene Abou-Chakra was appointed GM’s head of global philanthropy in June 2025 29. On September 8, 2025, Jewish Insider published a report documenting her public social-media history on X/Twitter spanning November 2019 through July 2024, including: a September 2022 characterization of Israel as “built on lies”; a June 2022 assertion that Israel “is not a democracy”; a claim that pro-Hamas demonstrations during Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu’s July 2024 congressional address were “planted” by pro-Israel actors; and a November 2019 description of Michigan Governor Whitmer’s Israel visit as promoting “apartheid” 29. The majority of these posts were deleted between the day Jewish Insider made its inquiries and the following morning 29. GM’s press office declined to comment on the matter at the time of publication 293. By approximately October 1, 2025, a GM spokesperson confirmed Abou-Chakra was “no longer in her role”; GM declined to specify whether her departure was voluntary or involuntary 3. No public evidence identified of pro-Palestinian philanthropy having been executed in GM’s name during Abou-Chakra’s tenure.

Employee Relations

No public evidence identified of GM HR actions taken against employees for pro-Palestinian speech, of lawsuits against unions for Palestine-related expression, or of documented disciplinary proceedings involving employee speech on the conflict. No public evidence identified of organized internal GM employee campaigns or open letters related to Gaza.

The UAW International Executive Board, which represents GM production workers, voted in December 2023 to join a ceasefire petition and issued a formal statement on Israel and Palestine 30. UAW president Shawn Fain publicly called for a ceasefire in January 2024 31. “UAW Labor for Palestine,” a rank-and-file caucus active across UAW-represented industries including auto manufacturing, operates as an ongoing organization 3130. No public evidence identified that these union activities were directed or endorsed by GM management.

Platform and Editorial Policy

No public evidence identified of General Motors engaging in content moderation, editorial conduct, or platform policy decisions related to the conflict. General Motors is an automotive manufacturer that does not operate a consumer content platform, social-media service, or application store; no conduct applicable to algorithmic suppression or editorial control was identified as within the scope of GM’s documented business activities.

Retail and Supply Chain Practices

No public evidence identified of labeling controversies, regulatory actions concerning settlement-origin products, or supply-chain sourcing issues related to Israeli settlements in GM’s automotive retail operations.


Brand Heritage & State Partnerships

GM Defense LLC - Military Branding and Product Lines

GM Defense LLC, GM’s military vehicle subsidiary headquartered in Concord, North Carolina, manufactures the Infantry Squad Vehicle (ISV) - built on the Chevrolet Colorado ZR2 platform - for the U.S. Army, andactively markets its military heritage as part of its brand identity 3233. In 2023, GM Defense entered an agreement with the UAE’s Tawazun Council defense procurement agency, and in February 2025 it formalized a manufacturing partnership with the UAE’s EDGE Group and NIMR Automotive to produce the ISV and Next Generation Tactical Vehicle (NGTV) for the UAE and African markets 32. No public evidence identified of an Israel-specific GM Defense partnership, marketing agreement, or sales contract.

Israeli Government Innovation Platforms

GM is listed on Startup Nation Finder - operated by Startup Nation Central, an Israeli government–affiliated innovation promotion body - as a participating multinational corporate investor 2. GM’s presence on Israel’s Invest in Israel government promotion platform was identified in search results, but the relevant page was inaccessible due to DNS resolution failure at the time of research and its specific contents could not be retrieved 2. ALGOLiON, the Israeli EV battery software company acquired by GM in June 2023, had previously received state support from the Israeli Innovation Authority, a body promoting Israeli technology commercialization 1011. No public evidence identified of GM accepting formal state honors from Israel, hosting Israeli government officials in non-commercial settings, or sponsoring “Brand Israel” cultural or public-relations campaigns.

Historical Arab League Boycott Threat (1966)

In September 1966, the Arab League Boycott Bureau in Beirut publicly announced plans to consider banning General Motors vehicles after reports emerged that GM was constructing an assembly plant in Israel; the archived report documents only the announcement of a planned Kuwait conference discussion and does not record the outcome 28.


Lobbying, Advocacy, Financing & Logistics

Federal Lobbying

GM’s annual federal lobbying expenditure was approximately $14,420,000 in 2023 and approximately $14,230,000 in 2024, per OpenSecrets 34. GM’s disclosed lobbying issue areas center on automotive emissions standards, electric vehicle incentive policy, trade and tariffs, and transportation infrastructure 34. No public evidence identified of General Motors lobbying specifically on anti-BDS legislation, pro-Israel trade policy, or any Israel-related foreign policy matter.

Political Action Committee

GM PAC (FEC ID C00076810) raised approximately $3,238,481 and contributed approximately $837,500 to federal candidates in the 2023–2024 election cycle 35. No public evidence identified of GM PAC contributions directed to AIPAC-aligned political action committees or to candidates selected on the basis of Israel-related positions.

Advocacy Organization Affiliations

No public evidence identified of General Motors holding leadership roles in AIPAC, the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations, the US-Israel Technology Foundation, or similar Israel-advocacy organizations. No public evidence identified of GM corporate donations to FIDF (Friends of the Israel Defense Forces), JNF/KKL, Im Tirtzu, Regavim, Lev Echad, or other Israeli military-welfare, settlement, or advocacy organizations.

Corporate Charitable Giving

The General Motors Foundation was closed in 2017; GM now administers all charitable giving directly through the corporation 6. GM committed $10 million to U.S. racial justice organizations in June 2020, beginning with $1 million to the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, and pledged a cumulative $22 million through end of 2021 67. GM donated approximately 50 Chevrolet Tahoe SUVs for Ukrainian humanitarian logistics in April 2022 5. No public evidence identified of equivalent financial contributions by GM toward Palestinian humanitarian organizations or Gaza conflict relief.

Crisis Asset Mobilization

No public evidence identified of General Motors directing corporate resources, vehicle fleets, cloud credits, software services, or other company assets to assist Israeli military or state-aligned NGO operations during the Gaza conflict. GM’s documented product-level connections to Israeli military procurement - GM powertrain components in IAI Z-series vehicles and in the Flyer 72 - flow through standard commercial and third-party defense-manufacturing channels involving Israel Aerospace Industries and Flyer Defense LLC, not through direct crisis-mobilization decisions attributable to GM headquarters 1218191617.


Corporate Structure & Primary Mission

General Motors Company is incorporated in Delaware and listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE: GM) 36. GM’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation and bylaws are publicly available via SEC EDGAR 36. No state-held “golden share,” government-mandated mission, or founding-document provision explicitly tying GM’s primary corporate mission to advancing any state’s geopolitical goals was identified; GM’s governance documents reflect standard Delaware corporate structure 36.

As of 2025, major institutional shareholders include Vanguard Group (approximately 12%), BlackRock (approximately 9.4%), and State Street (approximately 5%) 1. No public evidence identified of an Israel-linked controlling shareholder or sovereign wealth fund holding 10% or more of GM equity.

GM divested its 10% minority stake in UMI (Israeli distributor) in August 2013 for NIS 68.5 million; UMI is not a GM subsidiary or affiliate and operates as an independently owned authorized distributor under Comasco Holdings 1213. General Motors Israel Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary, remains listed in GM’s SEC filings and operates the Herzliya Tech Center for R&D, ventures activity, and Israeli market development 98.


Executive & Leadership Footprint

Mary Barra - Chair and CEO

Mary Barra personally authored a public employee note in June 2020 characterizing herself as “both impatient and disgusted” at institutional racism and committing GM to $10 million in racial justice donations 67. In March 2022, Barra authorized the suspension of Russian vehicle exports and the donation of Chevrolet Tahoe SUVs for Ukrainian humanitarian aid 45. No public statement from Mary Barra addressing the Gaza conflict, Palestinian civilian casualties, or the Israel-Palestine situation has been identified 293. No public evidence identified of personal donations by Barra to FIDF, JNF, AIPAC, or related organizations, or of Barra serving on the board of any pro-Israel advocacy organization.

Wesley G. Bush - Board Member (since February 2019)

Wesley G. Bush joined GM’s board of directors in February 2019 37. He previously served as Chairman (2011–2019) and CEO (2010–2018) of Northrop Grumman Corporation 38. Northrop Grumman has documented defense supply relationships with Israel, including F-35 avionics and radar systems for the Israeli Air Force, ALQ-131 electronic warfare systems, Sa’ar 5 warship components used by the Israeli Navy, and M830A1 tank round production 39. Bush joined the GM board approximately five months after completing his Northrop Grumman chairmanship; he concurrently serves on the boards of Dow Inc., GE Aerospace, and Cisco 38. No public evidence identified of personal statements by Bush on Israel-Palestine or personal donations to Israel-advocacy organizations.

Jami Miscik - Board Member (since October 2018)

Jami Miscik was appointed to the GM board in October 2018 40. She previously served as Deputy Director for Intelligence at the Central Intelligence Agency (2002–2005) and as Vice Chairman of Kissinger Associates (2009–2022) 41. She currently serves as Co-Vice Chair of the Council on Foreign Relations and Chair of the American Ditchley Foundation 41. No public evidence identified of personal statements by Miscik on Israel-Palestine or personal donations to Israel-advocacy organizations.

Stephen J. Girsky - Former Vice Chairman (2010–2014)

Stephen Girsky served as GM Vice Chairman from 2010 to 2014 and departed the GM board in 2016 42. Following his departure, Girsky joined the board of advisors of Otonomo Technologies, an Israeli connected-vehicle data company, and was listed as an advisor or board member as of 2021 42. Otonomo went public via SPAC in 2021 and subsequently merged with Urgent.ly in 2023 42. Girsky’s Otonomo role post-dates his GM tenure and constitutes a personal independent directorship; no evidence of Otonomo having dual-use military applications or Israeli security or military customers was identified 42.

Alfred F. Kelly Jr. - Board Member (since September 2024)

Alfred F. Kelly Jr., former Chairman and CEO of Visa Inc., joined the GM board of directors in September 2024 43. No public evidence identified of Israel-specific affiliations or public statements by Kelly.

Sirene Abou-Chakra - Former Head of Global Philanthropy (June–October 2025)

As detailed in Internal Governance above, Abou-Chakra was appointed GM’s head of global philanthropy in June 2025 and exited the role by October 1, 2025 following Jewish Insider’s reporting on her social-media history regarding Israel-Palestine 293.


End Notes

Footnotes

  1. https://www.whoprofits.org/companies/company/3959 ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9 ↩10 ↩11 ↩12 ↩13 ↩14 ↩15 ↩16 ↩17 ↩18

  2. https://investigate.info/company/general-motors ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9

  3. https://jewishinsider.com/2025/10/general-motors-philanthropy-israel-exit/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  4. https://www.clickondetroit.com/news/local/2022/03/01/general-motors-suspends-vehicle-exports-to-russia-following-invasion-of-ukraine/ ↩ ↩2

  5. https://gmauthority.com/blog/2022/04/gm-donates-50-chevy-tahoe-suvs-for-humanitarian-aid-in-ukraine/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  6. https://www.blackenterprise.com/general-motors-donates-10-million-to-support-organizations-promoting-inclusion-and-racial-justice/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  7. https://gmauthority.com/blog/2020/06/general-motors-commits-10-million-to-support-inclusion-and-racial-justice-in-america/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  8. https://search-careers.gm.com/en/locations/israel/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  9. https://www.calcalistech.com/ctech/articles/0,7340,L-3915931,00.html ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  10. https://nocamels.com/2023/07/gm-acquires-israeli-startup-specializing-in-ev-battery-safety/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  11. https://investor.gm.com/news-releases/news-release-details/general-motors-acquires-battery-software-startup-algolion/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  12. https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-1000874459 ↩ ↩2

  13. https://comascoholdings.com/umi/ ↩ ↩2

  14. https://www.army-technology.com/projects/z-family-of-all-terrain-vehicles-israel/ ↩

  15. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zibar ↩

  16. https://armyrecognition.com/news/army-news/army-news-2022/israeli-special-forces-to-get-iai-elta-zmag-4x4-vehicles ↩ ↩2

  17. https://militaryleak.com/2022/06/09/israel-defense-forces-special-forces-to-get-hundreds-of-iai-elta-z-mag-commando-vehicles/ ↩ ↩2

  18. https://afsc.org/gaza-genocide-companies ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  19. https://investigate.afsc.org/company/flyer-defense ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  20. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Dynamics_Flyer ↩

  21. https://www.calcalistech.com/ctechnews/article/s12wh0pxxl ↩ ↩2

  22. https://www.autonews.com/mobility-report/gm-ventures-invests-israeli-ev-tech-startup-addionics/ ↩

  23. https://wardsauto.com/technology/israeli-startup-goes-bomb-detection-vehicle-inspection ↩

  24. https://www.timesofisrael.com/general-motors-invests-in-israeli-vehicle-inspection-startup-uveye/ ↩ ↩2

  25. https://www.ohchr.org/en/business/bhr-database ↩

  26. https://www.un.org/unispal/document/ohchr-report-02aug24/ ↩

  27. https://law4palestine.org/summary-of-the-un-special-rapporteurs-report-on-corporate-complicity-in-the-economy-of-occupation-and-genocide-including-a-list-of-referenced-companies/ ↩

  28. https://www.jta.org/archive/arab-league-mulls-boycotts-against-general-motors-ford-coca-cola ↩ ↩2

  29. https://jewishinsider.com/2025/09/sirene-abou-chakra-general-motors-head-of-global-philanthropy-israel/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  30. https://uaw.org/uaw-statement-israel-palestine/ ↩ ↩2

  31. https://jacobin.com/2024/01/shawn-fain-uaw-israel-palestine-gaza-cease-fire/ ↩ ↩2

  32. https://www.defensenews.com/industry/2025/02/19/gm-defense-boosts-mideast-footprint-with-edge-military-vehicle-tie-up/ ↩ ↩2

  33. https://www.gmdefensellc.com/site/us/en/gm-defense/home/integrated-vehicles.html ↩

  34. https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying/clients/summary?cycle=2023&id=D000000155 ↩ ↩2

  35. https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/general-motors/C00076810/summary/2024 ↩

  36. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001467858/000119312524108581/d648661ddef14a1.pdf ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  37. https://www.detroitnews.com/story/business/autos/general-motors/2019/02/11/general-motors-names-northrop-grumman-chairman-board-directors/2841676002/ ↩

  38. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesley_G._Bush ↩ ↩2

  39. https://investigate.afsc.org/company/northrop-grumman ↩

  40. https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/10/gm-appoints-an-ex-cia-deputy-director-to-its-board.html ↩

  41. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jami_Miscik ↩ ↩2

  42. https://www.automotive-fleet.com/10135997/what-and-who-is-otonomo ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  43. https://gmauthority.com/blog/2024/09/former-visa-ceo-joins-gm-board-of-directors/ ↩