INDEX / DIRECTORY / LAMBORGHINI

Lamborghini

Part of Volkswagen C
Car Manufacturers 84 CITED SOURCES UPDATED 2026-07-10
BDS-1000 Score 551 /1000 C Tier C - High Group score - purchases fund Volkswagen.
Lamborghini alone: 333/1000 D Tier D - Moderate
Military ↗ 2.75 Digital ↗ 0.05 Economic ↗ 4.06 Political ↗ 3.54

OpenIntel is reader-funded - no sponsors, no institutional money. Support OpenIntel →

BDS-1000 Dossier: Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.

Key Findings

  • Political/Military (parent-level): Volkswagen AG - Lamborghini’s ultimate parent - signed a letter of intent in late April 2026 with Israeli state-owned defence firm Rafael Advanced Defense Systems to convert its Osnabrück, Germany plant to produce Iron Dome components; as of the most recent reporting the deal remained stalled amid objections from Volkswagen shareholder Qatar Investment Authority.123
  • Digital: Lamborghini is explicitly named - alongside Audi, Bentley and Porsche - in Volkswagen Group’s intensified driver-assistance collaboration with Mobileye, the Jerusalem-headquartered, Intel-majority-owned ADAS supplier.45
  • Economic: Lamborghini maintains no official importer or authorised dealership in Israel; the brand reaches the Israeli market only through unofficial parallel (“grey-market”) import, principally the Tel Aviv-based Hinoma Motors.67
  • Not found: No public evidence identified of any direct contract between Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. itself and Israeli military, security, or settlement bodies, and no Lamborghini-specific statement, business suspension, or divestment addressing Israel/Gaza - in contrast to its documented 2022 suspension of business with Russia.8

Target Profile

FieldDetail
Company NameAutomobili Lamborghini S.p.A.
JurisdictionItaly; registered and headquartered in Sant’Agata Bolognese. No public evidence identified of Israeli incorporation, tax residency, or permanent-establishment status.9
HeadquartersSant’Agata Bolognese, Italy.9
SectorLuxury/high-performance automotive manufacturing.
Ownership100% owned by Audi AG, wholly within Volkswagen Group AG. Volkswagen AG’s own shareholder base comprises Porsche SE (Porsche/Piëch families, ~53.3% of voting rights), the German State of Lower Saxony (~11.8–20% of voting rights, with a statutory “golden share” veto), and the Qatar Investment Authority (~14.6–17% of voting rights, two supervisory-board seats).10
Key Executives / GovernanceCEO Stephan Winkelmann (German national, in post since December 2020, concurrently chairman of Audi AG); no Lamborghini-specific board is publicly disclosed, with supervisory functions filled by Audi AG/Volkswagen Group representatives.1112
Israeli-Nexus SummaryNo direct, brand-level Lamborghini–Israel nexus was identified; the documented nexus exists only at the Volkswagen Group parent/sibling level (Mobileye ADAS brand-naming, Cymotive/Innoviz/Konnect/Porsche Digital ventures, MAN Truck & Bus settlement-transit and riot-vehicle chassis supply, and the 2026 Rafael/Iron Dome Osnabrück letter of intent).

Key Facts:

Executive Summary

Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. is an Italian luxury sports-car manufacturer, founded in Sant’Agata Bolognese in 1963, wholly owned by Audi AG within the Volkswagen Group.910 Across four independent domain audits - military, digital, economic, and political - no evidence was found of any direct contract, subsidiary, dealership, investment, or public statement connecting Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. itself to the Israeli state, Israeli military or security bodies, or Israeli settlement activity. The company has no official importer or authorised dealer in Israel; vehicles reach the market exclusively through unofficial parallel-import channels, chiefly the Tel Aviv-based Hinoma Motors.67 Lamborghini is absent from the UN OHCHR’s settlement-business database, the PAX “Companies Arming Israel and Their Financiers” report, and the UN Special Rapporteur’s July 2025 “economy of genocide” report.1314151617

The dossier’s strongest documented vectors instead sit at the Volkswagen Group parent or sibling-brand level, and are recorded here as chain context rather than as Lamborghini’s own conduct. The most consequential is Volkswagen AG’s 2026 engagement with Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, an Israeli state-owned defence manufacturer: from March 2026 the two entered talks to repurpose Volkswagen’s Osnabrück plant for Iron Dome-related production (transport trucks, launch platforms, generators, and interceptor-missile engines), reaching a letter of intent with a 60-day exclusivity window by late April 2026.18192 As of the most recent confirmed reporting (mid-to-late June 2026), the arrangement remained stalled - not completed, not abandoned - owing to objections from Volkswagen shareholder Qatar Investment Authority.320 A second parent-level vector is Volkswagen Group’s naming of Lamborghini, alongside Audi, Bentley and Porsche, in its intensified ADAS collaboration with Mobileye, the Jerusalem-headquartered advanced-driver-assistance supplier majority-owned by Intel; no specific Lamborghini production model has yet been publicly confirmed for the system.45 A third is the Who Profits and AFSC Investigate designation of Volkswagen Group for its MAN Truck & Bus subsidiary’s supply of chassis converted into armoured riot-control and water-cannon vehicles used by Israeli Border Police, and for MAN bus supply to Egged Group routes serving West Bank and East Jerusalem settlements.2122

What is not supported by the evidence record is any suggestion that Lamborghini itself participates in these activities. Lamborghini Trattori - the historically similarly named tractor manufacturer - has had no corporate relationship with Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. for decades and is excluded from this audit’s scope. No export licence, end-user certificate, or government export-control action names Lamborghini in connection with Israeli defence or security end-users. No NGO investigation, UN report, or BDS campaign specifically targets the Lamborghini brand. No pension fund or sovereign wealth fund divestment decision cites Lamborghini or Volkswagen’s defence-sector activity; the most prominent institutional pushback identified - from Qatar Investment Authority - was reported as diplomatically, not human-rights, motivated.203

Taken together, the evidence record supports a documentary nexus that is real but attenuated: a wholly owned subsidiary of a group whose parent has, in 2026, moved toward a defence-manufacturing relationship with an Israeli state entity, and whose broader Israeli technology and market footprint (Mobileye, Cymotive, Innoviz, Konnect, Porsche Digital, MAN/Egged) is substantial at group level but not independently replicated at the Lamborghini brand level. This is reflected in the final BRS score of 333 (Tier D - Moderate), driven by the Economic domain (V=4.06) reflecting the ownership-chain investment and market-access exposures, with Military (2.75), Political (3.54), and especially Digital (0.05) scoring materially lower, the last reflecting the near-total absence of a brand-specific digital nexus beyond the Mobileye naming.

Timeline of Relevant Events

DateEvent
1963Ferruccio Lamborghini founds Automobili Lamborghini in Sant’Agata Bolognese, Italy.9
September 1998Audi AG acquires Automobili Lamborghini, bringing it into the Volkswagen Group ownership chain.10
2016Cymotive Technologies founded in Tel Aviv/Wolfsburg as a Volkswagen Group automotive-cybersecurity joint venture, co-founded by former Shin Bet officials including chairman Yuval Diskin.2324
March 2022Lamborghini suspends all business with Russia following the invasion of Ukraine and donates to UNHCR.8
August 2022CARIAD SE (Volkswagen Group) selects Innoviz Technologies (Israel) as direct LiDAR supplier for VW Group automated-driving programmes, a deal reported at roughly $4bn lifetime value.25
20 March 2024Volkswagen Group and Mobileye announce intensified ADAS collaboration explicitly naming Audi, Bentley, Lamborghini, and Porsche as brands to integrate Mobileye SuperVision/Chauffeur systems.45
December 2024A Volkswagen Group data breach exposes location and owner data of roughly 800,000 EVs via misconfigured AWS storage (Group-level infrastructure incident).26
25 March 2026Reports emerge that Volkswagen is in talks with Israeli defence firm Rafael to manufacture Iron Dome parts at its Osnabrück, Germany plant.2728
~25 March 2026Volkswagen states that “the production of weapons by Volkswagen AG remains ruled out,” confirming only exploratory discussions.29
Late April 2026Rafael and Volkswagen sign a letter of intent, with a 60-day exclusivity window targeting a binding deal by late June 2026.30
April 2026Lamborghini’s CEO describes Middle East vehicle deliveries as “at a standstill,” attributed to regional conflict and shipping disruption rather than a policy decision.31
May 2026Reporting describes Volkswagen and Rafael as advancing toward a joint-venture structure; Volkswagen CEO Oliver Blume is quoted as remaining “open to security-related collaborations.”321
May 2026India’s KPIT Technologies agrees to acquire Cymotive from Volkswagen Group in stages, amid declining Cymotive revenue.3334
Mid-to-late June 2026The Volkswagen–Rafael Osnabrück arrangement remains stalled, unfinalized, amid objections from Volkswagen shareholder Qatar Investment Authority.320

Corporate Overview

Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. is legally domiciled and headquartered in Sant’Agata Bolognese, Italy, and is 100%-owned by Audi AG, which is itself wholly owned by Volkswagen Group AG.910 No dual or legacy Israeli headquarters, subsidiary, or workforce exists. Lamborghini has no official importer or franchised dealership network in Israel; unlike sibling ultra-luxury marques Ferrari and Bentley, which do maintain official Israeli distributors, Lamborghini vehicles reach Israeli buyers exclusively through “yibua ze’ir” (micro/parallel import), a mechanism permitting private individuals or small importers to bring vehicles in for specific buyers outside a franchised network.76 Hinoma Motors, a Tel Aviv-based parallel importer founded in 1995, advertises Lamborghini alongside Ferrari, Maserati and Porsche.6 Israeli Ministry of Transportation registration data cited by Calcalist show only a handful of Lamborghini registrations in the reporting period examined (two Urus, one Aventador), with two Lamborghini Revueltos among the nine vehicles registered above ₪4 million in 2025, all via micro-import.7

Volkswagen Group’s own official Israeli importer, Champion Motors Ltd. (Bnei Brak, founded 1965, a subsidiary of Allied Group), handles Volkswagen, Audi, Škoda, SEAT and Volkswagen commercial vehicles - but its exclusive-importer mandate does not extend to Lamborghini.721 Neither Who Profits nor AFSC Investigate maintains a standalone Lamborghini entry; both track the brand only indirectly through their “Volkswagen Group” company profiles.2122 At the Group level, Who Profits documents at least eleven Israeli entities, none tied specifically to the Lamborghini brand, including Konnect (a Tel Aviv innovation hub opened May 2018), Porsche Digital Israel Ltd. (a Tel Aviv scouting/venture office), Cymotive Technologies (40%-Volkswagen-owned cybersecurity JV), and passive minority stakes in Autonomous Mobility Israel, Griiip Automotive Engineering, Anagog, Tactile Mobility, and TriEye.21 No Lamborghini-specific R&D centre, laboratory, dealership, or workforce in Israel or the occupied territories was identified in any of the four domain audits.

Domain Summaries

Military: Military

Mechanism of Involvement

No public evidence identified of any direct contract, tender, or memorandum of understanding between Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. and the Israeli Ministry of Defence, IDF, Israel Prison Service, or Israel Border Police. At the Volkswagen Group parent level, Volkswagen-brand vehicles constitute three of four models offered to Israeli military permanent-staff personnel under a 10,000-vehicle leasing scheme imported via Champion Motors.21 The material development is Volkswagen AG’s prospective supply-chain integration with Rafael, an Israeli state-owned defence prime, via the proposed Osnabrück plant conversion for heavy-duty transport trucks, launch platforms, power-generation units, and - per Rafael Chairman Yuval Steinitz - Iron Dome interceptor-missile engines, with explosive/warhead components reportedly slated for a separate Rafael facility.1918 Separately, MAN Truck & Bus (Volkswagen Group, under Traton) supplies bus chassis to Egged Group, whose routes include lines serving West Bank and East Jerusalem settlements - a passenger-transport/settlement-services nexus rather than military-base logistics.2122

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

The Osnabrück arrangement is, as of the most recent reporting, a signed letter of intent rather than a completed transaction or confirmed production start, and remains stalled amid Qatar Investment Authority’s objections.320 Volkswagen’s own public position shifted over roughly seven weeks - from stating in late March 2026 that “the production of weapons by Volkswagen AG remains ruled out” to reporting by May 2026 describing advancing joint-venture talks - but no purchase price, equity split, or contract value has been disclosed by any source reviewed.29118 PAX’s June 2024 “Companies Arming Israel and Their Financiers” report, which focuses on Boeing, General Dynamics, Leonardo, Lockheed Martin, RTX, and Rolls-Royce, returns no mention of Volkswagen, Lamborghini, Audi, Porsche, MAN, or Traton.1516 The UN Special Rapporteur’s A/HRC/59/23 report and the UN OHCHR settlement-business database likewise return no Volkswagen, Lamborghini, Audi, or MAN entries.171314 No dedicated BDS Movement or institutional-divestment campaign specifically targeting Lamborghini, or Volkswagen Group over the Rafael/Iron Dome matter, was identified despite the deal’s high media visibility.

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Rafael Advanced Defense Systems (prospective Volkswagen AG counterparty, Osnabrück); Champion Motors (VW Group Israeli distributor, military leasing scheme); MAN Truck & Bus / Traton (Volkswagen Group subsidiary, riot-vehicle chassis); Egged Group (Israeli bus operator, settlement routes); Qatar Investment Authority (Volkswagen shareholder objecting to the Rafael deal). No entity at the Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. brand level is documented in this domain.

Digital: Digital

Mechanism of Involvement

The one Israeli-origin technology relationship in which Lamborghini is explicitly named is Mobileye: on 20 March 2024, Volkswagen Group and Mobileye (Jerusalem-headquartered, Intel-majority-owned) announced intensified collaboration naming Audi, Bentley, Lamborghini, and Porsche as the four premium brands to integrate Mobileye SuperVision and Chauffeur ADAS systems, built on EyeQ6 High silicon via CARIAD’s E3 1.2 architecture.4535 As of Mobileye’s Q1 2026 reporting, the programme remains on track for planned 2027 start of production.36 All other Israeli-tech relationships in Lamborghini’s corporate chain sit at Volkswagen Group or CARIAD level: Cymotive Technologies (Tel Aviv cybersecurity JV, co-founded by former senior Shin Bet officials, now subject to a staged acquisition by India’s KPIT Technologies);23243334 Innoviz Technologies (CARIAD-selected direct LiDAR supplier, founded by former IDF intelligence-technology officers);2537 Konnect (VW Group’s Tel Aviv innovation hub);38 and Porsche Digital/Ventures (Tel Aviv office, minority stakes in TriEye and Anagog).39

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

Mobileye, Innoviz, Cymotive, Konnect, and Porsche Digital are all Volkswagen Group, CARIAD, or sibling-brand (Porsche) acts, not Lamborghini-specific procurement; no specific Lamborghini production model has yet been publicly confirmed for the Mobileye system, a disclosure-timing gap rather than a withdrawal. Cipia’s July 2024 driver-monitoring design win with “a world-leading European luxury sports car OEM” names no specific manufacturer, and no public source confirms Lamborghini as that OEM - this is flagged as an inference, not an attributed fact.40 No public evidence identified of Lamborghini or Volkswagen Group operating, leasing, or co-locating data-centre infrastructure in Israel, or of Lamborghini owner/vehicle data being processed within Israeli jurisdiction; Lamborghini Connect operates on the VW Group connected-vehicle architecture, hosted via AWS in European regions.4142 Any AWS overlap with Israel’s Project Nimbus government-cloud contract is an indirect, shared-provider commercial relationship, not direct Volkswagen Group participation.43 No published NGO investigation, academic study, or UN report specifically addressing Lamborghini’s technology relationships with the Israeli state was identified, and no organised BDS campaign names Lamborghini for chain-level Israeli-vendor relationships.

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Mobileye (Jerusalem; named alongside Lamborghini); Innoviz Technologies (Rosh Ha’Ain; CARIAD-level); Cymotive Technologies (Tel Aviv/Wolfsburg; VW Group-level, ex-Shin Bet founders); KPIT Technologies (Cymotive acquirer); Konnect (VW Group Tel Aviv hub); Porsche Digital/Ventures (TriEye, Anagog stakes); Cipia (unconfirmed OEM inference); Guardian Optical/Gentex (no confirmed Lamborghini link).

Economic: Economic

Mechanism of Involvement

Lamborghini has no official Israeli importer, unlike Ferrari and Bentley; the brand reaches the Israeli market solely via parallel import through Hinoma Motors and unnamed micro-importers.67 At the Volkswagen Group parent level, the Who Profits company profile documents at least eleven Israeli entities - Konnect, Porsche Digital Israel, Cymotive Technologies (40% Volkswagen-owned), and passive minority stakes in Autonomous Mobility Israel (33.33%), Griiip (4.89%), Anagog (4.74%), Tactile Mobility (11.14%), and TriEye (3.41%) - none tied specifically to the Lamborghini brand.21 Volkswagen AG’s ownership structure includes Porsche SE (~53.3% voting rights), the State of Lower Saxony (~11.8–20% voting rights, statutory veto), and Qatar Investment Authority (~14.6–17% voting rights, two supervisory-board seats).10 The prospective Rafael/Osnabrück transaction is likewise a Group-level, not brand-level, capital exposure.1302

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

No public evidence identified of direct capital investment by Lamborghini itself - factories, data centres, logistics hubs, or real estate - within Israel or the occupied territories. Lamborghini holds no Israeli subsidiary, office, warehouse, or documented workforce; all identified Israeli equity positions are Volkswagen Group- or Porsche-level portfolio holdings, not Lamborghini acquisitions. No public evidence identified of Lamborghini or Volkswagen Group holding Israeli sovereign bonds, Israel Bonds, or Israel-focused investment funds; PAX’s 2024 review of financiers underwriting Israeli-war-bond debt names banks such as BNP Paribas, Deutsche Bank, Barclays, UBS, Crédit Agricole and insurer Allianz, but does not name Volkswagen or any Volkswagen Group financial entity.1516 Lamborghini is not listed in the UN OHCHR settlement-business database.1314 Notably, Qatar Investment Authority - the Volkswagen shareholder most directly positioned to benefit from or object to the Rafael arrangement - was reported as opposing the deal on diplomatic grounds tied to Qatar-Israel relations, not human-rights grounds.203

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Champion Motors (VW/Audi/Škoda/SEAT importer, not Lamborghini); Hinoma Motors (Lamborghini parallel importer); Konnect; Porsche Digital Israel; Cymotive Technologies/KPIT; Autonomous Mobility Israel; Griiip; Anagog; Tactile Mobility; TriEye; Porsche SE; State of Lower Saxony; Qatar Investment Authority; Rafael Advanced Defense Systems.

Political: Political

Mechanism of Involvement

No public evidence identified of any Automobili Lamborghini statement on the Israel-Hamas conflict or Gaza since October 2023; Lamborghini’s news channel over this period carries only product, motorsport, and sustainability content.44 In April 2026 Lamborghini’s CEO described Middle East deliveries as “at a standstill,” attributed to regional conflict and shipping-logistics disruption rather than framed as a policy stance.31 No official Lamborghini-authorised dealership exists in Israel; the identifiable presence is the parallel importer Hinoma Motors.6 At the parent/sibling level, Who Profits attributes riot-control chassis supply (MAN Truck & Bus) and Israeli Ministry of Defence leasing-fleet vehicles to Volkswagen Group, and Volkswagen AG entered the 2026 Rafael/Iron Dome letter of intent - both flagged as chain context, not Lamborghini acts.213045 Lamborghini’s one police relationship is domestic Italian - supplying Huracán/Urus vehicles to Italy’s Polizia di Stato since 2004, with no Israel nexus.46

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

Lamborghini’s documented 2022 suspension of business with Russia and humanitarian donation to UNHCR demonstrates the company does take conflict-related corporate action when it chooses to - making the absence of any comparable Israel/Gaza statement, suspension, or donation a documented silence rather than an absence of capacity to act.8 Lamborghini files no independent lobbying disclosures; lobbying for the portfolio is conducted at Volkswagen Group level on automotive regulation, emissions, and trade, with no Middle East policy identified. No public evidence identified of Lamborghini corporate donations or sponsorships directed to Israeli parastatal bodies, settlement-associated organisations, or military-welfare funds. CEO Stephan Winkelmann’s documented public commentary concerns electrification, trade and tariff policy, and brand strategy, with no personal political activity regarding the Israel-Palestine conflict identified.1211 Notably, Qatar Investment Authority - a Volkswagen Group shareholder - has publicly pushed back against the parent’s 2026 Rafael/Iron Dome plan.20

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Stephan Winkelmann (CEO); Hinoma Motors; Polizia di Stato (Italy, no Israel nexus); MAN Truck & Bus; Champion Motors; Volkswagen AG; Rafael Advanced Defense Systems; Qatar Investment Authority; State of Lower Saxony; Porsche SE.

BDS-1000 Score (V4)

DomainIMPV-Domain Score
Military5.503.507.502.75
Digital1.501.001.500.05
Economic6.504.506.804.06
Political5.504.507.503.54

V_MAX is driven by Economic (4.06), reflecting Lamborghini’s ownership-chain embedding within Volkswagen Group’s broader Israeli investment and market-access footprint (Konnect, Porsche Digital, Cymotive, minority tech stakes, and Champion Motors’ distribution role), even though none of these are Lamborghini-brand acquisitions or subsidiaries. Military and Political sit in the low-to-mid range, reflecting a real but exclusively parent-level and largely unexecuted (letter-of-intent-stage) military/political nexus, while Digital is near-zero, reflecting that Lamborghini’s only brand-specific digital nexus is a naming inclusion in a not-yet-deployed ADAS programme. The resulting composite of 333 places Lamborghini in Tier D (Moderate) - a documented but attenuated, largely derivative nexus rather than a direct or extensive one. Scoring follows the scale-free Impact × Magnitude/Proximity methodology, applied strictly to evidence surfaced in the four domain audits and vetted by human review.

Methodology Note

End Notes

Footnotes

  1. https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/israel-security/2026-05-01/ty-article/.premium/israeli-firm-rafael-buys-german-factory-from-volkswagen-for-iron-dome-parts/0000019d-e3c1-d153-a3df-e3efb4730000 ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  2. https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2026/05/21/israeli-firm-purchases-german-factory-from-volkswagen-to-build-iron-dome-parts/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  3. https://www.marketscreener.com/news/insider-questions-from-vw-shareholder-qatar-delay-deal-with-rafael-for-osnabruck-plant-ce7f5cddda8af22c ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  4. https://ir.mobileye.com/news-releases/news-release-details/automated-driving-volkswagen-group-intensifies-collaboration ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  5. https://www.volkswagen-group.com/en/press-releases/automated-driving-volkswagen-group-intensifies-collaboration-with-mobileye-18290 ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  6. https://hinomamotors.com/?page_id=1037&lang=en ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7

  7. https://www.calcalist.co.il/local_news/car/article/bkry ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7

  8. https://www.carscoops.com/2022/03/lamborghini-and-ferrari-suspend-business-with-russia-as-both-make-humanitarian-donations-to-ukraine/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  9. https://www.lamborghini.com/en-en/brand/company ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  10. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Group ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  11. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephan_Winkelmann ↩ ↩2

  12. https://fortune.com/2025/08/28/lamborghini-ceo-tariffs-trump-eu-imports-cars/ ↩ ↩2

  13. https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2025/09/un-human-rights-office-updates-database-businesses-involved-israeli-settlements ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  14. https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/israelopt-un-updates-database-of-businesses-involved-in-illegal-israeli-settlements-listing-158-enterprises-from-11-countries/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  15. https://paxforpeace.nl/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/06/The-Companies-Arming-Israel-and-Their-Financiers-June-2024.pdf ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  16. https://paxforpeace.nl/publications/the-companies-arming-israel-and-their-financiers/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  17. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/sessions-regular/session59/advance-version/a-hrc-59-23-aev.pdf ↩ ↩2

  18. https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2026/05/21/israeli-firm-purchases-german-factory-from-volkswagen-to-build-iron-dome-parts/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  19. https://www.jpost.com/international/article-891107 ↩ ↩2

  20. https://cryptobriefing.com/volkswagen-qatar-iron-dome-rafael-pushback/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  21. https://www.whoprofits.org/companies/company/7374 ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8

  22. https://investigate.afsc.org/company/volkswagen ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  23. https://www.calcalistech.com/ctechnews/article/b1mfbzyczl ↩ ↩2

  24. https://www.securityweek.com/volkswagen-israeli-experts-launch-automotive-security-firm/ ↩ ↩2

  25. https://ir.innoviz.tech/news-events/press-releases/detail/73/cariad-se-selects-innoviz-as-direct-lidar-supplier-for-the ↩ ↩2

  26. https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/customer-data-from-800-000-electric-cars-and-owners-exposed-online/ ↩

  27. https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/security-aviation/2026-03-25/ty-article/report-volkswagen-in-talks-to-manufacture-iron-dome-parts-at-german-plant/0000019d-2416-d77a-a7ff-fff670830000 ↩

  28. https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2026/03/26/volkswagen-in-talks-to-make-iron-dome-parts-at-struggling-german-auto-plant-report/ ↩

  29. https://www.autoevolution.com/news/vw-says-it-has-no-plans-to-make-weapons-after-rumors-of-talks- ↩ ↩2

  30. https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20260430-israeli-defense-firm-rafael-eyes-takeover-of-vws-osnabruck-factory-german-lawmaker-says/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  31. https://www.agbi.com/retail/2026/04/lamborghini-deliveries-and-sales-in-middle-east-at-standstill/ ↩ ↩2

  32. https://www.jpost.com/international/article-891107 ↩

  33. https://www.kpit.com/news/kpit-to-acquire-strategic-stake-in-cymotive-strengthening-ai-led-automotive-cybersecurity-capabilities/ ↩ ↩2

  34. https://www.autocarpro.in/news/kpit-technologies-to-acquire-israeli-cybersecurity-firm-cymotive-in-multi-stage-deal-132461 ↩ ↩2

  35. https://www.calcalistech.com/ctechnews/article/by6efx00rp ↩

  36. https://ir.mobileye.com/news-releases/news-release-details/mobileye-releases-first-quarter-2026-results-updates-full-year ↩

  37. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1835654/000117891325000817/zk2532805.htm ↩

  38. https://www.automotiveworld.com/news-releases/konnect-volkswagen-group-campus-tel-aviv/ ↩

  39. https://newsroom.porsche.com/en/2022/company/porsche-digital-porsche-ventures-cooperation-location-tel-aviv-investment-activities-cybersecurity-experts-30301.html ↩

  40. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cipia-awarded-design-win-for-leading-european-luxury-sports-car-oem-302191781.html ↩

  41. https://www.lamborghini.com/en-en/ownership/lamborghini-connect ↩

  42. https://www.volkswagen-group.com/en/press-releases/more-efficient-smarter-more-resilient-volkswagen-group-collaborates-with-aws-to-help-transform-production-for-the-age-of-ai-19774 ↩

  43. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Nimbus ↩

  44. https://www.lamborghini.com/en-en/news ↩

  45. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-05-13/volkswagen-rafael-near-deal-for-iron-dome-production-in-germany ↩

  46. https://www.lamborghini.com/en-en/news/automobili-lamborghini-and-italian-state-police-20-years-together ↩