Google Digital Audit

Enterprise Technology Stack & Vendor Relationships

• No public evidence identified that Google procures Check Point, SentinelOne, CyberArk, Verint, Nice, Claroty, or comparable Israeli-origin cybersecurity or analytics software for integration into its own enterprise infrastructure at scale.
• Google develops the majority of its own security tooling internally, including BeyondCorp and Mandiant ¹¹.
• No public evidence identified of specific systems integrators mandating Israeli-origin technology as part of Google engagements.

Surveillance, Biometrics & Retail Technology

• The Intercept reported in April 2024 that Israeli military intelligence deployed Google Photos’ facial recognition function as part of mass surveillance operations in Gaza ¹⁸.
• Israeli military officers uploaded databases of known individuals and used the platform’s search-by-face function to identify and track Palestinians ¹⁸.
• An anonymous Israeli official confirmed to The Intercept that “Google Photos worked better than any of the alternative facial recognition tech” deployed in this program ¹⁸.
• Project Nimbus training materials confirmed Google marketed facial detection, automated image categorization, object tracking, and sentiment analysis capabilities to Israeli government customers ¹¹.
• Project Nimbus training materials documented marketing of sentiment analysis capabilities to Israeli government customers, including tools that assess emotional content of pictures, speech, and writing ¹¹.
• An engineer at a Nimbus webinar confirmed it was technically possible to use Google infrastructure “to train a model to identify how likely it is that a certain person is lying, given the sound of their own voice” ¹¹.
• The Intercept reported in May 2024 that Project Nimbus establishes a digital marketplace providing Israeli government users, including military users, access to Palantir Foundry, a data analysis tool used by militaries internationally for targeting operations ⁴.
• In January 2024, Palantir entered a “strategic partnership” with Israel’s Ministry of Defense specifically to support its “war effort” ⁴.

Cloud Infrastructure, Data Residency & Sovereign Cloud Participation

• Google activated its first local cloud region in Israel (me-west1/Tel Aviv) in October 2022 as part of Project Nimbus contract requirements ⁹.
• The region operates under Israeli sovereignty and law, ensuring Israeli government data remains within Israeli borders ⁹.
• Google and Amazon Web Services jointly won a $1.2 billion Israeli government tender in April 2021 to provide an “all-encompassing cloud solution” for “the government, the defense establishment and others” ¹².
• A draft contract dated March 27, 2024 showed Google billing the Israeli Ministry of Defense over $1 million for consulting assistance to expand cloud access to “multiple [IDF] units” and their access to automation technologies ¹.
• The contract includes provisions explicitly stating that Google is “not permitted to restrict the types of services” that Israeli government and military entities can access ².
• The Guardian investigation revealed a “winking mechanism,” a secret code in Project Nimbus requiring Google and Amazon to send coded shekel payments to Israel when foreign courts order disclosure of Israeli data ².
• Internal Google assessments noted the contract could require Google to “Reject, Appeal, and Resist Foreign Government Access Requests” ².
• Google Workspace was implemented in Israeli government ministries as part of Project Nimbus as of January 2026 ¹⁰.
• The Israeli Civil Administration’s “al Munasseq” application, managing Palestinian movement and work permits in the West Bank, is available on Google Play ¹⁰.
• No public evidence identified of a discrete Project Nimbus contract component specifically for settlement administration.

Defence, Intelligence & Security Sector Technology Relationships

• The Israeli Ministry of Defense has its own “landing zone” into Google Cloud, documented in a TIME contract ¹.
• DatacenterDynamics reported that Google provided Vertex AI technology to the IDF during the Israel-Gaza war starting October 2023 ¹².
• Internal documents show IDF requests for expanded Vertex AI access starting November 2023 ¹².
• A whistleblower complaint filed with the SEC in August 2024, reported in February 2026, alleged that in July 2024, Google Cloud staff responded to a request from an account connected to IDF contractor CloudEx, assisting with making Gemini AI more reliable at identifying drones, armored vehicles, and soldiers in aerial footage ⁴.
• Google disputed the characterization, stating the account had “less than a couple hundred dollars of monthly spend” ⁴.
• The Intercept disclosed that Google operates a “Classified Team” of Israeli nationals within Google who participate in “joint drills and scenarios” with Israeli government security agencies, cooperation described internally as not currently provided to any other country ².
• No public evidence identified of Google developing, selling, licensing, or maintaining offensive cyber-weapons or zero-day exploit tools for Israeli state actors.

AI, Algorithmic & Autonomous Systems

• Vertex AI, Gemini, AutoML, Cloud Vision API, and sentiment analysis tools have been provided to the Israeli Ministry of Defence and broader Israeli government, with confirmed escalating military use from October 2023 onward ¹¹¹¹².
• Project Nimbus training documents confirmed that AutoML capabilities allow the Israeli government to train custom machine learning models on its own data, including for edge and offline deployments, without Google visibility into the resulting models or their applications ¹¹.
• No public evidence identified that Google has specifically provided autonomous target generation systems to Israeli military or security forces.
• The drone footage assistance was conducted through Gemini, a general-purpose AI platform ⁴.

Technology Ecosystem & R&D Footprint

• Google operates R&D facilities in Tel Aviv and Haifa, Israel, covering cloud computing, AI/ML, search algorithms, YouTube features, and chip development ⁸.
• Google acquired Waze in 2013, SlickLogin in 2014, Velostrata in 2018, Alooma in 2019, and Elastifile in 2019, all Israeli startups ⁸.
• Google completed the $32 billion acquisition of Wiz in March 2026, the largest acquisition in Google’s history ³.
• All four Wiz co-founders, Assaf Rappaport, Yinon Costica, Ami Luttwak, and Roy Reznik, are veterans of Unit 8200, the Israeli military’s signals intelligence and cyberwarfare unit ³⁸.
• CapitalG led a $140 million investment round in Salt Security, an Israeli API cybersecurity company ⁸.
• Alphabet invested through GV in AI21 Labs, an Israeli NLP and generative AI company, in Series C (2021) and Series C2 (2023) ⁸.
• Google signed a long-term research collaboration with Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Tel Aviv University, and the Technion in 2011, funding approximately 20 research projects ¹⁷.

Civil Society Scrutiny & Regulatory History

• UN Special Rapporteur Francesca Albanese named Google/Alphabet in A/HRC/59/23 (July 2025) report “From economy of occupation to economy of genocide” in the context of cloud and AI infrastructure provision to Israeli government and military ¹⁴.
• Who Profits lists Google/Alphabet under Population Control, Specialized Equipment and Services, The Wall and Checkpoints ¹⁰.
• UN OHCHR settlement database does NOT list Google/Alphabet, with 158 companies listed as of September 2025 ¹⁴.
• No Tech for Apartheid campaign organized Google employees against Project Nimbus, and 28 workers were fired in April 2024 ⁵⁶.
• Terminated workers filed an NLRB complaint in May 2024 alleging unlawful retaliation ⁶.
• BDS Movement has formally called for boycott of Google and Amazon in connection with Project Nimbus ¹⁰.
• Shareholder resolutions requesting independent human rights impact assessment of Project Nimbus were defeated at Alphabet’s 2024 and 2025 AGMs ¹⁵.
• An NLRB complaint was filed and proceeding as of early 2026 ⁶.
• An SEC whistleblower complaint was filed in August 2024 and reported in February 2026 regarding Gemini AI assistance to IDF contractor ⁴.
• No OECD National Contact Point complaint specifically against Google/Alphabet regarding Israeli technology provision has been identified in public sources.
• Eric Schmidt, former Google CEO, invested in Israeli defense-tech startup Kela ⁷.

End Notes