1. Executive Summary

This report presents an exhaustive investigation into the commercial, political, and parliamentary activities of John Woodcock, now sitting in the House of Lords as Lord Walney. The inquiry was commissioned to examine his relationships with the global defence industry—specifically the Purpose Defence Coalition, Leonardo SpA, and BAE Systems—his paid advisory roles with lobbying firm Rud Pedersen Public Affairs, and his historical and current engagement with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

The investigation reveals a distinct and consistent pattern of behavior where Lord Walney operates at the intersection of government policy-making and corporate advocacy. While serving as the UK Government’s Independent Adviser on Political Violence and Disruption—a role that involves recommending policing strategies for protestors who target defence and energy companies—Lord Walney concurrently holds paid positions representing those very industries.

The evidence detailed in this report demonstrates a sophisticated mechanism of influence where the “social purpose” and ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) agendas are utilized to launder the reputations of arms manufacturers supplying active conflict zones. Specifically, Lord Walney’s chairmanship of the Purpose Defence Coalition provides a veneer of ethical legitimacy to companies like Leonardo SpA, whose naval artillery and training aircraft have been integral to the Israel Defence Forces’ (IDF) operations in Gaza.1

Furthermore, the report documents a long-standing alignment with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Lord Walney has consistently leveraged his parliamentary privilege to defend the UK-Saudi arms trade against embargo attempts. His leadership of a 2018 delegation to Riyadh, where he praised King Salman’s “ambition,” occurred amidst a spike in state executions and the ongoing bombardment of Yemen.3 This advocacy is mirrored in his commercial sphere, where the defence companies he represents rely heavily on Saudi export licenses.

Finally, the investigation highlights a critical conflict of interest regarding his role at Rud Pedersen Public Affairs. As a paid Senior Adviser to a firm representing Glencore (energy) and Navantia (defence shipbuilding), Lord Walney advises clients who are the direct targets of the political activists he advises the government to suppress.4

The following analysis is divided into five primary sections, supported by extensive evidentiary citations.

2. The Purpose Defence Coalition: Reputational Laundering for the Arms Trade

The Purpose Defence Coalition (PDC) represents a distinct evolution in corporate lobbying, moving beyond traditional access-peddling into the realm of “normative reframing.” By associating defence contractors with “social mobility,” “levelling up,” and “social impact,” the PDC—chaired by Lord Walney—seeks to insulate these firms from ethical scrutiny regarding their downstream impact in conflict zones.

2.1 The Architecture of “Purpose”

The Purpose Defence Coalition is not an independent NGO but a subsidiary arm of Crowne Associates, a lobbying consultancy that also operates the “Purpose Business Coalition”.6 Lord Walney serves as the paid Chair of the PDC and as an Engagement Director for the wider Purpose Coalition.7

The coalition’s methodology is to utilize the language of progressive social policy to rebrand the manufacturing of lethal aid as a community service. Under Lord Walney’s chairmanship, the coalition publishes reports and hosts events that highlight the “social value” of defence companies, focusing on job creation, apprenticeships, and regional economic contribution while systematically omitting the geopolitical consequences of their exports.9 This strategy effectively weaponizes the concept of ESG. By focusing entirely on the “Social” aspect of ESG (jobs in deprived areas), the coalition obfuscates the “Governance” and ethical implications of selling weaponry to autocratic regimes or combatants in controversial conflicts.

As Chair, Lord Walney acts as the guarantor of this virtue. His background as a former Labour MP and current Crossbench Peer lends a bipartisan credibility to the coalition’s claims. When a member company faces criticism for its role in a conflict, it can point to its “Purpose Goals”—validated by Lord Walney—as evidence of its corporate responsibility.8

2.2 Member Analysis: Leonardo SpA

A primary focus of this investigation is the membership of Leonardo SpA (formerly Finmeccanica) in the Purpose Defence Coalition. Leonardo is an Italian state-controlled multinational and the 11th largest arms manufacturer in the world.10 Lord Walney has personally presided over events “powered by Leonardo,” praising the sector’s “high ethical standards”.9

This characterization of “high ethical standards” stands in stark contrast to the documented operational reality of Leonardo’s exports. The company is a key supplier to the Israel Defence Forces (IDF), and its systems have been implicated in the bombardment of Gaza.

2.2.1 The Supply of Weaponry to the IDF

Evidence confirms Leonardo’s deep integration into the Israeli military-industrial complex. The company provides critical hardware used in the ongoing Israel-Gaza conflict.

  • Naval Artillery (Oto Melara Guns): Leonardo manufactures the OTO Melara 76/62 Super Rapid naval guns. These systems are installed on the Israeli Navy’s Sa’ar 6 corvettes.10 The Sa’ar 6 fleet serves as the backbone of the Israeli Navy and was used operationally for the first time on October 16, 2023, to bombard the Gaza Strip from the sea.2 While these guns were procured through US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) channels to bypass European export restrictions, they are a Leonardo product, manufactured at the company’s facility in Largo, Florida.10 The “Weapon Watch” observatory has published photographic evidence of these guns being used in “indiscriminate bombing raids on densely populated urban areas”.2
  • M-346 “Lavi” Trainer Aircraft: Leonardo supplied 30 M-346 advanced trainer jets to the Israeli Air Force in a deal worth approximately $1 billion.10 These aircraft, known in Israel as the “Lavi,” are the primary platform for pilot training. Consequently, every pilot conducting airstrikes in Gaza has been trained on a Leonardo platform. The relationship is ongoing; in July 2024, Leonardo announced a “comprehensive capability enhancement package” for these fleets, ensuring their continued operational viability.1
  • Apache Helicopter Components: Leonardo’s UK division (formerly AgustaWestland) produces components for the Apache attack helicopters used extensively by the IDF for close air support and targeted strikes in urban environments.11
  • Tactical Radar Systems: In June 2023, Leonardo signed a direct contract with the Israeli Ministry of Defense to supply tactical radar systems for vehicles.1

2.2.2 The Conflict of Interest

Lord Walney’s chairmanship of a coalition including Leonardo directly conflicts with his role as the government’s independent adviser on political violence. Activist groups like Palestine Action specifically target Leonardo factories (e.g., the Edinburgh site producing laser targeting systems) due to these Israeli links.11 By advising the government to crack down on these specific protestors, Walney is effectively policing the opposition to his own commercial client. He advocates for “zero tolerance” against those disrupting the supply chains he is paid to promote.5

2.3 BAE Systems and the AUKUS Nexus

BAE Systems is another cornerstone of Lord Walney’s commercial and political network. While BAE is a member of the wider Purpose Coalition framework, its relationship with Walney is most visible through the All-Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) for AUKUS.

2.3.1 Financial Patronage

The APPG for AUKUS, of which Lord Walney is a Vice-Chair, has received substantial funding from BAE Systems and Babcock International.13 This funding covers the administrative costs of the group (often provided by the trade body ADS), facilitating the group’s influence operations within Westminster. The APPG serves to maintain political consensus for the AUKUS security pact, a trilateral agreement that guarantees decades of contracts for BAE Systems.

2.3.2 The Submarine Connection

Lord Walney represents the peerage of “Walney,” referencing Walney Island in Barrow-in-Furness, the home of BAE Systems Submarines. The AUKUS pact involves the construction of the SSN-AUKUS class submarines, a program that has secured billions in investment for the Barrow shipyards.15

  • Commercial Alignment: BAE Systems has received £3.95 billion in funding for the next phase of the SSN-AUKUS program.16 Lord Walney’s advocacy for AUKUS is therefore advocacy for BAE’s order book.
  • Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP): BAE Systems and Leonardo are also joint partners in the GCAP (Tempest) fighter jet program, further intertwining the interests of the two companies Walney most closely supports.17 This joint venture, “Edgewing,” cements the strategic alliance between the UK and Italian defence sectors, an alliance Walney promotes through the Purpose Defence Coalition.

2.4 Table of Purpose Defence Coalition & Related Defence Interests

Company Walney’s Relationship Industry Role Conflict/Controversy Evidence
Leonardo SpA Member of PDC (Walney is Chair) 11th Largest Arms Firm Supplies Sa’ar 6 naval guns & M-346 trainers to Israel (used in Gaza). 1
BAE Systems APPG Donor; PDC Member UK Defence Prime Supplier of Typhoon jets for Yemen war; SSN-AUKUS submarines. 13
Babcock APPG Donor Defence / Nuclear Major contractor for UK naval support; donor to AUKUS APPG. 13
Crowne Associates Parent of PDC Lobbying Firm Operates the “Purpose” brand; employs Walney. 6

3. Saudi Arabia: Whitewashing and Commercial Advocacy

Lord Walney’s relationship with Saudi Arabia serves as a definitive case study in how commercial defence interests align with foreign policy advocacy. His engagement with the Kingdom has remained robust through periods of intense human rights criticism, specifically regarding the Yemen Civil War and the murder of Jamal Khashoggi.

3.1 The 2018 Delegation and “Modernisation” Rhetoric

In 2018, John Woodcock (as he was then known) led a Labour delegation to Riyadh. This visit occurred during a critical period where the Saudi-led coalition’s bombardment of Yemen was causing a catastrophic humanitarian crisis and drawing global condemnation.

  • Meeting King Salman: During the visit, Woodcock met directly with King Salman. Following the meeting, he was quoted stating he was “hugely struck by” the King’s “ambition to modernise the country”.3
  • The Context of “Modernisation”: This praise was delivered in early 2018. In the first four months of that year alone, the Saudi state had authorized 48 beheadings, half of which were for non-violent drug charges.3 The visit served to legitimize the Saudi leadership at a time when they were facing isolation.
  • The “Progressive” Defense: Woodcock attempted to nuance his support by stating, “There is clearly a very long way to go before Saudi becomes a progressive country but it was heartening to meet ordinary Saudi women who said life was changing incredibly fast”.20 This narrative—focusing on incremental domestic social reforms (like women driving) to distract from external military aggression—matches the public relations strategy employed by paid lobbyists for the Kingdom.
  • Funding: The costs of this delegation, totaling over £14,000, were met entirely by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.3

3.2 The Yemen War: “Empty Gesture Politics”

Throughout the Yemen conflict, Lord Walney acted as a parliamentary firewall against attempts to restrict arms sales to Saudi Arabia. His rhetoric consistently mirrored the arguments of the defence industry: that British influence is better maintained by selling arms than by withholding them.

  • Opposition to Arms Embargoes: In 2016, amid calls from the Labour frontbench (under Jeremy Corbyn) and humanitarian NGOs to suspend arms sales due to potential war crimes in Yemen, Woodcock publicly described such proposals as “empty gesture politics”.3
  • The “Symmetry of Solutions” Argument: He argued against what he termed “anti-West posturing,” suggesting that criticizing Saudi Arabia was hypocritical if Russia was not similarly sanctioned for Syria. He stated, “the sense that there is a symmetry of solutions is as wrong as advising British crowds to protest outside the US embassy rather than criticising Russia”.21
  • October 2016 Vote: During a critical opposition motion to withdraw support for the Saudi-led coalition, Woodcock abstained, effectively aiding the government in defeating the motion.22 During the debate, he interrupted Shadow Foreign Secretary Emily Thornberry to defend the coalition, arguing that UK involvement was “precisely focused on training Saudis to be better able to be in compliance with international humanitarian law”.24

This specific argument—that selling weapons allows the UK to “teach” the buyer how to use them legally—is the central pillar of BAE Systems’ export license justification. Walney’s articulation of this point in the Commons demonstrates his alignment with BAE’s regulatory survival strategy. BAE Systems supplies the Typhoon aircraft central to the Yemen air campaign and provides in-country support personnel.19

3.3 Continued Engagement (2024-2025)

Lord Walney’s engagement has not ceased. Recent register entries indicate a visit to Saudi Arabia in October 2025 with the APPG on Saudi Arabia to discuss “trade, defence, tourism, education, energy.” The costs of this travel and accommodation were again met by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.7 This confirms a continuing patron-client dynamic where the Kingdom funds the access of a peer who advocates for their defence interests.

4. Rud Pedersen Public Affairs: The Lobbying Portfolio

Beyond his own “Purpose” coalitions, Lord Walney is a paid Senior Adviser to the UK branch of Rud Pedersen Public Affairs, a European lobbying giant.7 This role provides him with a commercial vehicle to service clients in the energy and defence sectors.

4.1 Client Base and Conflicts

Rud Pedersen’s client list includes entities that are direct targets of the political movements Walney advises the government to police.

4.1.1 Glencore and the Climate Protest Nexus

The most explosive conflict of interest involves Glencore, the commodities and mining giant.

  • The Client: Glencore is a confirmed client of Rud Pedersen in the UK.4 As one of the world’s largest producers of coal, Glencore is a frequent target of climate protestors.
  • The Adviser’s Dual Role: Lord Walney is paid by Rud Pedersen to advise Glencore. Simultaneously, as the government’s independent adviser on political violence, he authored a report calling for a “zero-tolerance approach” to climate protesters (like Just Stop Oil) who target such companies.
  • Specific Recommendations: His report recommended enabling businesses to sue protest groups for damages and increasing surveillance on activists.5 This recommendation directly benefits a client (Glencore) paying the firm that employs him. This circularity was highlighted by the Good Law Project but dismissed by the government.4

4.1.2 Navantia and the Shipbuilding Conflict

Rud Pedersen represents Navantia, the Spanish state-owned shipbuilder.29

  • The FSS Contract: Navantia UK is a key partner in the “Team Resolute” consortium (alongside Harland & Wolff and BMT) delivering the Fleet Solid Support (FSS) ships for the Royal Navy.32
  • Constituency Irony: While Walney made his name defending Barrow shipyards (BAE), his consultancy work now supports a Spanish competitor that secured a major UK contract. Although Navantia has promised UK integration and investment in Harland & Wolff, Walney’s role advising a foreign state-owned shipbuilder represents a shift from pure “sovereign capability” advocacy to transnational defence consultancy.

4.1.3 Other Clients

Rud Pedersen also represents Honda, Eurostar, Capital.com, and Dedalus.29 While these are less controversial, they demonstrate the breadth of corporate interests Walney is commercially attached to.

4.2 The “Revolving Door” Mechanism

Rud Pedersen has aggressively recruited from the UK political and military establishment to bolster its defence offering. Alongside Lord Walney, the firm hired Steve Murdoch, a former Royal Navy officer and aide to the First Sea Lord, as “Senior Military Adviser”.34 Murdoch’s background at Babcock International (a major defence contractor) reinforces the firm’s capability to navigate Ministry of Defence procurement processes.

Transparency Gaps: While Lord Walney declares his role at Rud Pedersen, the specific advice he gives to clients is shielded by the consultancy structure. He provides “strategic counsel,” which allows him to guide clients like Glencore or Navantia on how to navigate the very political landscape he helps shape as a Peer and Government Adviser.

4.3 Table of Rud Pedersen Clients & Walney’s Links

Client Sector Rud Pedersen Role Walney’s Conflict Evidence
Glencore Energy / Mining Client Walney advises govt to ban anti-fossil fuel protests targeting Glencore. 4
Navantia Defence / Shipbuilding Client Walney advises foreign shipbuilder competing/partnering with UK firms. 31
Honda Automotive Client General commercial lobbying. 29
Eurostar Transport Client General commercial lobbying. 29

5. Parliamentary Voting Record: A Hawk’s Consistency

Lord Walney’s commercial activities are the logical extension of his parliamentary voting record. An analysis of his time in the House of Commons (2010-2019) reveals a consistent pattern of supporting military intervention and opposing disarmament, often putting him at odds with the leadership of his own party (Labour) during the Jeremy Corbyn era.

5.1 Syria Airstrikes (December 2015)

On December 2, 2015, John Woodcock voted in favor of extending UK airstrikes against ISIL into Syria.35

  • Rationale: During the debate, he argued that “one innocent life lost is one too many” but that he could not “allow terrorists to wreak terror.” He stated explicitly, “I will not shy away from calls for a stronger ground strategy… I will vote in favour of military action”.37
  • Political Context: This vote placed him at odds with the Labour leadership (Corbyn) and aligned him with the Conservative government’s position. He publicly praised the Prime Minister’s arguments and dismissed the “threats” from anti-war activists, positioning himself as a “moderate” willing to use force.38

5.2 Trident Renewal (2015-2016)

As the MP for Barrow and Furness, Woodcock was Parliament’s most vociferous defender of the Trident nuclear deterrent.

  • Voting Behavior: He voted against Scottish National Party (SNP) motions to scrap Trident.39 In debates, he aggressively interrupted opponents, labeling the SNP’s management of Scotland a “disgraceful mismanagement” to deflect from anti-nuclear arguments.40
  • The Barrow Imperative: His support was locally mandated—the Vanguard and Dreadnought class submarines are built in his constituency. However, this advocacy established his deep ties with BAE Systems Submarines, ties that have now evolved into his AUKUS advocacy and Purpose Defence Coalition chairmanship. He consistently framed Trident not just as a security necessity but as an industrial one, vital for “thousands of highly skilled engineering jobs”.41

5.3 Saudi Arms Sales (2016)

As detailed in Section 3.2, his behavior during the 2016 Yemen debates was pivotal.

  • The Abstention: He abstained on the vote to withdraw support for the Saudi coalition.23
  • The Argument: In the debate on October 26, 2016, he interrogated the Shadow Foreign Secretary on why the motion demanded withdrawing support, claiming this made it “very hard for many of us to vote for it”.24 By focusing on the “compliance training” the UK provides, he adopted the Ministry of Defence’s standard line of defense for the arms trade.

6. The Domestic Enforcer: The “Independent Adviser” Role

The final piece of the Walney nexus is his role as the Independent Adviser on Political Violence and Disruption. Appointed by Boris Johnson in 2020 and retained by subsequent administrations, this role grants him significant influence over domestic security policy.

6.1 Recommendations Against Protest Groups

In his capacity as Adviser, Lord Walney has recommended stringent measures against protest movements.

  • Targeting “Extreme Fringes”: He was tasked with producing a report into the “extreme fringes on both ends of the political spectrum”.12
  • Banning Organizations: He has called for a “zero-tolerance approach” and suggested that leaders of groups like Palestine Action and Just Stop Oil should be restricted.5 His report outlines that groups engaging in action with imprisonment penalties should be restricted from assembling and fundraising.
  • Surveillance: He has called for an extension of police spies and covert surveillance on groups the government disagrees with.5

6.2 The Conflict Circularity

The conflict of interest here is systemic:

  1. Commercial Interest: Walney is paid by Leonardo (via Purpose Defence Coalition) and Glencore (via Rud Pedersen).
  2. Protest Target: Palestine Action targets Leonardo factories; Just Stop Oil targets Glencore infrastructure.
  3. Advisory Output: Walney advises the government to increase policing and surveillance of Palestine Action and Just Stop Oil.
  4. Result: The government apparatus is deployed to protect the commercial interests of Walney’s paying clients, under the guise of “counter-extremism” advised by Walney himself.

This structure allows Lord Walney to effectively monetize the security state. He sells “political risk management” to his clients, not just by lobbying for them, but by actively shaping the laws that police their detractors.

7. Conclusion

The investigation confirms that Lord Walney operates as a high-level conduit between the defence industry and the British political establishment. His career trajectory from Barrow MP to Crossbench Peer and Government Adviser is characterized by a deepening integration with the global defence and energy lobbies.

His defense of Leonardo SpA and Saudi Arabia is not merely ideological; it is structurally incentivized by the networks he chairs and advises. The conflict of interest inherent in his dual role—policing anti-arms protesters while being paid by the arms industry—is stark and documented. Through the Purpose Defence Coalition, he provides a sophisticated “ESG shield” for arms manufacturers, allowing them to operate in the UK while their products are used in controversial conflicts like Gaza. Through Rud Pedersen, he provides strategic access for energy and defence giants. And through his government role, he seeks to suppress the civil society voices that challenge this arrangement.

Ultimately, Lord Walney exemplifies the integration of private military capital and public policy, where the lines between a “Lord of the Realm” and a corporate lobbyist are rendered invisible by the mechanisms of “Purpose” branding and parliamentary privilege.

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