INDEX / DIRECTORY / NISSAN

Nissan

Car Manufacturers 82 CITED SOURCES UPDATED 2026-07-04
BDS-1000 Score 294 /1000 D Tier D - Moderate
Military ↗ 0.00 Digital ↗ 0.16 Economic ↗ 3.47 Political ↗ 3.98

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Nissan Motor Co., Ltd - BDS-1000 Dossier

BDS-1000 ID: 06-main-dossier Subject: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd (TSE: 7201) Compiled from: Military, Digital, Economic, Political domain audits (compiled 2026-06-23) Final BRS: 294 - Tier D (Moderate)

Key Findings

  • Economic: Nissan’s presence in the Israeli consumer market runs through Carasso Motors Ltd, an independently-owned, TASE-listed Israeli importer that has held the Nissan franchise since 1992; Nissan-corporate holds no equity stake in Carasso and earns only an arms-length wholesale margin, filing no Israeli corporate tax return.1
  • Digital: Nissan’s ProPILOT 2.0 driver-assist system, launched on the Skyline in 2019, runs a Mobileye (Jerusalem) EyeQ4 chip alongside Renesas processors, and Nissan co-operates the Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi Alliance Innovation Lab in Tel Aviv, an exclusive partnership with the Israel Innovation Authority running since 2019.23
  • Political: Nissan was named in June 2025 among seven automakers selected by Israel’s Ministry of Finance to help supply roughly 15,000 vehicles to the Israeli government fleet (police, fire, prisons, ministries).4
  • Not found: No public evidence of a direct IDF or Israeli MoD contract, a weapons/defence-primes supply relationship, or listing of Nissan itself (as distinct from its 34%-owned affiliate Mitsubishi Motors) in the OHCHR settlement-business database, the UN Special Rapporteur’s “economy of genocide” report, or Amnesty International’s 2025 corporate-complicity campaign.56

Target Profile

FieldDetail
Company NameNissan Motor Co., Ltd
JurisdictionJapan (incorporated; Tokyo Stock Exchange listed)
HeadquartersYokohama, Japan
SectorPassenger and light-commercial vehicle manufacturing (automaker)
OwnershipPublicly traded, TSE: 7201; cross-shareholding member of the Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance - Renault holds a reduced ~15% Nissan stake post-2023 restructuring (with 28.4% neutralised in a French trust), Nissan holds ~15% of Renault and ~34.01% of Mitsubishi Motors; the French State is Renault’s largest shareholder (~15.01% equity, ~29.05% voting rights under the Florange law), an indirect Alliance-level, not Nissan-specific, state linkage789
Key Executives / GovernanceCEO Ivan Espinosa; Chairman Yasushi Kimura; directors including Bernard Delmas, Keiko Ihara, Motoo Nagai, Andrew House, Brenda Harvey, Teruo Asada, Mariko Tokuno, Valerie Landon, Timothy Ryan, Eiichi Akashi - no public evidence identified of personal donations by any current executive or board member to FIDF, JNF, or Israeli settlement/military-welfare organizations10
Israeli-Nexus SummaryCivilian technology partnership (Mobileye ADAS chip, Alliance Innovation Lab Tel Aviv) and arms-length consumer-market sales via an independent Israeli importer (Carasso Motors); no confirmed military, weapons, or occupation-infrastructure supply relationship

Key Facts:

Executive Summary

Nissan Motor Co., Ltd’s documented relationship to Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories is best characterised as a conventional, arms-length commercial and technology relationship rather than a nexus of military, occupation, or settlement complicity. Across all four domain audits - military, digital, economic, and political - the strongest recurring finding is structural distance: Nissan-corporate does not own, control, or directly staff its Israeli market presence, which is instead operated through Carasso Motors Ltd, an independent, TASE-listed Israeli importer that has held the Nissan franchise since 1992 and bears sole responsibility for Israeli sales, distribution, regulatory compliance, and tax filings.1 No public evidence was identified of Nissan holding equity in Carasso, of Nissan operating an Israeli subsidiary, or of Nissan repatriating profits from the Israeli market.

The most substantive documented vector is technological: Nissan’s ProPILOT 2.0 advanced driver-assistance system integrates a Mobileye (Jerusalem) EyeQ4 chip, a relationship dating to at least 2019 and reflecting industry-wide reliance on Mobileye silicon (also used by BMW, Ford, Volkswagen, and others) rather than an Israel-specific sourcing decision.2 At the Alliance level (jointly with Renault, not Nissan acting unilaterally), the Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi Alliance co-operates the Alliance Innovation Lab Tel Aviv, an exclusive partnership with the Israel Innovation Authority since 2019 that has engaged Israeli startups including Argus Cyber Security, AutoTalks, Karamba Security, and Upstream Security in prototyping and proof-of-concept work; the audits found no evidence that any individual project graduated to confirmed Nissan-brand production deployment beyond the established Mobileye ProPILOT relationship.3 Alliance Ventures has also made minority investments in Israeli automotive-technology funds (Maniv Mobility) and platforms (Otonomo), again at the cross-brand Alliance level rather than Nissan-solo.

Politically, the most concrete finding is Nissan’s June 2025 inclusion among seven automakers selected to help supply roughly 15,000 vehicles to the Israeli government fleet - covering police, fire, prison service, and civil ministries - an award that, per the audits, would be fulfilled through Carasso Motors as importer of record.4 No public evidence was identified of Nissan issuing any corporate statement on the Israel-Gaza conflict since October 2023, in notable contrast to its documented $2.75 million Ukraine relief donation and full 2022 exit from the Russian market following the invasion of Ukraine.1314 No evidence was found of Nissan lobbying, PAC activity, or philanthropic giving directed toward Israeli military, settlement, or advocacy organizations; the Nissan Foundation’s 2024 grant cycle shows no Israel- or Middle East-linked recipients.1516

What is not supported by the evidence is equally important to the record. No public evidence was identified of any direct Nissan defence contract with the Israeli Ministry of Defence or IDF, of Nissan-brand vehicles procured by the IDF as tactical or military variants (IDF light-vehicle acquisitions documented in the audit are Toyota-based or US-supplied), of Nissan supply-chain integration with Israeli defence primes (Elbit Systems, Rafael, IAI), or of Nissan appearing in the OHCHR settlement-business database, the UN Special Rapporteur’s “economy of genocide” report, or Amnesty International’s September 2025 corporate-complicity campaign.1756 A single NGO claim (HonestReporting, alleging a Nissan navigation app omitted Israel) could not be independently corroborated and is carried as unverified.18

Weighed together, these findings - a genuine but civilian and largely arms-length technology and commercial relationship, absent any confirmed military or occupation-infrastructure nexus - support the human-vetted Final V4 score of BRS 294, Tier D (Moderate), driven by the Political domain (V=3.98) and closely followed by Economic (V=3.47), against a Military score of 0.00 and a near-floor Digital score of 0.16.

Timeline of Relevant Events

DateEvent
1991Nissan announces it will begin selling vehicles in Israel (4,000–5,000/year), ending compliance with the Arab League boycott, amid US Congressional and Jewish-organization pressure.1119
1992Carasso Motors Ltd (previously Israel’s Renault importer since 1948) becomes Nissan’s Israeli importer; relationship continues to the present.1
2006 (Jul)Nissan’s Corporate Citizenship Team donates $200,000 to organizations aiding civilians displaced by the Lebanon war; a company representative acknowledges political risk in the decision. Predates current leadership; no evidence of continuation identified.20
2008 (Aug)An Israeli-produced Nissan Tiida TV ad depicting Arab oil-wealthy men attacking the car triggers a Saudi-led Gulf backlash; Nissan pulls the ad from Arab networks and apologises.21222324
2019 (Jun)Alliance Innovation Lab Tel Aviv opens at Atidim Park under partnership with the Israel Innovation Authority, focused on autonomous-driving sensors, cybersecurity, and big data/AI.3
2019Nissan’s ProPILOT 2.0 hands-free highway system, integrating a Mobileye EyeQ4 chip alongside Renesas processors, debuts on the Japan-market Nissan Skyline.2
2021A NissanConnect app distributed via Nissan Middle East (Dubai) reportedly omits Israel from its country list, attributed to a regional distributor decision; not independently corroborated.18
2022 (Oct)Nissan fully exits the Russian market following the invasion of Ukraine, selling assets to state entity NAMI for a nominal sum; donates ~$2.75m to Ukraine relief.1314
2022 (Dec)JASPAR (Japan Automotive Software Platform and Architecture consortium, including Nissan) validates the MIPI A-PHY standard after testing Valens Semiconductor (Israel) chipsets - a standards-body validation, not a confirmed Nissan production-supply contract.25
2023 (Nov)Post-restructuring Renault-Nissan cross-shareholding caps each partner’s exercisable voting rights at 15%.9
2024 (Jun)Israeli startup Kardome selected for the Alliance’s H1st concept vehicle, unveiled at VIVA Technology Paris.26
2025 (Apr)Nissan reported in talks with Saudi Arabia’s Public Investment Fund on a potential partnership; not confirmed completed as of June 2026.27
2025 (Jun)Nissan named among seven automakers selected by Israel’s Ministry of Finance to help supply ~15,000 vehicles to the Israeli government fleet.4

Corporate Overview

Nissan Motor Co., Ltd is a Yokohama-headquartered, Tokyo Stock Exchange-listed passenger and light-commercial vehicle manufacturer operating within the cross-shareholding Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance. Following the 2023 restructuring, Renault holds a reduced ~15% voting stake in Nissan (down from 43.3%, with 28.4% transferred to a neutralised French trust), Nissan holds ~15% of Renault, and Nissan separately holds a 34.01% stake in Mitsubishi Motors Corporation; both partners have agreed to reduce minimum cross-shareholdings toward 10%.97 This is a French, alliance-level governance structure, not evidence of Israeli control of Nissan.

Nissan holds no directly-owned subsidiary in Israel. The Israeli consumer market is served exclusively through Carasso Motors Ltd (TASE: CRSM), an independently-owned, family-controlled (Chairman Yoel Carasso) Israeli importer that has distributed Nissan vehicles since 1992 (and Renault since 1948), employs roughly 1,300–1,500 people, also distributes Infiniti and Dacia, and rebranded its retail/leasing arm as “freesbe” in 2022–2023.128 Institutional shareholders in Carasso include Israeli pension/provident funds (e.g., More Provident Funds & Pension Ltd, ~4.2% stake acquired August 2025).29 Nissan-corporate holds no equity in Carasso; the relationship is a standard manufacturer-importer franchise structurally comparable to Colmobil/Mercedes-Benz or Delek Motors/Mazda in Israel. Revenue to Nissan-corporate is limited to the wholesale price on vehicles sold to Carasso; Israeli VAT, customs duties, and corporate tax on retail sales accrue to Carasso as importer of record, and Nissan files no Israeli corporate tax return.1

The other documented Israeli-territory operational presence is the Alliance Innovation Lab Tel Aviv, co-founded and co-operated by Renault and Nissan jointly (not Nissan-unilateral) at Atidim Park since June 2019, one of only three global Alliance innovation labs (alongside Silicon Valley and Shanghai), operating under Israel’s Technological Innovation Labs programme and reported to have led 30+ collaborative projects with Israeli startups by early 2024, with no evidence of closure identified as of June 2026.330

Domain Summaries

Military: Military

Mechanism of Involvement

No public evidence identified of Nissan Motor Co. holding any direct defence contract with the Israeli Ministry of Defence, the IDF, or any Israeli military procurement body. IDF vehicle acquisitions documented in the audit centre on US-made JLTVs, Israeli-indigenous platforms (Merkava, Namer, Eitan), and Toyota-based light vehicles (the MDT David) - none manufactured or supplied by Nissan.1731 Nissan civilian pickups and SUVs (Navara/Patrol) have been incidentally procured by various militaries worldwide (Denmark, Thailand, Ukraine, Ireland, UN missions), but no public evidence identified of the IDF directly procuring any Nissan platform as a dedicated tactical or military variant.32333435 Nissan does not manufacture munitions, weapons systems, or heavy construction/earth-moving machinery, and no public evidence identified of supply-chain integration with Israeli defence primes (Elbit Systems, Rafael, IAI).

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

Nissan’s product line (passenger cars, light trucks, SUVs) is inherently civilian, and the company’s Israel-market presence is structurally arms-length via an independent importer rather than direct sale to Israeli state or military entities. The only military-adjacent Israel finding - Taavura Holdings, an Israeli logistics company with documented settlement-service involvement, separately marketing Nissan vehicles in Europe through a subsidiary - is a downstream distributor relationship with no evidence that Nissan-corporate has any agreement with or awareness of Taavura’s settlement-related activities.36 The Alliance Innovation Lab Tel Aviv is explicitly civilian-technology focused (autonomous-driving sensors, cybersecurity, big data), and no BDS Movement, USCPR, or Who Profits listing names Nissan.37385

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Digital: Digital

Mechanism of Involvement

Nissan’s ProPILOT 2.0 hands-free highway-assist system (debuted 2019 on the Japan-market Skyline) integrates a Mobileye (Jerusalem, Israel) EyeQ4 system-on-chip alongside Renesas R-Car V2H/RH850 processors, per Renesas’s August 2019 disclosure; earlier ProPilot generations used the EyeQ3.2 Mobileye confirmed in 2022 that Nissan’s EyeQ4-equipped fleets (with BMW and Volkswagen) contributed anonymised data to its Road Experience Management mapping programme.39 No live source confirms whether the current-production Nissan Ariya retains the EyeQ4 architecture or has transitioned to an alternative chip; the 2019 disclosure remains the most recent confirmed public data point.40 JASPAR (a Japanese automotive-standards consortium listing Nissan) validated the MIPI A-PHY standard in December 2022 after testing Valens Semiconductor (Israel) chipsets - a standards-body validation, not a confirmed production-supply contract.25 At the Alliance level, Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi’s Alliance Innovation Lab Tel Aviv has engaged Israeli cybersecurity and connected-vehicle startups (Argus/now PlaxidityX-Continental, Upstream Security, AutoTalks, Karamba Security) in prototyping, and Alliance Ventures backed Otonomo (Israel) and Maniv Mobility (Tel Aviv VC) - but a confirmed December 2022 Otonomo fleet-data deployment was contracted with Renault Group specifically, not Nissan.4142

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

Nissan’s core telematics stack (NissanConnect) runs on US-domiciled vendors - SiriusXM and, in Europe, Microsoft Azure - with no Israeli-domiciled vendor identified as a primary telematics supplier.4344 No public evidence identified of Nissan deploying Israeli surveillance, biometric, or retail-analytics technology, and no evidence of Nissan-Israel cloud/data-residency arrangements. Argus Cyber Security, though founded by IDF Unit 8200 alumni, was acquired by Continental AG (Germany) in 2017 and is now German-domiciled (PlaxidityX/Elektrobit); any vehicle-level deployment would run through a Continental contract, not a direct Nissan-Israeli-company relationship.45 Upstream Security’s relationship is at the Alliance-investment level only, with no confirmed Nissan-brand production deployment.42 No GDPR fine, regulatory action, or NGO campaign specifically targeting Nissan’s Israeli technology relationships was identified; Mozilla’s “worst-in-class” privacy rating for Nissan concerns general data practices, not any Israel-specific deployment.4647

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Economic: Economic

Mechanism of Involvement

Nissan’s economic footprint touching Israel comprises three elements: (1) component-sourcing payments to Mobileye/Intel for ProPILOT EyeQ4 chips, a commercial relationship predating the current conflict period and reflecting industry-wide reliance on Mobileye silicon;2 (2) the wholesale margin earned when Carasso Motors purchases vehicles from Nissan for Israeli distribution, an arms-length transaction with retail profit accruing to Carasso, not Nissan;1 and (3) Nissan’s co-funded operational expenditure in the jointly-operated (with Renault) Alliance Innovation Lab Tel Aviv.3 At the Alliance level, Alliance Ventures is a limited partner in Maniv Mobility (a Tel Aviv automotive VC, alongside Aptiv, BMW i Ventures, and Hyundai) - an alliance-level, not Nissan-unilateral, exposure.48 Nissan was reported in April 2025 to be in early-stage talks with Saudi Arabia’s PIF (a Saudi, not Israeli, sovereign fund) - noted for completeness, not evidence of Israeli financial exposure.27

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

Nissan-corporate holds no equity stake in Carasso Motors, no directly-owned Israeli subsidiary, and files no Israeli corporate tax return; VAT, customs duties, and corporate taxes on Israeli vehicle sales accrue entirely to Carasso as an independent, TASE-listed Israeli company.1 No public evidence identified of Nissan holding Israeli government bonds, equity, or debt, nor of Israeli sovereign-wealth or state-owned entities holding a material stake in Nissan. No public evidence identified of Israeli-domiciled tier-1/tier-2 parts suppliers to Nissan-corporate beyond the Mobileye component relationship. Nissan does not publicly disaggregate Israel-specific sales volumes from broader Middle East regional figures.49

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Political: Political

Mechanism of Involvement

The most concrete political-domain finding is Nissan’s June 2025 inclusion among seven automakers (with Hyundai, Renault, Kia, Toyota, Dacia, MG) selected by Israel’s Ministry of Finance to help supply approximately 15,000 vehicles to the Israeli government fleet - covering police, fire department, prison service, ministries, local authorities, and state-owned companies.4 The Alliance Innovation Lab Tel Aviv constitutes a formal institutional partnership: a “selected operator” of the Israel Innovation Authority’s Technological Innovation Labs programme since 2019, with Alliance leadership continuing to publicly frame Israeli technology as central to future vehicle strategy (e.g., Israeli startup Kardome selected for the Alliance’s H1st concept vehicle, unveiled June 2024).326 The Alliance has also reportedly established a $1 billion venture-capital fund with an Israel office and a dedicated Israel-based R&D operations launch.5051 Group-level attribution shows Mitsubishi Motors Corporation (34.01% Nissan-owned) documented on Who Profits under “Settlement Enterprise,” “Services to Settlements,” “Population Control,” and “Specialized Equipment and Services” categories, including 2012-documented use of Mitsubishi Pajero vehicles by Israeli Civil Administration personnel distributing house demolition/confiscation orders in Area C, and Israeli Ministry of Defense/Police procurement of Mitsubishi vehicles (2014–2022) - findings attributed to Mitsubishi Motors Corporation specifically, not to Nissan-corporate.12

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

No public evidence identified of any Nissan corporate statement on the Israel-Gaza conflict since October 2023 - a striking contrast to Nissan’s documented, named-CEO public statement, $2.75 million donation, and full market exit in response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, and its 2006 $200,000 Lebanon-war civilian relief donation.131420 Nissan Motor Co. is not named in the OHCHR Database of Business Enterprises (2020 or September 2025 updates), not named in UN Special Rapporteur Francesca Albanese’s report A/HRC/59/23 (“From economy of occupation to economy of genocide,” confirmed via full-text search), and not among the roughly fifteen companies named in Amnesty International’s September 2025 corporate-complicity campaign (which names Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Elbit Systems, Rafael, IAI, Hikvision, Corsight, Palantir, Mekorot, HD Hyundai, CAF, Airbnb, Booking.com, Expedia, and TripAdvisor).525356 No public evidence identified of a current (2023–2026) organized BDS Movement campaign targeting Nissan, no Nissan dealership found within West Bank settlements, no OpenSecrets pro-Israel lobbying or PAC entries, and no Nissan Foundation grants to Israel- or Middle East-linked organizations in its 2024 cycle.37385416 Nissan’s Canton, Mississippi plant workforce voted against UAW representation in 2017 and remains non-union, so the UAW’s 2023 ceasefire resolution and 2024 Israel-bond divestment vote are union-institutional positions that do not directly bind Nissan’s own workforce.555657 A single HonestReporting claim that a Nissan app could not locate Israel could not be independently corroborated (source page returned an HTTP 403 error on verification) and is treated as unverified.18 No public evidence identified of current Nissan executives or board members holding roles in AIPAC, Conservative Friends of Israel, JNF, or comparable advocacy organizations, or of personal donations to FIDF/JNF/settlement-welfare bodies.10 Former Chairman/CEO Carlos Ghosn’s 2020 post-departure comments on Gulf-Israel normalization and his Israel travel are flagged as historical, post-tenure matters with no current Nissan affiliation.5859

Named Entities and Evidence Map

BDS-1000 Score (V4)

DomainIMPV-Domain Score
Military0.000.000.000.00
Digital2.002.002.000.16
Economic6.304.506.003.47
Political6.005.006.503.98

The score is driven by V_MAX = Political (3.98), reflecting the documented June 2025 Israeli government-fleet supply award and the sustained Alliance Innovation Lab Tel Aviv institutional partnership, closely trailed by Economic (3.47) reflecting the Mobileye component relationship and the Carasso Motors importer channel. Military sits at the floor (0.00) - no confirmed military or defence-primes nexus was identified - and Digital sits near-floor (0.16) despite a confirmed civilian ADAS chip relationship, because Impact, Magnitude, and Proximity were all scored low (2.0 each) given the component’s civilian, non-exclusive, and non-conflict-specific character. The combination of a moderate political/economic vector with an absent military vector and minimal digital vector yields BRS 294, Tier D (Moderate) - the scale-free method (Impact × Magnitude/Proximity, evidence-only, human-vetted) treating documented civilian-commercial and technology-partnership activity as materially distinct from military or occupation-infrastructure supply.

Methodology Note

End Notes

Footnotes

  1. https://blinkcharging.com/news/carasso-motors-blink-charging-agreement-bring-charging-solutions-to-israel ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9 ↩10

  2. https://www.thedrive.com/tech/29340/renesas-and-mobileye-provide-the-brains-of-nissans-hands-free-propilot-2-0-adas ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7

  3. https://global.nissannews.com/en/releases/190610-01-e ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9

  4. https://english.news.cn/20250612/f50105df88384bfb83ed1cf0f6e21fc6/c.html ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  5. https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2025/09/un-human-rights-office-updates-database-businesses-involved-israeli ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  6. https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/09/global-political-economy-enabling-israels-genocide-occupation-apartheid/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renault%E2%80%93Nissan%E2%80%93Mitsubishi_Alliance ↩ ↩2

  8. https://www.whoprofits.org/companies/company/4124?mitsubishi-motors-corporation= ↩

  9. https://global.nissannews.com/en/releases/231108-03-e ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  10. https://www.nissan-global.com/EN/COMPANY/PROFILE/EXECUTIVE/ ↩ ↩2

  11. https://www.jta.org/archive/nissan-says-it-will-sell-to-israel-as-congress-steps-up-boycott-watch ↩ ↩2

  12. https://www.whoprofits.org/companies/company/4124?mitsubishi-motors-corporation= ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  13. https://fortune.com/2022/10/11/nissan-sells-russian-assets-one-euro-months-into-war/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  14. https://www.foxbusiness.com/lifestyle/nissan-suspending-russia-business-donating-million-ukraine ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  15. https://usa.nissannews.com/en-US/releases/building-community-nissan-foundation-awards-12-million-in-grants-to-44-nonprofits-celebrating-the-value-of-our-differences ↩

  16. https://www.instrumentl.com/990-report/nissan-foundation ↩ ↩2

  17. https://militaryleak.com/2023/10/22/israel-defense-forces-receives-initial-shipment-of-david-4x4-light-armored-vehicles/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  18. https://honestreporting.com/nissans-gps-cant-find-israel/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  19. https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/jweekly/1991/05/10/article/35 ↩

  20. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2006/7/31/nissan-gives-200000-to-refugees ↩ ↩2

  21. https://foreignpolicy.com/2008/08/20/israeli-nissan-ad-drives-saudis-crazy/ ↩

  22. https://variety.com/2008/tv/news/nissan-ad-angers-arab-viewers-1117990389/ ↩

  23. https://www.arabianbusiness.com/industries/media/new-nissan-advert-sparks-gulf-furore-45450 ↩

  24. https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/saudi-slams-racist-israeli-nissan-ad ↩

  25. https://www.prnewswire.com/il/news-releases/following-successful-testing-of-valens-semiconductor-chipsets-leading-japanese-automotive-association-jaspar-validates-the-mipi-a-phy-standard-301694507.html ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  26. https://www.timesofisrael.com/renault-nissan-mitsubishi-sees-israeli-tech-as-key-to-future-of-cars/ ↩ ↩2

  27. https://www.digitimes.com/news/a20250411PD214/foxconn-nissan-saudi-arabia-ev-manufacturing.html ↩ ↩2

  28. https://rental.freesbe.com/en/about/ ↩

  29. https://cdn.financialreports.eu/financialreports/media/filings/6719/2025/RNS/6719_rns_2025-08-21_c9e0994a-ab72-4e64-9815-a350f6c51338.pdf ↩ ↩2

  30. https://www.calcalistech.com/ctech/articles/0,7340,L-3885253,00.html ↩

  31. https://www.armyrecognition.com/news/army-news/2026/israel-signs-first-jltv-armored-vehicles-procurement-deal-with-the-us-for-defense-forces ↩ ↩2

  32. https://www.armyvehicles.dk/nissan_navara.htm ↩

  33. https://asean.nissannews.com/en/releases/nissan-delivers-more-than-80-units-of-navara-to-army-transportation-department ↩

  34. https://autonews.autoua.net/en/novosti/27387-the-armed-forces-received-new-nissan-navara-pickups.html ↩

  35. https://en.defence-ua.com/weapon_and_tech/ukraines_air_assault_forces_test_remote_controlled_brdm_2m_and_nissan_navara_for_frontline_logistics_video-18762.html ↩

  36. https://www.whoprofits.org/companies/company/3988 ↩ ↩2

  37. https://bdsmovement.net/Guide-to-BDS-Boycott ↩ ↩2

  38. https://uscpr.org/activist-resource/boycott-divestment-and-sanctions/ ↩ ↩2

  39. https://cleantechnica.com/2020/08/10/mobileyes-partnerships-with-bmw-ford-nio-nissan-volkswagen-willer/ ↩ ↩2

  40. https://ir.mobileye.com/news-releases/news-release-details/mobileye-surround-adas-adds-second-top-10-automaker ↩

  41. https://media.alliancernm.com/renault-and-nissan-open-the-new-alliance-innovation-lab-tel-aviv/ ↩ ↩2

  42. https://techcrunch.com/2021/08/24/automotive-cybersecurity-startup-upstream-raises-62m-series-c-to-scale-cloud-based-security/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  43. https://www.kellynissanoflynnfield.com/everything-there-is-to-know-about-nissanconnect/ ↩

  44. https://usa.nissannews.com/en-US/releases/nissan-selects-microsoft-azure-to-power-nissan-telematics-system ↩

  45. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argus_Cyber_Security ↩ ↩2

  46. https://www.nissanusa.com/data-privacy.html ↩

  47. https://foundation.mozilla.org/en/privacynotincluded/nissan/ ↩

  48. https://www.calcalistech.com/ctech/articles/0,7340,L-3738597,00.html ↩ ↩2

  49. https://me.nissanmotornews.com/en/releases/nissan-reports-strong-sales-growth-across-the-middle-east-in-fy23 ↩

  50. https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-renault-nissan-mitsubishi-sets-up-1b-vc-fund-1001219375 ↩

  51. https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-renault-nissan-to-launch-israel-rd-operations-1001173582 ↩

  52. https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2020/02/un-rights-office-issues-report-business-activities-related-settlements ↩ ↩2

  53. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/sessions-regular/session59/advance-version/a-hrc-59-23-aev.pdf ↩ ↩2

  54. https://www.opensecrets.org/industries/indus?ind=Q05 ↩

  55. https://www.nrtw.org/nissancanton/ ↩ ↩2

  56. https://uaw.org/uaw-statement-israel-palestine/ ↩ ↩2

  57. https://inthesetimes.com/article/uaw-endorses-ceasefire-labor-gaza-israel-palestine ↩ ↩2

  58. https://www.arabnews.jp/en/business/article_35567/ ↩

  59. https://www.timesofisrael.com/lebanon-decides-not-to-charge-ex-boss-of-nissan-over-israel-trip/ ↩