INDEX / DIRECTORY / LUFTHANSA

Lufthansa

Airlines 143 CITED SOURCES UPDATED 2026-09-08 METHOD V6.5
BDS-1000 Score 297 /1000 D Tier D - Moderate
Military ↗ 2.00 Digital ↗ 0.00 Economic ↗ 2.75 Political ↗ 3.25
OWNERSHIP TREE 33 brands and group businesses View all

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Key Findings

  • Economic: Lufthansa Group maintains commercial passenger and cargo operations serving Tel Aviv, using QAS for Lufthansa passenger ground services and Swissport Cargo Services Israel W/H Security for Lufthansa Cargo import/export handling; the evidence does not identify settlement-linked consignments or Israel-specific revenue.1, 2
  • Military: Investigations by The Ditch reported Lufthansa carriage of IDF-bound F-35 components through Irish airspace; the reviewed record does not include independently retrieved shipment manifests or an enforcement finding. Separately, Lufthansa Technik’s verified Elbit J-MUSIC integration concerns German-government aircraft.3, 4, 5
  • Political: Lufthansa Technik supported the July 2025 launch of ELNET Germany’s Security and Defense Initiative; the available source does not specify whether that support was financial, in-kind, or institutional.6
  • Not found: No public evidence identified of Lufthansa Group contracts with the Israeli Ministry of Defence, IDF, Israeli intelligence or law-enforcement bodies, or of Israeli-origin digital technology deployed in Lufthansa’s environment.7, 8

Target Profile

FieldDetail
Company NameDeutsche Lufthansa AG (Lufthansa Group)
JurisdictionGermany; incorporated in Germany and registered with Cologne Local Court under HRB 2168.9
HeadquartersCologne, Germany.9
SectorCommercial aviation group operating passenger-airline, logistics/cargo, and maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) businesses.10
OwnershipFrankfurt-listed parent. The shareholder disclosure current to 1 July 2026 identifies Kühne Aviation GmbH (20.00%), The Capital Group Companies, Inc. (5.06%), BlackRock, Inc. (3.12%), and Causeway Capital Holdings LLC (3.02%).11
Key Executives / GovernanceCarsten Spohr (CEO), Michael Niggemann (HR and Legal), Till Streichert (CFO), Grazia Vittadini (Technology), and Dieter Vranckx (Commercial). Johannes Teyssen chairs the Supervisory Board; Karl Gernandt is a Supervisory Board member and associated with Kühne Aviation/Kühne Holding.12, 13
Israeli-Nexus SummaryDocumented nexus consists principally of Tel Aviv passenger/cargo operations, commercial airline IT and historic MRO arrangements with EL AL, cargo-related allegations and reporting, and limited Lufthansa Technik/Elbit and ELNET-related defence-industry interfaces; no verified Israeli state-security contract was identified.1, 5, 14, 6, 7

Key Facts:

Executive Summary

Lufthansa Group is a German commercial aviation group whose documented Israel-related economic activity is centred on air transport, cargo logistics, airport-facing service relationships, airline IT, and MRO. Its carriers have repeatedly suspended and resumed Tel Aviv services on aviation-safety grounds since October 2023. Lufthansa Cargo resumed freighter operations to Tel Aviv in 2025 and announced a further three-weekly Frankfurt–Tel Aviv–Cairo Boeing 777F schedule effective 23 June 2026. Lufthansa’s passenger ground-services interface at Ben Gurion is identified as QAS, while Lufthansa Cargo identifies Swissport Cargo Services Israel W/H Security as its local import and export handler.17, 1, 2

The verified defence-company relationships concern Lufthansa Technik. In December 2024, Germany’s BAAINBw commissioned Lufthansa Technik to integrate Israeli manufacturer Elbit Systems’ J-MUSIC directed-infrared countermeasure system on three German-government A350 aircraft. This is a German-government self-protection programme, not evidence of supply to Israel. Separately, Lufthansa Technik and Elbit signed a January 2024 MOU relating to a proposed offer of Hermes 900 Starliner UAS for the German Navy; contemporary reporting stated that no formal contract had been signed, and the supplied record contains no later confirmation that it became binding.5, 14

The record also contains reported military-cargo links. Retained reporting states that Lufthansa Cargo carried military and security-related cargo to and from Israel until its reported December 2025 halt, after which it reportedly resumed specified shipments under a permit-based process. Investigations by The Ditch alleged that Lufthansa cargo flights carried IDF-bound F-35 components through Irish airspace between 2021 and February 2025. These reports support scrutiny of carriage activity, but do not establish commodity classifications, licences, consignors, consignees, end-users, or an enforcement finding against Lufthansa. No Irish prosecution, official enforcement decision, judicial finding, or retrieved licence record concerning the identified Lufthansa flights was found in the reviewed evidence.18, 19, 3

The audits do not support claims that Lufthansa is an Israeli defence manufacturer, supplier of lethal weapons to Israel, settlement operator, Israeli state financier, or provider of digital surveillance or AI systems to Israeli security bodies. No public evidence identified of a Lufthansa Group contract with the Israeli Ministry of Defence, IDF, Israeli intelligence agencies, Israeli law-enforcement bodies, or settlement-linked operations. The Group’s documented use of biometric, cloud, and aviation IT providers does not establish Israeli-origin technology deployment; its Lufthansa Systems agreement with EL AL concerns airline-operations software and does not establish military or state-security use.7, 8, 20

On the fixed, human-vetted V6.5 assessment, Lufthansa receives a BRS of 297, placing it in Tier D (Moderate Complicity). The score reflects the evidence-supported combination of continuing Israel-related commercial operations, reported military/security cargo carriage with material evidentiary limits, and limited but documented defence-industry/political interfaces. It does not treat unverified allegations, German/NATO-only defence work, historic relationships of uncertain current status, or unsubstantiated Israeli digital and settlement claims as established conduct.

Timeline of Relevant Events

DateEvent
4 May 2022Lufthansa ground staff in Frankfurt collectively barred visibly Jewish passengers from a Budapest connection following alleged inbound mask-rule non-compliance; the later US DOT action concerned this incident.21
12 May 2022CEO Carsten Spohr personally apologised to Rabbi Yehuda Teichtal, stated that antisemitism had no place at Lufthansa, and said implicated employees had been suspended.22
15 September 2022Lufthansa Group adopted the IHRA working definition of antisemitism.23
9 October 2023Lufthansa Group carriers suspended scheduled Tel Aviv services, citing safety.17
8 January 2024Lufthansa Group announced a partial Tel Aviv resumption of roughly 20 weekly connections, about 30% of normal capacity.24
January 2024Lufthansa Technik and Elbit Systems signed an MOU concerning an offer of up to eight Hermes 900 Starliner UAS for the German Navy; no formal contract had been signed as of the contemporaneous reporting.14
11 April 2024Lufthansa Systems announced that EL AL signed for NetLine/Ops++ on the Global Aviation Cloud, in addition to existing Lido Flight 4D and NetLine/Crew use.20
15 October 2024The US Department of Transportation imposed a $4 million civil penalty on Deutsche Lufthansa AG relating to the 2022 discrimination incident.25
19 December 2024BAAINBw commissioned Lufthansa Technik to equip three German-government A350s with Elbit J-MUSIC self-protection systems.5
January 2025Lufthansa acquired 41% of ITA Airways.15
10 July 2025ELNET’s Security and Defense Initiative launched with Lufthansa Technik identified as a supporter; the source did not specify the form of support.6
August 2025Retained reporting stated that Lufthansa Cargo had resumed regular Tel Aviv freighter operations, operating seven weekly flights.26
Around 5–9 December 2025Lufthansa Cargo reportedly imposed an immediate embargo on military- and security-related cargo to and from Tel Aviv, citing UK export-control requirements and related sanctions.18
17 December 2025Declassified UK reported Lufthansa Cargo’s statement that specified military/security shipments could resume through a per-shipment permit process.19
23 June 2026Lufthansa Cargo announced three weekly Boeing 777F Frankfurt–Tel Aviv–Cairo rotations following a security analysis with responsible authorities.27

Corporate Overview

Deutsche Lufthansa AG is the ultimate parent of Lufthansa Group. The Group operates passenger airlines, logistics/cargo, and MRO activities, with a structure including Lufthansa Airlines, SWISS, Austrian Airlines, Brussels Airlines, Eurowings, Lufthansa Cargo, Lufthansa Technik, and a 41% joint-venture interest in ITA Airways.10, 15 The 2025 reporting identified 49 domestic and 182 foreign consolidated companies at 31 December 2025.9

The reviewed group-company disclosures did not identify an Israeli-registered Group company, Israeli-domiciled subsidiary, Israeli branch, local employer, franchisee, licensee, or controlled Israeli operating subsidiary. This is a reporting-date conclusion from the reviewed disclosures, not proof that no non-material local arrangement, agent, contractor, or other relationship exists; no official Israeli Registrar of Companies extract was supplied.9, 28

Lufthansa’s Israel-facing commercial arrangements documented in the audits are operational rather than ownership-based. The Israel Airports Authority lists Lufthansa at Ben Gurion Airport and identifies QAS as its passenger ground-services provider. Lufthansa Cargo’s Tel Aviv station page identifies Swissport Cargo Services Israel W/H Security as the import and export handler. These listings establish service-provider interfaces, not Lufthansa ownership of QAS, Swissport Cargo Services Israel, or airport facilities.1, 2

Two EL AL relationships are documented but require temporal caution. A 2017 Lufthansa Technik Total Component Support agreement for EL AL’s Boeing 787 fleet was announced as a 15-year arrangement, including component inventory at Ben Gurion and access to Lufthansa Technik’s global parts pools. The audits identified no termination, but did not verify present execution, staffing, inventory ownership, or payments. Lufthansa Systems’ April 2024 EL AL NetLine/Ops++ agreement is verified as airline operational software provision; it does not establish a passenger marketing codeshare, Israeli government customer, or military use.29, 20

Domain Summaries

Military: Military

Mechanism of Involvement

Lufthansa Technik, a wholly owned Group MRO subsidiary, operates Lufthansa Technik Defense, an explicit defence business focused on the German Armed Forces and NATO partners. Its identified programmes include work connected with German/NATO-oriented P-8A Poseidon, PEGASUS, CH-47F, A310 tanker, and German F-35 support. These programmes demonstrate defence-sector activity but do not, standing alone, establish an Israel/Palestine nexus.30

The clearest documented Israeli defence-company interface is the December 2024 German-government A350 programme. BAAINBw appointed Lufthansa Technik as general contractor to integrate Elbit’s J-MUSIC defensive countermeasure systems into three German-government aircraft; Airbus supports structural integration. The five-year programme concerns German state aircraft and defensive protection against infrared-guided missiles, rather than a Lufthansa product sold to Israeli forces.5

The second Elbit interface is a January 2024 MOU between Lufthansa Technik and Elbit concerning a proposal to provide up to eight Hermes 900 Starliner aircraft for the German Navy. The contemplated Lufthansa Technik role was MRO and crew training, while Elbit would manufacture the aircraft. The MOU is verified; an executed contract is not. No post-June 2024 material in the supplied evidence confirms that the proposal proceeded, ended, or remains active.14

Lufthansa Cargo’s Israel military/security cargo record is mixed and incomplete. Retained reporting says it transported military and security-related cargo to and from Israel until December 2025, paused it, and subsequently applied a shipment-by-shipment permit process. Separate investigative reporting alleged at least seven Lufthansa cargo flights carrying IDF-bound F-35 components through Irish airspace from 2021 to February 2025. The alleged role is freight carriage, not manufacture, brokering, or aircraft maintenance.18, 19, 3

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

Lufthansa’s strongest defence is that it is fundamentally an airline, logistics, and MRO group - not a manufacturer, licensed seller, or prime contractor for lethal weapons or Israeli strategic platforms. No public evidence identified that Lufthansa Group manufactured, marketed, brokered, or sold weapons, munitions, explosives, warheads, or tactical products to Israeli security forces.7

The verified Elbit work is directed to German government or prospective German Navy use. The German A350 programme is a defensive-system integration project for German aircraft, not an Israeli end-user arrangement. The Hermes 900 relationship is a non-binding MOU, with no verified contract or delivery. Other Lufthansa Technik defence programmes in the evidence concern German, US, European, or NATO customers, without documented Israeli end users.5, 14, 30

For cargo, the cited reports do not provide verified Lufthansa shipment manifests, licence numbers, precise commodity descriptions, end-user certificates, consignors, consignees, or proof of post-December-2025 carriage. Irish parliamentary statements and Government remarks record political and regulatory scrutiny, but are not enforcement decisions or judicial findings against Lufthansa. No public evidence identified of a German, UK, US, Irish, or Israeli export-control enforcement action, prosecution, licence revocation, or judicial proceeding naming Lufthansa in relation to Israeli military cargo.3, 31

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Digital: Digital

Mechanism of Involvement

Lufthansa Group’s documented technology stack includes Lufthansa Systems’ Global Aviation Cloud using Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud; SAP data and ERP systems; Amadeus passenger-service/distribution systems; and aviation IT work with Infosys. The Group also uses biometric services involving NEC, SITA, FastID, HID, and other non-Israeli named providers.32, 33

The direct Israel-facing digital finding is Lufthansa Systems’ April 2024 EL AL agreement for NetLine/Ops++ on the Global Aviation Cloud, alongside EL AL’s use of Lido Flight 4D and NetLine/Crew. The announced functions concern airline operations control, maintenance planning, crew rotations, and passenger connections. The source does not establish Israeli state-security access, surveillance deployment, military use, or a passenger codeshare.20

Lufthansa’s broader AI and data activities include MRO AI work with Microsoft Azure AI Services, predictive-maintenance applications, passenger-facing and operational AI pilots, and biometric travel processes. The audits do not document an Israeli state-security application of these systems.32, 33

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

No public evidence identified of a direct Lufthansa licensing, subscription, implementation, or managed-service relationship with named Israeli-origin cybersecurity or enterprise-technology vendors, including Check Point, Wiz, SentinelOne, CyberArk, NICE, Verint, or Claroty. No public evidence identified that Lufthansa uses Israeli-origin facial recognition, behavioural analytics, predictive policing, social-media monitoring, workforce surveillance, gait analysis, or retail analytics.8

No public evidence identified that Lufthansa operates a data centre in Israel, uses an Israeli sovereign cloud, participates in Project Nimbus, or provides cloud, data-residency, AI/ML, surveillance, intelligence, or autonomous-targeting services to Israeli state or military bodies.8 Lufthansa’s public reporting does not disclose complete cloud-region inventories, data-centre locations, support-access routes, processor lists, or cross-border access arrangements. That disclosure gap means the audit cannot exclude indirect vendor relationships, but it is not affirmative evidence of such relationships.8

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Economic: Economic

Mechanism of Involvement

Lufthansa Group’s principal documented economic nexus is provision of passenger transport, cargo logistics, airport-related commercial activity, and selected airline MRO/IT services connected to Israel. Passenger and cargo operations to Tel Aviv have been subject to multiple security-related suspensions and resumptions since October 2023. The Group’s June–August 2026 restart plan included Austrian, Lufthansa Cargo, Lufthansa, Eurowings, and SWISS services, while Brussels Airlines remained temporarily suspended under the then-announced plan.17, 27

Lufthansa Cargo’s Tel Aviv station supports import/export handling and lists pharmaceutical, frozen, and perishables capabilities. Its cited local handler is Swissport Cargo Services Israel W/H Security. The available material establishes cargo-route capability, but not individual consignors, customs entries, commodity provenance, settlement origin, or revenue by route.1

Lufthansa Technik’s 2017 EL AL Total Component Support agreement was announced as a 15-year Boeing 787 arrangement. It included inventory at Ben Gurion and access to Lufthansa Technik’s global parts pools. The term extends into the review period, but current execution, staffing, payment, and inventory details were not verified. The Group also provides EL AL airline-operations software through Lufthansa Systems, as described above.29, 20

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

No public evidence identified of Lufthansa Group directly sourcing from named Israeli agricultural exporters; importing or reselling settlement-origin consumer goods; holding equity in Israeli ground-handling or airport-services companies; directly underwriting Israeli state, military, or settlement operations; or holding Israeli corporate equity, sovereign bonds, Israel Bonds, Israeli defence-company lending, or other Israel-linked financial instruments.1, 9, 28

No reviewed primary source identifies Lufthansa services, suppliers, cargo contracts, facilities, revenues, or operating activity specifically connected to West Bank settlements, East Jerusalem settlements, the Golan Heights, or other occupied territory. The audit’s document checks did not find Lufthansa in specified OHCHR, DBIO, PAX, Who Profits, Amnesty, Human Rights Watch, Al-Haq, KLP, or BDS materials. This is a bounded document-review result, not proof of real-world absence.34

No Israel-specific revenue, operating profit, tax, repatriation, route profitability, or settlement-provenance figure is publicly disclosed. Lufthansa’s €39.6 billion 2025 revenue is Group-wide and cannot be attributed to Israeli operations. The Group reported aggregate Middle East cancellation-related lost earnings for 2024, but not an Israel-only amount.35, 36

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Political: Political

Mechanism of Involvement

Lufthansa’s located public communications concerning Israel have been framed around operations and aviation safety. The 2025 Annual Report refers to conflict in the Middle East and Israel-Iran military escalation, but a full-text search of that report returned no “Palest” match. This is limited to the report and does not establish corporate silence across all communications. No public statement addressing Gaza, Palestinian civilian harm, the 7 October attack, or a political settlement was located in the retained record.38

The principal political/associational evidence is ELNET Germany’s July 2025 statement that Lufthansa Technik supported the launch of ELNET’s Security and Defense Initiative alongside Israeli and German defence-sector participants. ELNET described the initiative as intended to deepen German-Israeli strategic dialogue, develop policy recommendations, and translate cooperation into projects. The source establishes support for the launch, but not the nature, amount, duration, or purpose of Lufthansa Technik’s support beyond that event statement.6

The Political audit also retains the 2022 Frankfurt discrimination incident as a governance and public-accountability event. In October 2024, the US DOT issued Consent Order 2024-10-7 and imposed a $4 million civil penalty on Deutsche Lufthansa AG. Lufthansa did not admit violations, denied employee discrimination, and disputed US jurisdiction over conduct in Germany.25

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

No public evidence identified of Lufthansa Group directly financing Israeli political parties, settlements, or Israeli state bodies, or lobbying the EU or German government for a position on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. No public evidence identified of Israeli state-branding partnerships, co-marketing with Israeli government tourism bodies, or co-branding agreements with Israeli state entities.38

The Group’s Tel Aviv suspensions and resumptions were presented in the evidence as safety and operational decisions, not as political or solidarity actions. Its German/NATO defence relationships and government-facing aviation work do not by themselves establish an Israel/Palestine political nexus.17, 30, 38

Regarding the 2022 discrimination matter, the company’s strongest recorded defence is its denial that employees discriminated and its jurisdictional objection. The record also documents Spohr’s apology, suspension of implicated staff, later IHRA adoption, and anti-discrimination/antisemitism initiatives. These remedial steps do not negate the DOT penalty, but they are material to a complete account.22, 23, 25

Named Entities and Evidence Map

BDS-1000 Score

Method: V6.5.

DomainIMPV-Domain Score
Military3.504.009.002.00
Digital0.000.000.000.00
Economic3.505.509.002.75
Political6.503.509.003.25

Political is the highest domain because Lufthansa Technik’s documented support for the ELNET initiative launch constitutes institutional legitimation. The record establishes one support event, not an official state partnership, a Lufthansa lobbying or leadership role, funding, or sustained advocacy; cargo carriage and the discrimination/governance record add no political scoring weight.6 Economic reflects direct recurring transport, with the reduced three-weekly cargo schedule and phased passenger restoration limiting current scale.17, 27 Military reflects reported physical freight carriage of IDF-bound components at the logistical-sustainment band, not manufacture or supply of those components; German-end-use Elbit work does not independently support that score.3, 4, 5 Digital is zero under the current V6.5 target/outcome boundary: EL AL civilian operations software is documented, but an Israeli state, security, occupation or settler digital capability, or digital harm to Palestinians, is not established.20

V6.5 is scale-free and evidence-only: scores reflect vetted activity type, scale, and directness rather than unsupported inference, advocacy claims, or transitive association.

Methodology Note

Footnotes

  1. https://www.lufthansa-cargo.com/en/network/maps/stations/details/TLV ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7

  2. https://www.iaa.gov.il/en/companies/airline-companies/lufthansa/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  3. https://www.ontheditch.com/german-national-airline-resumes/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  4. https://www.ontheditch.com/german-national-airline/ ↩ ↩2

  5. https://www.lufthansa-technik.com/en/equipment-of-the-german-air-force-a350s-with-a-self-defense-system-1beef66fb60aeb64 ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9

  6. https://elnet-deutschland.de/themen/politik/elnet-begruendet-neue-security-defense-initiative/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  7. https://report.lufthansagroup.com/ecomaXL/files/Lufthansa_GB_2025_EN.pdf ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  8. https://report.lufthansagroup.com/2025/annual-report/en/consolidated-financial-statements/notes-to-the-consolidated-financial-statements/general-disclosures/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  9. https://report.lufthansagroup.com/2025/annual-report/en/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  10. https://www.lufthansagroup.com/en/company/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  11. https://investor-relations.lufthansagroup.com/en/share-bonds/shareholder-structure.html ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  12. https://investor-relations.lufthansagroup.com/en/corporate-governance/executive-board.html ↩

  13. https://investor-relations.lufthansagroup.com/en/corporate-governance/supervisory-board.html ↩ ↩2

  14. https://www.investing.com/news/stock-market-news/lufthansa-technik-to-work-with-israels-elbit-on-military-drones-3420664 ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  15. https://newsroom.lufthansagroup.com/en/lufthansa-exercises-option-to-acquire-a-majority-stake-in-ita-airways/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  16. https://airinsight.com/german-state-sells-final-stake-in-lufthansa/ ↩

  17. https://newsroom.lufthansagroup.com/en/lufthansa-group-airlines-plan-to-resume-flights - to-tel-aviv/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  18. https://aviation.direct/en/Lufthansa-Cargo-halts-military-transports-to-Tel-Aviv ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  19. https://www.declassifieduk.org/lufthansa-resumes-military-deliveries-to-israel/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  20. https://cdn.lhsystems.com/2024-04/PressNews_EL_AL_Operations_Control.pdf ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9

  21. https://www.cbsnews.com/amp/news/lufthansa-airline-jewish-passengers-penalty ↩

  22. https://liveandletsfly.com/carsten-spohr-rabbi-apology/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  23. https://newsroom.lufthansagroup.com/en/lufthansa-group-adopts-ihra-antisemitism-definition/ ↩ ↩2

  24. https://www.timesofisrael.com/lufthansa-group-and-wizz-air-to-resume-tel-aviv-flights-after-three-month-war-hiatus/ ↩

  25. https://www.regulations.gov/document/DOT-OST-2024-0001-0007 ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  26. https://www.ynetnews.com/article/skafkzqzwl ↩

  27. https://caasint.com/lufthansa-cargo-launches-its-2026-summer-flight-schedule/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  28. https://report.lufthansagroup.com/2025/annual-report/en/consolidated-financial-statements/notes-to-the-consolidated-financial-statements/composition-of-the-group/ ↩ ↩2

  29. https://avitrader.com/2017/07/17/el-al-israel-airlines-and-lufthansa-technik-sign-comprehensive-long-term-agreement/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  30. https://newsroom.lufthansagroup.com/en/lufthansa-group-at-ila-berlin-2026-anniversary-aircraft-and-lufthansa-technik-defense/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  31. https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/question/2024-10-17/52/ ↩

  32. https://www.lhsystems.com/article/lufthansa-systems-announces-partnership-google-cloud-advance-multi-cloud-support-airlines ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  33. https://nectoday.com/star-alliance-biometrics-streamlines-boarding-process-with-nec-idelight-identity-management-platform/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  34. https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/reports/ahrc5923-report-united-nations-high-commissioner-human-rights ↩

  35. https://newsroom.lufthansagroup.com/en/lufthansa-group-increases-operating-profit-by-20-percent-and-achieves-highest-revenue-in-company-history/ ↩

  36. https://report.lufthansagroup.com/2024/annual-report/en/ ↩

  37. https://www.kuehne-holding.com/ueber-uns ↩

  38. https://newsroom.lufthansagroup.com/en/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  39. https://www.ajc.org/news/american-jewish-committee-lufthansa-announce-joint-initiative-to-combat-global-antisemitism ↩