Contents

Wilko Online Political Audit

  • Last Updated: November 27, 2025
  • No Comments

1. Executive Intelligence Summary

1.1. Audit Objective and Scope

This forensic governance audit evaluates the political and ideological footprint of the retail entity trading as Wilko (online), following its acquisition by CDS Superstores International (The Range) in late 2023. The primary objective is to determine the entity’s “Political Complicity” regarding the State of Israel, the occupation of Palestinian territories, and associated systems of militarization, surveillance, or apartheid.

The audit was commissioned to rank the entity on a proprietary “Political Complicity Scale” ranging from 0.0 (Strict Neutrality) to 10.0 (Ideological Actor). The investigation rigorously screens the governance structure, specifically the ownership exercised by the Dawson family and the executive management under CEO Alex Simpkin. It scrutinizes supply chain relationships, lobbying activities, and the consistency of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policies when applied to geopolitical conflicts—specifically the comparative response to the Russo-Ukrainian War versus the conflict in Gaza.

1.2. Strategic Assessment Overview

The intelligence gathered and analyzed in this report indicates that Wilko (online), operating under the parentage of CDS Superstores, falls within the Commercial Normalization band (Score Range 3.0–3.9), with significant indicators of Safe Harbor behavior (Score Range 1.0–2.9) regarding its crisis response protocols.

There is zero credible evidence of high-level Ideological Zionism, direct funding of Israeli state initiatives, or membership in bilateral advocacy chambers such as the British-Israel Chamber of Commerce (BICC) among the current leadership. The “Del Boy Billionaire” persona of the founder, Chris Dawson, correlates with a governance style of aggressive commercial pragmatism rather than geopolitical ideology.

However, the entity is not “Neutral.” It exhibits a distinct operational bias characterized by:

  1. Supply Chain Complicity: The continued, prominent stocking and marketing of brands historically and currently targeted by the Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions (BDS) movement, specifically SodaStream and Keter Group.
  2. Geopolitical Double Standards: A demonstrable, systemic disparity between the active humanitarian accommodations made for the Ukraine crisis (fundraising, supply chain logistics for aid) and the absolute corporate silence regarding the humanitarian crisis in Gaza.
  3. Governance Pragmatism: A “profit-first” ideology that resists political entanglement unless it serves immediate commercial interests or aligns with safe, state-sanctioned narratives (e.g., Ukraine support).

The following report details the evidentiary basis for these findings, structured across governance analysis, supply chain forensics, and comparative geopolitical response testing.

2. Corporate Governance and Ownership Intelligence

To accurately audit the political footprint of Wilko, one must first isolate the locus of decision-making. The legacy “Wilko” entity, owned by the Wilkinson family, ceased to exist as a governing power in August 2023. The brand is now a wholly-owned asset of CDS Superstores. Therefore, the political risk profile of Wilko is inextricably linked to the governance culture of The Range and its ultimate beneficiary, Chris Dawson.

2.1. The Acquisition and New Governance Architecture

In September 2023, following the administration of Wilko Limited, CDS Superstores acquired the brand, website, and intellectual property for £5 million.1 This transaction was not merely a purchase of assets but a migration of governance culture.

The integration has been comprehensive. Snippets confirm that 36 digital staff transferred to CDS, and Wilko-branded goods were immediately introduced into The Range’s physical stores.2 Consequently, the “brain” of Wilko is now located in Plymouth, at the headquarters of CDS Superstores. The audit of Wilko is, by definition, an audit of CDS Superstores.

2.1.1. Corporate Structure and Control

The ultimate parent company is Norton Group Holdings, controlled by the Dawson family.3 This centralized ownership structure is significant for political risk analysis because it concentrates decision-making power. Unlike publicly traded companies (PLCs) where shareholder activism can influence board policy regarding ethical trade or divestment, CDS Superstores is a private fiefdom. Policy changes regarding Israel or Palestine would require the direct assent of Chris Dawson or CEO Alex Simpkin.

2.2. Leadership Ideology Screening

The Core Intelligence Requirements demanded a rigorous screening of key figures for membership in Zionist advocacy groups or history of pro-Israel advocacy.

2.2.1. Christopher “Chris” Dawson (Founder and Chairman)

Chris Dawson is the defining figure of the enterprise. His psychographic and political profile was reconstructed from multiple intelligence snippets to determine his ideological leanings.

  • Commercial Pragmatism vs. Ideology: Research describes Dawson as the “Del Boy Billionaire,” a moniker referencing a fictional market trader known for wheeling and dealing.5 His public history is defined by aggressive commercial expansion, tax efficiency, and retail innovation rather than geopolitical advocacy. In 2024, Dawson and his wife, Sarah-Jane Dawson, relocated their tax residency to Monaco.4 This move suggests a primary motivation of fiscal optimization rather than political loyalty to the UK state, let alone a foreign state like Israel.
  • Political Donations and Affiliations: The audit found no record of Dawson donating to the Conservative Friends of Israel (CFI), Labour Friends of Israel (LFI), or the Jewish National Fund (JNF). While he is a significant figure in UK retail, he does not appear on donor lists for the Conservative Party in the same manner as other retail magnates.6 His political friction points are domestic—specifically, he faced criticism for retaining £36 million in government tax relief during the Covid-19 pandemic despite profitable trading.7 This reinforces a governance profile of “commercial opportunism” rather than “ideological actor.”
  • Elimination of False Positives: A rigorous name disambiguation process was conducted. The audit identified a “Christopher Dawson” (1889–1970), a Catholic historian and conservative philosopher.8 There is no connection between the retailer Chris Dawson and this historical figure. Similarly, the “Chris Dawson” serving as the Governor of Western Australia 10 is a distinct individual. The retail magnate has no known connection to the academic or Australian political spheres.

2.2.2. Sarah-Jane Dawson (Major Shareholder)

Sarah-Jane Dawson is the majority shareholder of Norton Group Holdings.3

  • Political Footprint: Her public footprint is minimal and largely associated with the fiscal management of the family’s wealth (e.g., receiving dividends and relocating to Monaco). No evidence exists linking her to “Brand Israel” philanthropy or political Zionism.

2.2.3. Alex Simpkin (CEO)

Alex Simpkin serves as the CEO of CDS Superstores and oversees the Wilko rollout.2

  • Operational Focus: Simpkin’s public record is strictly operational, focusing on supply chain management, property acquisition (such as the recent Homebase deal), and retail strategy.12
  • Advocacy Check: Screening for membership in the British-Israel Chamber of Commerce (BICC) or attendance at “Tech Israel” innovation summits yielded negative results. Simpkin functions as a technocratic operator executing the board’s commercial strategy, devoid of evident foreign policy advocacy.

2.3. Institutional Affiliations and Lobbying

The audit scrutinized the entity for membership in trade bodies that promote bilateral ties with Israel.

  • British-Israel Chamber of Commerce (BICC): The BICC is a primary vehicle for economic Zionism in the UK. Membership implies an active commitment to strengthening trade ties. A review of BICC-associated businesses and events 14 does not list CDS Superstores, Wilko, or The Range as members. While BICC has historically engaged with retailers like Marks & Spencer 16, CDS appears to operate outside this high-level diplomatic lobbying sphere.
  • “Brand Israel” Events: There is no evidence of Wilko or CDS sponsoring “Tel Aviv Days,” “Israel Innovation Weeks,” or similar soft-power events. Their sponsorship portfolio is strictly domestic, focusing on UK charities like the NSPCC and Tŷ Hafan.17

Governance Verdict: The leadership of Wilko (CDS Superstores) displays Zero evidence of Ideological Zionism (Band 9.0–10.0) or Structured Advocacy (Band 7.5–8.2). Their operating model is driven by domestic market share and fiscal optimization.

3. Supply Chain Forensics: The “Commercial Normalization” Analysis

While the governance layer lacks ideological intent, the operational layer exhibits clear Commercial Normalization (Band 3.0–3.9). This band is defined as treating Israel as a standard “Western” market and ignoring the context of occupation in procurement decisions.

3.1. The “SodaStream” Indicator

Stocking SodaStream is a primary indicator of political complicity due to the brand’s history of operating in the occupied West Bank and its centrality to the global BDS movement.

  • Current Inventory Status: The audit confirms that Wilko (online) and The Range actively stock SodaStream products. Snippets confirm the availability of SodaStream machines (e.g., Terra, E-Terra) and CO2 cylinders within the group’s inventory.19
  • The Complicity Context: SodaStream was the target of a high-profile global boycott campaign due to its factory in the Mishor Adumim industrial zone, an illegal settlement in the West Bank. Although SodaStream relocated its primary factory to the Negev (inside 1948 borders) in 2015 following intense international pressure 22, it remains a top-tier target for economic boycott. The new factory location is implicated in the displacement of Bedouin communities in the Negev.
  • Retailer Divergence: Historically, major retailers like John Lewis de-listed SodaStream products in response to declining sales driven by boycott campaigns.22 By continuing to serve as a prominent vendor for SodaStream, Wilko engages in “Business-as-Usual” normalization. They have effectively rejected the consumer boycott calls that influenced other competitors. This decision signals that commercial revenue takes precedence over the ethical concerns raised by civil society regarding the product’s origin.

3.2. Keter Group (Plastics and Storage)

Keter is an Israeli manufacturer of resin-based garden furniture and storage. It is a staple product line for Wilko and The Range.

  • Inventory Evidence: Wilko.com hosts a dedicated “Shop by Brand” page for Keter.24 Inventory includes sheds, storage boxes, and shelving.26
  • Political Economy of Keter: Keter operates globally but maintains significant manufacturing roots in Israel. The sale of Keter products is a form of direct revenue generation for the Israeli industrial base. Unlike SodaStream, Keter attracts less high-profile activism, but its presence confirms that Wilko’s procurement policy does not screen for “Conflict Goods” or Israeli origin. The sheer volume of Keter products (sheds, storage boxes) represents a significant trade volume compared to smaller items.

3.3. Supply Chain Policy Inference

The continued prominence of these brands suggests that CDS Superstores lacks an Ethical Trade Policy that recognizes the occupation of Palestine as a risk factor.

  • Comparison: This contrasts with co-ops or ethical retailers that implement “Human Rights Due Diligence” (HRDD) frameworks to exclude settlement goods or goods from conflict zones.
  • Conclusion: The supply chain creates a material link to the Israeli economy. While this is standard for multinational retailers (placing them in the Commercial Normalization band), it prevents Wilko from being categorized as “Neutral” (Band 0.0). The company is a conduit for Israeli export revenue.

4. The “Safe Harbor” Test: Ukraine vs. Gaza Comparative Analysis

The “Safe Harbor” test evaluates corporate neutrality by comparing responses to parallel geopolitical conflicts. A finding of “Double Standards” raises the risk score from “Strict Neutrality” to “Safe Harbor” (Band 1.0–2.9) or higher, as it implies that the “neutrality” is selectively applied to shield the aggressor in one context while condemning it in another.

4.1. Corporate Mobilization for Ukraine

The research indicates a permissive, supportive, and active environment for Ukraine solidarity within the Wilko/CDS ecosystem. The response was not merely passive; it was operational.

  • Local Level Mobilization: Legacy Wilko stores and The Range locations actively facilitated fundraising and material support for Ukraine.
    • Donation Drop-offs: Reports confirm Wilko/The Range locations acting as collection points for humanitarian aid destined for Ukraine. For example, specific stores coordinated with local community champions to accept goods.27
    • Fundraising Events: “All-day fundraisers” at commercial centers where Wilko was a tenant included hampers donated by Wilko.28 This indicates that local managers had the autonomy—or the directive—to use company assets (stock) to support the cause.
    • Humanitarian Logistics: The wider context of the UK retail response, which CDS is a part of, involved significant logistical support. The Range’s “Del Boy” operational style—agile, logistics-heavy—was well-suited to rapid aid movement. The support extended to refugees in the UK, with the retail sector generally facilitating employment and banking access.29
  • Alignment with State Narrative: This mobilization aligned perfectly with the UK government’s foreign policy. Supporting Ukraine was “safe”; it carried no reputational risk and burned no political bridges.

4.2. The Silence on Gaza

In stark contrast, a forensic search of corporate communications from CDS Superstores and Wilko regarding the Gaza conflict (post-October 7, 2023) reveals absolute silence.

  • Absence of Humanitarian Appeals: There is no evidence of Wilko or The Range launching “Gaza Humanitarian Appeals,” donating hampers for Palestinian aid, or designating stores as drop-off points for medical supplies for Gaza.
  • Silence as Policy (“Institutional Neutrality”): This silence aligns with the broader trend of “Institutional Neutrality” observed in Western institutions.30 While universities and some corporations explicitly adopted neutrality policies to avoid “political controversy,” the silence of a retailer like Wilko—after being so vocal on Ukraine—speaks to a calculated risk assessment.
  • The “Double Standard” Verdict: The entity fails the consistency test.
    • Ukraine: Brand assets used for solidarity; humanitarian concern expressed; aggressor (Russia) implicitly condemned via support for victims.
    • Gaza: Total brand detachment; humanitarian crisis ignored; maintenance of commercial ties with the state involved (Israel) via SodaStream/Keter.

4.3. Interpretation of “Safe Harbor” Status

This behavior fits the Safe Harbor definition: “Generic PR / Corporate Silence… Crucially, this includes ‘Double Standards’ (e.g., supporting other causes like Ukraine while ignoring Gaza).” Wilko provides a “safe harbor” for the status quo. By supporting Ukraine, they signal they are capable of moral engagement. By ignoring Gaza, they signal that Palestinian rights do not meet their threshold for moral engagement, or that the commercial risk of offending Zionist lobbies outweighs the humanitarian imperative.

5. Internal Policy and Staff Governance

The treatment of employees regarding political expression is a key indicator of “Indirect Narrative Bias.”

5.1. Disciplinary Actions and Badge Bans

  • Research Status: There are no specific public reports in the provided intelligence of Wilko or The Range disciplining staff specifically for wearing “Palestine solidarity” badges.
  • Policy Inference: However, standard retail dress codes in the UK generally prohibit political slogans.32 The critical question is enforcement.
  • The Neutrality Trap: If a company enforces a ban on Palestine badges but previously allowed Ukraine ribbons (a common occurrence in UK retail in 2022), this constitutes a Discriminatory Application of Policy. While we have evidence of the company facilitating Ukraine charity (hampers, drop-offs), we lack specific evidence of staff wearing Ukraine insignia being officially sanctioned vs. Palestine insignia being banned. Without specific whistleblower testimony, we must assume a standard “clean uniform” policy is enforced, but the risk of bias remains high given the corporate double standard on charity.

5.2. Union Relations

  • GMB Union: The GMB union represents Wilko staff.33 The GMB has historically held policies critical of the occupation. The friction point usually arises if the union calls for a boycott and the employer resists. Currently, the relationship focuses on redundancy and workers’ rights following the administration 33, rather than geopolitical disputes. The union’s presence serves as a potential check on the company’s ability to enforce egregious ideological policies against staff, but it does not compel the company to divest.

6. Detailed Complicity Data Matrix

The following table summarizes the audit findings against the “Political Complicity” scale criteria, providing the evidentiary basis for the final ranking.

Audit Vector Wilko/CDS Status Evidence Identifier Impact Assessment
Governance Ideology Neutral / Commercial 1 No evidence of Zionist ideology. Leadership is fiscally driven and pragmatist.
Lobbying Membership None 14 No membership in British-Israel Chamber of Commerce. No “Brand Israel” sponsorship.
Trade Normalization High 19 Actively stocks SodaStream & Keter. Ignores historic BDS calls regarding these brands.
Ukraine Response Active Support 27 Facilitated aid, donations, and community mobilization. Brand assets used for cause.
Gaza Response Total Silence 30 No humanitarian appeals. Adherence to “Safe Harbor” to avoid controversy.
Direct Complicity None N/A No evidence of supplying military/surveillance tech to Israel.

7. Deep Dive: The Nature of “Del Boy” Capitalism and Geopolitics

To understand why Wilko (online) operates as it does, one must understand the governance psychology of Chris Dawson.

7.1. The Transactional Mindset

Snippets refer to Dawson as the “Del Boy Billionaire” who “can’t read or write” but knows how to make money.34 This archetype is crucial. It represents a form of capitalism that is purely transactional.

  • Implication for Palestine: In this worldview, products have no history. A SodaStream machine is not a “settlement good” or a “symbol of displacement”; it is a unit of stock with a margin.
  • Implication for Ukraine: Support for Ukraine was likely viewed not as a moral crusade, but as a low-cost, high-visibility PR win that aligned with customer sentiment. It was “good business” to be seen helping.
  • The “Safe Harbor” Logic: Support for Gaza is viewed as “bad business” because it is divisive. Therefore, the “pragmatic” decision is silence. This confirms that the normalization of Israeli goods is a result of commercial inertia and risk aversion, not ideological Zionism. This distinction is vital for accurate ranking—Wilko is not an enemy actor (Band 9), but a complicit actor (Band 3).

7.2. The Homebase Acquisition Impact

The recent acquisition of Homebase 13 is likely to deepen this complicity.

  • Garden Centre Supply Chains: Homebase brings with it a massive supply chain of garden products. Israel is a global leader in plastics and irrigation technology (e.g., Netafim, Keter).
  • Forecast: As CDS integrates Homebase, we can expect the volume of Israeli-origin goods to increase. Without an active ethical screening policy, the “Range-ification” of Homebase will likely cement Israeli suppliers into the UK discount retail infrastructure.

8. Conclusion and Classification

8.1. Governance Verdict

Wilko (online), under the ownership of CDS Superstores, is a commercially pragmatic entity with no detectable ideological commitment to Zionism. Its leadership, specifically Chris Dawson and Alex Simpkin, appear to operate solely on profit-maximization principles, heavily influenced by a “stack it high, sell it cheap” philosophy that ignores geopolitical nuance.

However, the entity displays a structural bias characterized by the normalization of Israeli trade and a geopolitical double standard. The willingness to mobilize brand assets for Ukraine while maintaining silence on Gaza indicates that the company aligns its “humanitarianism” strictly with UK government foreign policy and safe public opinion, rather than universal human rights principles.

8.2. Final Banding Recommendation

Based on the comprehensive audit of governance, trade, and policy, Wilko (online) should be positioned in the Commercial Normalization (3.0–3.9) band.

  • Why not lower? It cannot be Band 0.0 or Band 1.0 because of the active stocking of SodaStream, a brand that requires a deliberate decision to ignore boycott calls. The “Double Standard” on Ukraine also disqualifies it from “Strict Neutrality.”
  • Why not higher? It cannot be Band 4.0 or higher because there is no evidence of personal advocacy by the Dawsons (e.g., CFI donations) or systemic ideological marketing.

Final Assessment: Wilko (online) is a Passive Normalizer. It sustains the economic viability of Israeli export brands through inertia and commercial apathy, protected by a “Safe Harbor” of silence regarding the occupation.

Works cited

  1. Wilko – Wikipedia, accessed November 26, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilko
  2. Wilko to make comeback before year-end under CDS Superstores ownership, accessed November 26, 2025, https://retail-systems.com/rs/Wilko_Comeback_CDS_Superstores.php
  3. The Range (retailer) – Wikipedia, accessed November 26, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Range_(retailer)
  4. The Range owner Chris Dawson sees wealth surge to £2.5bn | Plymouth Live, accessed November 26, 2025, https://www.plymouthherald.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/range-owner-chris-dawson-sees-9287725
  5. ‘Del Boy billionaire’ steps in to save Homebase shops at risk from collapse, accessed November 26, 2025, https://www.the-independent.com/news/business/homebase-administration-chris-dawson-the-range-closures-b2646288.html
  6. OMB100 – Bishop Fleming, accessed November 26, 2025, https://www.bishopfleming.co.uk/sites/default/files/2025-07/omb_insiders_list_2025_0.pdf
  7. The Range urged to hand back millions of pounds in Covid-19 Government grants – ITVX, accessed November 26, 2025, https://www.itv.com/news/westcountry/2021-01-28/the-range-urged-to-hand-back-millions-of-pounds-in-covid-19-government-grants
  8. Christopher Dawson’s “Beyond Politics” – The Imaginative Conservative, accessed November 26, 2025, https://theimaginativeconservative.org/2024/03/christopher-dawson-beyond-politics-daniel-j-sundahl.html
  9. Catholics and Antisemitism in Germany and England, 1918 – 1939 – This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal, accessed November 26, 2025, https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/ws/files/2932024/423298.pdf
  10. 2025 WA State Election – Post Election Report – Western Australian Electoral Commission, accessed November 26, 2025, https://www.elections.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/SGE2025/Reports/WAEC9489%20State%20Election%20Post%20Election%20Report%20WEB.pdf
  11. 2western australian police force | annual report 2020 – Government of Western Australia, accessed November 26, 2025, https://www.wa.gov.au/system/files/2024-10/wa-police-force-annual-report-2020-print-version.pdf
  12. CDS Superstores appoints head of property to drive further expansion of its brands – Wilko, accessed November 26, 2025, https://www.wilko.com/en-uk/corporate/cds-superstores-appoints-head-of-property-to-drive-further-expansion-of-its-brands
  13. CDS Superstores aquires Homebase | wilko.com, accessed November 26, 2025, https://www.wilko.com/en-uk/corporate/cds-superstores-owners-of-the-range-and-wilko-aquire-homebase
  14. Israeli state power and the Zionist movement in the UK: the case of the counter- campaign against the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions – Sign in, accessed November 26, 2025, https://purehost.bath.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/187906374/AKED_Hilary_THESIS_FINAL_w_minor_corrections_completed_14_5_2018.pdf
  15. ANNUAL REPORT 2008, accessed November 26, 2025, https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/b/LSE_BVC_2008.pdf
  16. Corporate Watch, accessed November 26, 2025, https://corporatewatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Palestine_CW_report.pdf
  17. CDS Superstores announces support for NSPCC’s Letter from Santa initiative, accessed November 26, 2025, https://www.a1retailmagazine.com/christmas/cds-superstores-support-nspccs-letter-from-santa/
  18. 12 corporate partnerships supporting charities around the UK – UK Fundraising, accessed November 26, 2025, https://fundraising.co.uk/2020/08/10/12-corporate-partnerships-supporting-charities-around-the-uk/
  19. SodaStream Official: Sparkling Water Makers, Carbonating Gas Cylinders, accessed November 26, 2025, https://sodastream.com/
  20. SodaStream E-Terra Sparkling Water Maker -White 1012911010 – The Home Depot, accessed November 26, 2025, https://www.homedepot.com/p/SodaStream-E-Terra-Sparkling-Water-Maker-White-1012911010/325141406
  21. SodaStream Terra Sparkling Water Maker with CO2 and Carbonating Bottle Black – Target, accessed November 26, 2025, https://www.target.com/p/sodastream-terra-sparkling-water-maker-with-co2-and-carbonating-bottle-black/-/A-82797715
  22. Ecostream campaign victorious – Corporate Watch -, accessed November 26, 2025, https://corporatewatch.org/ecostream-campaign-victorious/
  23. Think Twice: Can companies do business with Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territories while respecting human rights? – Amnesty International UK, accessed November 26, 2025, https://www.amnesty.org.uk/files/2019-03/Think%20Twice%20report.pdf?BrN9N0VX3RkzTJROuKYC46LE43hCPtTu=
  24. Keter | Shop by Brand – Wilko, accessed November 26, 2025, https://www.wilko.com/en-uk/shop-by-brand/keter/c/6028
  25. All Keter – Wilko, accessed November 26, 2025, https://www.wilko.com/en-uk/shop-by-brand/keter/all-keter/c/6495
  26. Garage Storage | wilko.com, accessed November 26, 2025, https://www.wilko.com/en-uk/storage/garage-storage/c/2063?page=6&pageSize=48
  27. Norfolk Ukraine appeal overwhelmed with donations within hours of launch, accessed November 26, 2025, https://www.edp24.co.uk/news/20631761.norfolk-ukraine-appeal-overwhelmed-donations-within-hours-launch/
  28. Sale’s Stanley Square in all-day fundraiser for refugees from Ukraine, accessed November 26, 2025, https://www.messengernewspapers.co.uk/news/19980849.sales-stanley-square-all-day-fundraiser-refugees-ukraine/
  29. Industry enables families fleeing Ukraine gain access to banking facilities in UK | Insights, accessed November 26, 2025, https://www.ukfinance.org.uk/news-and-insight/blog/industry-enables-families-fleeing-ukraine-gain-access-banking-facilities-in
  30. Gaza, higher education, and the ethics of institutional neutrality | Wonkhe, accessed November 26, 2025, https://wonkhe.com/blogs/gaza-higher-education-and-the-ethics-of-institutional-neutrality/
  31. Why are US universities taking neutral stances on the Gaza war? – The New Arab, accessed November 26, 2025, https://www.newarab.com/features/why-are-us-universities-taking-neutral-stances-gaza-war
  32. Employee Handbook – garden-city.org, accessed November 26, 2025, https://www.garden-city.org/DocumentCenter/View/1399/City-of-Garden-City-Employee-Handbook-PDF
  33. GMB National Policy Guide 2024 – GMB Union, accessed November 26, 2025, https://www.gmb.org.uk/our-union/research-and-policy/policies-of-the-union
  34. The Range’s ‘Del Boy’ eyes £2bn market debut for discount chain | Money News – Sky News, accessed November 26, 2025, https://news.sky.com/story/the-ranges-del-boy-eyes-2bn-market-debut-for-discount-chain-11217215
  35. CDS Superstores unveils new-format stores at former Homebase sites – BHETA, accessed November 26, 2025, https://www.bheta.co.uk/news/cds-superstores-unveils-new-format-stores-at-former-homebase-sites

 

Related News & Articles