eBay Military Audit

1. Executive Intelligence Summary and Scope of Forensic Audit

1.1 Audit Objectives and Operational Parameters

This forensic audit has been executed in response to a specific directive from the Defense Logistics Analysis office to investigate the operational, material, and ideological complicity of eBay Inc. (NASDAQ: EBAY) regarding the State of Israel, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), and the settlement enterprise in the Occupied West Bank. The objective is to provide a rigorous, data-driven evidentiary basis for assessing the company’s position on the “Complicity Scale.”

The audit is structured to address four Core Intelligence Requirements (CIRs):

1. Direct Defense Contracting: Identification of prime contracts with the Israeli Ministry of Defense (IMOD).
2. Dual-Use & Tactical Supply: Analysis of the marketplace as a vector for “mil-spec” and tactical proliferation.
3. Logistical Sustainment: Examination of supply chains servicing IDF bases and West Bank settlements.
4. Supply Chain Integration: Assessment of technological and industrial integration with Israeli defense primes.

This report strictly adheres to a forensic methodology. It aggregates, verifies, and contextualizes data points derived from open-source intelligence (OSINT), corporate filings, logistics tracking data, and historical acquisition records. It refrains from issuing final moral judgments or “scores,” instead presenting a comprehensive evidentiary record to facilitate subsequent adjudication by defense policy analysts.

1.2 Corporate Operational Profile in the Target Zone

eBay Inc., a multinational e-commerce corporation headquartered in San Jose, California, has maintained a bifurcated operational presence in Israel for over two decades.¹

1. Technological Development (R&D): The company established significant Research and Development centers in Netanya and Tel Aviv, primarily through the acquisition of indigenous Israeli startups founded by veterans of the IDF’s elite intelligence units (Unit 8200).³ These centers were integral to eBay’s global “Structured Data” and “Computer Vision” initiatives.
2. Marketplace Logistics: eBay operates as a cross-border trade facilitator, utilizing a complex network of third-party logistics (3PL) providers—principally Pitney Bowes and local Israeli subcontractors—to deliver goods to the region.⁵

Operational Status Update (2024-2026): Intelligence indicates a material shift in eBay’s operational footprint. As of mid-2025, eBay has initiated the closure of its Israeli R&D center, with a complete cessation of these specific operations scheduled for the first quarter of 2026.² This divestment follows the earlier separation from PayPal in 2015, which held the bulk of the group’s cyber-security assets.⁸ While this reduces future technological integration, the historical transfer of capital and “dual-use” intellectual property remains a critical area of analysis.

2. Forensic Analysis of Technological Integration and Human Capital

This section addresses CIR 4 (Supply Chain Integration) and CIR 2 (Dual-Use Supply) by examining the “human capital” pipeline and the nature of technologies developed under eBay’s Israeli umbrella.

2.1 The “Silicon Wadi” Acquisition Strategy and Unit 8200

For the past two decades, eBay’s strategy for technological innovation relied heavily on the acquisition of Israeli startups. A forensic review of these acquisitions reveals a consistent pattern: the targeting of companies founded by alumni of Unit 8200 (the IDF’s Central Intelligence Collection Unit) and Unit 81 (Military Intelligence Technology Unit).

Unit 8200 is widely documented as the Israeli equivalent of the US National Security Agency (NSA) or British GCHQ. It is responsible for signal intelligence (SIGINT), code decryption, and the surveillance of the Palestinian population in the Occupied Territories.⁹ Technologies developed within this unit—specifically data mining, predictive behavioral analytics, and computer vision—are inherently dual-use. They serve military targeting purposes in a defense context and consumer targeting purposes in a commercial context.

2.1.1 Detailed Acquisition Ledger and Military Pedigree

The following table details the specific acquisitions that formed the backbone of eBay Israel, highlighting the military-intelligence background of the key personnel involved.

2.1.2 Profile: Dr. Kira Radinsky and the “Predictive” Doctrine

A focal point of the ideological and material integration is Dr. Kira Radinsky, who served as the Chief Scientist and Director of Data Science for eBay Israel following the acquisition of her company, SalesPredict.¹⁵

• Military Service: Dr. Radinsky served in Unit 81, an elite technology unit within the Military Intelligence Directorate. She has publicly stated that her service in Unit 81 provided the training necessary for her high-tech career, describing her fellow soldiers as “insanely amazing people”.¹⁵
• Technological Application: At eBay, Dr. Radinsky applied “predictive data mining” to e-commerce. The methodology involves analyzing vast datasets to predict future events or behaviors.
• Dual-Use Implication: This technology is conceptually identical to the “Targets Machine” and AI-powered decision support systems (like “Lavender” or “The Gospel”) used by the IDF to generate target lists in Gaza.¹⁰ The transfer of this expertise from Unit 81 to eBay, and the subsequent funding of this expertise by eBay, represents a “Human Capital Transfer” where the private sector monetizes and sustains the skills developed for military occupation.

2.1.3 Profile: Corrigon and Visual Surveillance

The acquisition of Corrigon in 2016 ¹⁴ brought advanced “Visual Search” capabilities to eBay.

• Technology: Corrigon’s algorithms identify objects within an image, matching them against a database even if the image is altered.
• Military Origins: This technology is a direct derivative of military “Object Recognition” systems used in UAV (drone) feeds and automated surveillance towers to identify vehicles, weaponry, or individuals.
• Integration: By acquiring Corrigon, eBay absorbed a team of specialists trained in these visual surveillance methodologies. The Netanya R&D center became a global hub for this “Structured Data” initiative, effectively turning eBay’s catalog management into a beneficiary of Israeli military R&D.¹⁷

2.2 The Netanya R&D Center: Operational Shutdown (2025-2026)

Intelligence confirms that eBay is in the process of dismantling this specific infrastructure.

• Status: In mid-2025, eBay announced the closure of the Israel R&D center, with full termination of operations by Q1 2026.²
• Impact on Complicity: This divestment severs the active link between eBay and the current generation of Unit 8200 graduates. It removes eBay as a current employer of this specific sector.
• Context: While officially cited as a restructuring move ¹⁹, the timing correlates with the protracted conflict in the region and the increasing instability of the Israeli tech sector due to reserve duty call-ups and economic volatility.⁷

3. Marketplace Forensics: Tactical Supply and Export Control Vectors

This section addresses CIR 2 (Dual-Use & Tactical Supply) and CIR 1 (Direct Defense Contracting).

3.1 The “Gray Zone” of Military Procurement

Forensic analysis of the eBay marketplace reveals that while there are no direct “Prime Vendor” contracts with the IMOD ²⁰, the platform functions as a critical “Gray Zone” supplier. This refers to the procurement of tactical gear, individual kit, and dual-use optics by individual soldiers, reserve units, or civilian security coordinators, bypassing formal procurement channels.

3.1.1 Availability of Tactical Material

Searches of the platform identify a robust inventory of “Mil-Spec” and tactical equipment available for purchase.

• Ballistic Protection: Listings for “3M Ballistic Helmets,” “Kevlar” vests, and plate carriers are periodically available.²¹ While eBay policy restricts “military-issued” body armor (specifically SAPI plates and Level IV armor), “commercially available” body armor is permitted.²²
• Optics and Sensors: The platform hosts listings for rifle scopes, red dot sights (e.g., Trijicon, EOTech), and night vision mounts.²³ These are critical force multipliers.
• IDF Surplus and Memorabilia: A significant micro-economy exists involving the sale of IDF uniforms, badges, and field gear (ephods, webbing). Sellers such as “ZITNICA COLLECTIBLES WORLD” ²⁴ operate directly from Israel, exporting and importing these goods. While categorized as “collectibles,” the widespread availability of current-issue uniforms (e.g., “Work uniforms,” “Field shirts”) supports the logistical needs of reservists who often purchase their own upgraded kit.

3.2 Export Control Vulnerabilities (ITAR/EAR)

The most significant area of “facilitated complicity” is eBay’s role as a vector for the illicit export of controlled defense articles. The US Government classifies many of these items under the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) or the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).

3.2.1 Documented Violations and Systemic Risk

Government reports (GAO, DOJ) confirm that eBay is frequently used to bypass these controls.

• Case Evidence (China/Navy): A US Navy employee (Ivy) utilized eBay to purchase export-controlled night vision sensors and unlawfully exported them to China.²³ This demonstrates the platform’s vulnerability: the seller on eBay (often a legitimate surplus store) ships to a US address, and the buyer forwards it.
• Case Evidence (Hezbollah): A GAO report documents a case where individuals used eBay to acquire night-vision devices for export to Hezbollah.²⁵
• Relevance to Israel: This mechanism is platform-agnostic. The same vulnerability allows Israeli entities (settler militias, private security firms, or individual soldiers) to acquire ITAR-controlled items (like Gen 3 Night Vision or advanced thermal scopes) that might otherwise be restricted or require specific end-user certificates (EUCs) if purchased directly from the manufacturer.²⁶
• Policy vs. Enforcement: eBay’s policy states that sellers must comply with ITAR.²⁷ However, the existence of listings for “ITAR Parts” and manuals ²⁸ indicates that enforcement is largely automated and reactive. The “Global Shipping Program” (GSP) relies on third-party vetting (Pitney Bowes), but “domestic-to-forwarder” transactions bypass this check entirely.

3.3 Direct Contracting Assessment

Finding: There is no evidence of direct contracting between eBay Inc. and the Israeli Ministry of Defense (IMOD).

• Vendor Registration: The IMOD requires a specific vendor registration process for US suppliers, involving the Department of Defense’s DSCA guidelines.²⁰ eBay does not appear in SIBAT directories or IMOD tender awards.
• Nature of Entity: As a B2C/C2C marketplace, eBay is ill-suited for the B2G (Business to Government) procurement model used by IMOD for major weapon systems (e.g., F-35s, Merkava parts).
• Indirect Sustainment: However, the individual procurement by soldiers (boots, watches, scopes, webbing) constitutes “sustainment by aggregation.” If 1,000 reservists buy tactical gloves on eBay, the platform has materially supported the operational readiness of those units.

4. Logistical Sustainment of the Occupation

This section addresses CIR 3 (Logistical Sustainment). The movement of goods is as critical as the production of goods. eBay’s logistics network in Israel is a key vector of analysis.

4.1 The Global Shipping Program (GSP) / eBay International Shipping (eIS)

eBay does not own the planes or trucks that deliver packages. It utilizes an aggregated logistics service.

• The Hub Model: US sellers ship to a domestic hub (e.g., in Kentucky or Illinois). eBay’s partners then handle the international leg.
• Primary Partner: Pitney Bowes Inc. is the primary technology and logistics partner for eBay’s GSP.⁶
• Complicity via Normalization: The GSP allows US sellers who would otherwise not ship internationally to easily ship to Israel. This lowers the barrier to entry for goods flowing into the Israeli market.

4.2 The “Last Mile” Problem: Israel Post and Settlement Service

Once a package arrives at Ben Gurion Airport, control passes to local entities.

• Israel Postal Company (Israel Post): The default carrier for standard eBay shipments.²⁹ Israel Post is a state-owned corporation. It is legally mandated to provide service to all Israeli citizens, including those residing in illegal settlements in the West Bank.
• Private Couriers (Flying Cargo / FedEx Israel): For expedited shipping, eBay partners (via Pitney Bowes) utilize private networks. Flying Cargo is a dominant logistics player in Israel.³¹ Flying Cargo also services the defense industry and maintains logistics centers that support national infrastructure.³²

4.2.1 Service to West Bank Settlements

A critical forensic indicator of “Occupation Support” is whether a company differentiates between Israel (1967 borders) and the Occupied Territories.

• Lack of Differentiation: eBay’s address forms and shipping calculators do not force a distinction. A buyer in Ariel, Ma’ale Adumim, or Efrat (illegal settlements) selects “Israel” as their country.³³
• Operational Outcome: The GSP system processes these orders, calculates Israeli import duties (transferring funds to the Israeli Tax Authority), and facilitates delivery to the settlement via Israel Post.
• Comparison with Palestinian Service: Conversely, service to the Palestinian Authority areas (West Bank – Area A/B) is often restricted or nonexistent via the GSP.³⁴ “Palestine” is frequently excluded from drop-down menus in GSP, or shipping costs are prohibitive.
• Ideological Implication: By treating settlements as contiguous with Israel while excluding Palestinian areas, eBay’s logistics architecture validates and normalizes the annexation of West Bank territory. It provides the “amenities of sovereignty” (global e-commerce access) to settlers.

4.3 Logistics Disruption and the 2025 “Pause”

It is essential to note that this logistical support is not unconditional; it is subject to risk assessment.

• Event: In June 2025, eBay temporarily paused eBay International Shipping (eIS) to Israel and Iraq.³⁶
• Cause: “Disruptions in service” and Israel Post declaring a “state of emergency”.³⁷
• Analysis: This pause was driven by commercial liability (Item Not Received claims), not ethical boycotts. The prompt resumption of services in July 2025 ³⁶ indicates the company’s intent to maintain the market link whenever physically possible.

5. Financial Forensics: Investment Flows and Capital Injection

This section addresses the broader economic support for the Israeli technology sector, which acts as the industrial base for the IDF.

5.1 eBay Ventures vs. PayPal Ventures

It is crucial to distinguish between the investment activities of eBay and its former subsidiary, PayPal.

• PayPal: Since the 2015 split, PayPal has aggressively invested in Israeli cybersecurity (e.g., CyActive, Deep Instinct).⁸ These investments are highly militarized in nature.
• eBay Ventures: Since 2015, eBay’s direct venture capital activity in Israel has been less defense-focused. Recent investments (2024-2025) focus on “Recommerce,” AI for fashion (Refiberd), and collectibles.³⁹
• Finding: eBay Ventures does not currently appear to be a major investor in Israeli defense-tech startups. The primary capital injection occurred during the 2005-2016 period (Shopping.com, The Gifts Project, Corrigon).

5.2 The “Exit” Economy

However, the impact of previous acquisitions ($100M+ injected into the ecosystem) persists.

• Wealth Transfer: The acquisition of companies like Fraud Sciences and Corrigon transferred significant wealth to founders who are Unit 8200 alumni.
• Recirculation: In the Israeli ecosystem, this capital is frequently “recycled” into new startups. For example, founders of acquired companies often become angel investors in the next generation of defense-tech. While indirect, eBay’s past acquisitions acted as a liquidity event that strengthened the financial viability of the “Silicon Wadi” defense-tech cluster.

6. Regulatory and Government Data Interaction

6.1 Transparency Reporting

A forensic audit must consider if eBay acts as an informant or data provider to Israeli security services.

• Data Request Volume: eBay’s transparency report for late 2023 shows only 1 government data request from Israel, which resulted in 0% disclosure.⁴¹
• Analysis: Compared to other tech giants (Meta, Google), eBay is not a primary target for intelligence data collection by the Israeli government. The low volume suggests its data (transaction history) is not central to the IDF’s surveillance requirements.

6.2 Government Relations and Lobbying

eBay maintains a “Government Relations” team that monitors trade regulations.⁴²

• Activity: The team actively lobbies for the reduction of cross-border friction. In the context of Israel, this aligns with the state’s interest in maintaining open trade lanes despite international pressure or boycotts (BDS).
• Anti-Boycott Compliance: Snippet ⁴⁴ reveals that pro-Israel legal groups (e.g., those citing “Federal and state anti-boycott legislation”) aggressively monitor eBay for any sign of “discriminatory” pricing or service refusal to Israel. eBay’s compliance with these demands—ensuring continued service to settlements—is partly a function of navigating this US anti-boycott legal framework.

7. Data Synthesis and Summary of Evidentiary Findings

This section synthesizes the raw intelligence into classified categories of integration. It does not assign a score but presents the “Weight of Evidence.”

7.1 Summary of Material Support

7.2 The “Dual-Use” Technology Paradox

The audit highlights a critical nuance: Computer Vision.

• Civilian Application: eBay uses it to let a user find a pair of sneakers by uploading a photo.
• Military Application: The same underlying algorithms (Object Recognition, Visual Fingerprinting) are used by the IDF to identify suspects or vehicles from drone footage.
• Transfer: By acquiring Corrigon (founded by Unit 8200 alumni), eBay did not just buy software; it subsidized the maintenance of this high-level skill set within the Israeli labor pool. The engineers working on eBay’s visual search are effectively maintaining a skill reserve that is callable by the IDF during conflicts.

7.3 The Logistics of Normalization

The most persistent form of complicity identified is logistical normalization. By integrating Israeli settlements into the “Global Shipping Program” on equal footing with Tel Aviv, while excluding or restricting service to Palestinian cities like Ramallah (which often require complex workarounds), eBay materially supports the economic viability of the settlement enterprise. This aligns the company’s operations with the de facto annexation of the West Bank.

8. Appendices: Supporting Data Tables

Appendix A: Detailed Logistics Partner Profile

Appendix B: Export Control & ITAR Violation Precedents

These cases demonstrate the systemic vulnerability of the eBay platform to be used for illicit defense exports.

Appendix C: Key Personnel & Unit 8200 Linkages (Historical)

Appendix D: West Bank Settlement Delivery Verification

Data derived from shipping policy analysis and user reports.

• Policy: eBay International Shipping (eIS) terms do not exclude West Bank settlements.⁵
• Practice: Users in settlements (e.g., Ariel) successfully register with “Israel” as the country.³³
• Infrastructure: Delivery relies on Israel Post’s “Mobile Post” (Na’im) lines which service settlement blocs.
• Fiscal Support: Import duties paid by settlement residents on eBay purchases are transferred to the Israeli Treasury, financially supporting the state apparatus.

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