06-main-dossier.md - BDS-1000 Corporate Dossier: Asda Stores Ltd

Key Findings

• Economic: Asda imports settlement-origin produce - including Medjoul dates from Mehadrin and Hadiklaim, peppers, avocados, and further agricultural lines - via its wholly-owned IPL subsidiary, despite an internal Transparency and Supply Chain Monitoring Policy that expressly lists the Occupied Palestinian Territories as a prohibited sourcing region, creating a documented implementation gap between stated policy and commercial practice.¹²³
• Political: In March 2022 Asda made a named, financially quantified public response to the Ukraine war - pledging £1 million, removing all Russian-origin products, and mobilising logistics for humanitarian relief - but no equivalent corporate statement, charitable pledge, or product action has been identified in response to the Gaza conflict since October 2023, nor in response to the ICJ Advisory Opinion of July 2024 or the ICC arrest warrants of November 2024.
• Digital: From May 2022, Asda deployed Bringg - a Tel Aviv-headquartered last-mile delivery and omnichannel fulfilment platform - for UK home delivery and click-and-collect operations, constituting a confirmed Israeli-origin technology dependency through which UK consumer delivery data is handled by an Israeli-jurisdiction company.
• Not found: No military or defence nexus has been identified; Asda does not appear in the UN OHCHR settlement-businesses database, the PAX report on companies arming Israel, or any IDF procurement record.⁴

Target Profile

Key Facts:

• Asda was founded in the United Kingdom in 1949 as Associated Dairies; it has no Israeli founding or incorporation history.
• IPL (International Procurement & Logistics Ltd) is a wholly-owned Asda direct-sourcing subsidiary, Companies House no. 05104448, established in 2004.⁹¹⁰
• TDR Capital LLP is a pan-European mid-market private equity firm founded in 2002 by Manjit Dale and Stephen Robertson; no Israel-specific investments, political donations, or state affiliations have been identified for TDR or its principals.¹¹
• Walmart Inc retains a 10% minority stake and board representation following the 2021 majority sale.⁶

Executive Summary

Asda Stores Ltd is the United Kingdom’s second-largest grocery supermarket chain, operating approximately 600 stores and serving millions of customers weekly. Its documented nexus to the Israel/Palestine conflict is concentrated in two areas - settlement produce sourcing through its wholly-owned import subsidiary and an Israeli-origin technology deployment - and in a comparative political silence on Gaza that contrasts with its documented Ukraine response. There is no identified military, defence, or direct operational nexus with Israeli state entities.

The most substantiated economic vector is Asda’s sourcing of Israeli and settlement-origin agricultural produce through IPL. Audit evidence documents Mehadrin Medjoul dates sold under Asda’s own-brand “Extra Special” label as of January 2020; Hadiklaim dates and further settlement-linked product lines (peppers, avocados, citrus, tahini, halva, and bakery items from suppliers including Miriam, Shoham, Galilee Export, and Achdut-Achva) named in the International Centre of Justice for Palestinians (ICJP) legal notice served on Asda in October 2024; and Jordan Valley peppers documented by Who Profits.¹² This sourcing takes place despite Asda’s own Transparency and Supply Chain Monitoring Policy, which expressly lists the Occupied Palestinian Territories as a prohibited sourcing region - a documented gap between stated policy and commercial practice.³ The ICJP notice cited potential director-level criminal liability under the International Criminal Court Act 2001 and the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002.² No public Asda response to that notice has been identified.

The second documented nexus is digital. In May 2022, Asda selected Bringg - a Tel Aviv-headquartered SaaS platform founded in 2013 by Raanan Cohen and Lior Sion - to manage last-mile delivery and click-and-collect operations covering approximately 99% of UK homes. As an Israeli-jurisdiction company, Bringg processes UK consumer delivery data, including home addresses, order details, driver assignments, and routing events, under Israeli legal jurisdiction. This is a confirmed data-exposure vector. Bringg is, however, a civilian commercial logistics platform; no military mandate or IDF supply relationship has been identified for Bringg in any primary source. Asda’s May 2026 Ocado Group partnership, scheduled for deployment from early 2027 and expressly covering last-mile planning functionality, is publicly expected to displace the Bringg/Blue Yonder stack; no formal termination has yet been announced, and the relationship should be re-verified post-migration.

The political dimension is characterised principally by an asymmetric corporate response. Asda made a named, financially quantified public solidarity pledge for Ukraine in March 2022 - £1 million donated, Russian-origin products removed nationwide, logistics mobilised for humanitarian relief - but no equivalent statement, pledge, or product action has been documented in response to the Gaza conflict since October 2023. Civil society pressure has intensified, including an ICJP legal notice, a PSC petition exceeding 18,455 signatories, and formal letters to DEFRA, none of which Asda has publicly addressed.

What the evidence does not support is important to record. No military nexus has been identified. Asda has no IDF contract, no dual-use export licence, and no defence supply-chain relationship. It does not appear in the UN OHCHR settlement-businesses database, the PAX arms-industry report, Amnesty International’s September 2025 economic-complicity analysis, or AFSC Investigate.⁴ An advocacy allegation that revenues flow through TDR Capital to portfolio company Aggreko for purported IDF base power supply rests entirely on a single source (openintel.uk/asda/) that returned HTTP 404 at the time of research; no independent corroboration was identified, and the claim cannot be substantiated on available evidence. The resulting BDS-1000 score is BRS 191, Tier E (Minimal) - reflecting genuine economic and political exposure through settlement produce trade and comparative corporate silence, but no military involvement and no direct participation in Israeli state functions.

Timeline of Relevant Events

Corporate Overview

Asda Stores Ltd is incorporated in England and Wales and headquartered in Leeds. Founded in 1949 as Associated Dairies, it was acquired by Walmart Inc in 1999 and operated as a Walmart subsidiary until 2021, when Walmart sold its majority interest to a consortium comprising the Issa brothers and TDR Capital LLP. Walmart retained a 10% minority stake with board representation under the 2021 deal terms.⁶ In November 2024, TDR Capital acquired Zuber Issa’s 22.5% stake to become 67.5% majority owner, with Mohsin Issa retaining 22.5% as a non-executive director.⁵¹³

The subsidiary most relevant to Asda’s Israel nexus is International Procurement & Logistics Ltd (IPL), a wholly-owned direct-sourcing company registered with Companies House (no. 05104448), established in 2004 to bypass intermediaries and contract directly with overseas producers.⁹¹⁰ IPL describes itself as one of the UK’s largest produce importers; its public-facing website contains no reference to Israel or settlement suppliers. IPL’s direct-contracting model renders Asda the importer of record for settlement-origin produce. Whether the Jordan Valley sourcing relationships documented in early 2020 remained operative at the same scale through 2024–2026 has not been confirmed in primary corporate disclosures reviewed during this audit.

Asda has no operational presence - no stores, offices, warehouses, or tax registrations - within Israel or the Occupied Palestinian Territories. It has no Israeli state-linked governance mechanism, no golden share structure, and no founding documents connecting its commercial mandate to Israeli or any other state’s geopolitical objectives.

The technology dependency on Bringg is addressed in the Digital domain summary. The planned Ocado Group partnership, announced May 2026 and scheduled for go-live from early 2027, is publicly expected to assume last-mile planning and in-store fulfilment functions currently held in part by Bringg/Blue Yonder; no formal termination of the Bringg relationship has been announced.

Domain Summaries

Military: Military

Mechanism of Involvement

No mechanism of military involvement has been identified. Asda is a grocery and general merchandise retailer with no manufacturing operations, no dual-use export classifications, and no defence supply-chain capabilities in any product category.

Asda is a signatory to the UK Armed Forces Covenant, recorded on the government’s official register as signing on 14 November 2022. Under the Covenant, Asda committed to voluntary civilian pledges - guaranteeing interviews to veterans, granting additional leave to reservists, and supporting military spouses - and reported hiring more than 1,000 colleagues from the armed forces community. The Covenant is a domestic corporate responsibility instrument, not a defence supply contract, and it carries no IDF-adjacent dimension.

No public evidence has been identified of any contract, tender, framework agreement, or memorandum of understanding between Asda and the Israeli Ministry of Defence, the IDF, the Israel Prison Service, the Israel Border Police, or any other Israeli state security body. Asda does not appear in the SIBAT (Israel Defence Export Directorate) supplier directory. Asda does not appear in the UN OHCHR database of businesses involved in Israeli settlement operations (A/HRC/60/19, September 2025 update), in which UK entities listed include JCB, Greenkote, and Booking.com.⁴ Asda is not featured in the PAX report The Companies Arming Israel and Their Financiers (June 2024), is not identified in Amnesty International’s September 2025 economic-complicity report, and is not designated a BDS Movement priority economic boycott target.

An indirect ownership argument was made in the advocacy source openintel.uk/asda/ alleging that Asda revenues flowing to TDR Capital cross-subsidise TDR portfolio company Aggreko, which was alleged to supply power infrastructure to military bases including operations in Israel. This source returned HTTP 404 at the time of research and its content, citations, and methodology could not be verified. Aggreko’s own military sector webpage, accessed June 2026, markets temporary power solutions for military camps globally but names no specific client countries and contains no reference to Israel, the IDF, or any Israeli state security body. The indirect revenue-flow argument consequently rests entirely on a single inaccessible source and cannot be substantiated on available evidence.

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

The counter-arguments to any military nexus claim are exceptionally strong. Asda has no manufacturing capability, no dual-use products, and no defence-sector commercial relationships of any kind. The Armed Forces Covenant is a domestic civilian instrument with no IDF dimension. The TDR/Aggreko revenue-chain claim rests on a source that is not accessible and was not independently corroborated; the Military audit itself flags this as unverifiable and does not attribute it weight. Asda’s absence from all authoritative tracking databases - OHCHR, PAX, Amnesty, AFSC Investigate, and BDS priority lists - is affirmatively exculpatory.⁴ No evidence supports military scoring above zero, and none was applied.

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Digital: Digital

Mechanism of Involvement

The single confirmed Israeli-origin technology dependency in Asda’s digital supply chain is Bringg, a Tel Aviv-headquartered SaaS last-mile delivery and omnichannel fulfilment platform. Asda selected Bringg in May 2022 - deployed alongside Blue Yonder’s Luminate Commerce order-management platform - to manage home delivery, click-and-collect, and express-commerce operations covering approximately 99% of UK homes. Bringg is headquartered at 132 Derech Menachem Begin, Tel Aviv, was founded in 2013 by Raanan Cohen and Lior Sion, and reached unicorn status (approximately $1 billion valuation) following a 2021 Series E funding round. As an Israeli-jurisdiction company, Bringg processes UK consumer delivery data - home addresses, order details, driver assignments, and routing and timing events - under Israeli legal jurisdiction. Whether Bringg contractually guarantees UK/EU-localised data residency for Asda, or whether Asda data may transit Israeli-based processing infrastructure, has not been established in publicly available sources; this remains an open question. Bringg is investor-backed by Viola Growth, an Israeli technology growth-capital fund; the broader Viola Group venture arm lists defence technology among its investment verticals, though no direct IDF procurement or intelligence mandate attributable to Bringg itself has been identified in any primary source.

Three further Israeli-origin dependencies were assessed as plausible but unconfirmed by the Digital audit:

• Trax Retail (shelf analytics, Israeli-founded, now Singapore-domiciled): A September/October 2024 trade publication reported Trax “won the Asda partnership” for in-store shelf analytics. No Asda corporate statement or Trax press release confirming a live deployment has been identified. Status: plausible, unconfirmed.
• Quicklizard (AI dynamic pricing, Tel Aviv Stock Exchange-listed): Asda’s Publicis Sapient partnership (from February 2023) creates a structural pathway for Quicklizard introduction, as Publicis Sapient holds a confirmed equity stake and board seat at Quicklizard. No Asda procurement disclosure or Quicklizard material-event filing confirming an Asda contract has been identified. Status: plausible, unconfirmed.
• SentinelOne (endpoint security, Israeli-founded): Cyderes, confirmed as Asda’s managed-security integration partner in December 2024, lists SentinelOne as a primary MDR technology partner. Whether SentinelOne tooling is specifically deployed within Asda’s environment has not been disaggregated in any public source. No direct Asda–SentinelOne licensing relationship is evidenced. Status: plausible, indirect only; unconfirmed.

Wayve: Wayve conducted an autonomous grocery delivery trial with Asda at Park Royal from 2021 to 2023. Wayve AI Technologies Israel Ltd was incorporated in Herzliya, Israel in June 2024 - more than a year after the Asda trial concluded. No documented evidence has been identified that the Israeli subsidiary was operational during the trial period or that Israeli infrastructure processed Asda delivery data.

Asda’s Microsoft Azure deployment (primary cloud platform, “Project Future” initiative, approximately 1,200 stores) uses UK regions. No public confirmation has been identified that Asda’s data processing agreements explicitly exclude Microsoft Azure Israel Central from data transit or backup routing. No direct Asda participation in Project Nimbus or any equivalent Israeli state cloud programme has been identified; the Project Nimbus contract is between Microsoft/Amazon and Israeli government entities, and Asda’s Azure usage relates to UK retail operations.

Asda’s March 2025 FaiceTech live facial-recognition trial (five Greater Manchester stores) involves a UK-incorporated company (Companies House no. 13392772, Altrincham) with no confirmed Israeli founders, investors, R&D operations, or algorithm-licensor chain. FaiceTech states it owns every line of its code and does not license algorithms from overseas providers. This deployment is a UK-domestic privacy matter and does not constitute a Digital Israel-nexus finding.

Temporal note: Asda’s May 2026 Ocado Group partnership, with go-live from early 2027, explicitly covers “software to support last mile planning and route efficiency” - directly overlapping Bringg’s deployed function. No formal termination of the Bringg relationship has been announced. On available evidence the Bringg data-exposure vector should be treated as live as of June 2026, but on a publicly announced displacement path; the relationship and its scoring relevance should be re-verified after the 2027 Ocado migration.

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

Bringg is a civilian commercial logistics platform with no identified military mandate, IDF procurement relationship, or surveillance function; its defence-adjacent investor linkage (Viola Group) is indirect and does not constitute an operational connection. Trax, Quicklizard, and SentinelOne exposures each remain unconfirmed by any Asda first-party statement and are properly assessed as plausible dependencies only. The Wayve Israeli subsidiary postdates the Asda trial and no Israeli infrastructure processing Asda data during the trial has been evidenced. No Israeli surveillance, intelligence-sector, or military technology has been confirmed in Asda’s operational stack. The planned Ocado migration, if completed as announced, will eliminate the Bringg dependency.

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Economic: Economic

Mechanism of Involvement

The primary economic vector is Asda’s sourcing of Israeli agricultural products - a portion of which originate from settlement operations in the occupied West Bank, the Jordan Valley, and the Golan Heights - imported via its wholly-owned direct-procurement subsidiary IPL.⁹¹⁰

Documented products and suppliers include:

• Mehadrin: Medjoul dates sold under Asda’s “Extra Special” own-brand label, documented in January 2020.¹ Mehadrin operates date packing and storage at Jordan Valley settlement sites including Gilgal, Tomer, Na’aran, and Netiv Hagdud; a grape packing house in Beka’ot settlement; and mango packing via its 50%-owned subsidiary Miriam Shoham in Ramot settlement, Golan Heights.
• Hadiklaim: Named in the ICJP October 2024 legal notice as a supplier of settlement-sourced dates distributed via Asda.²
• Galilee Export, Miriam, Shoham, Achdut-Achva: All named in the ICJP legal notice as exporters of settlement goods to Asda, covering dates, mangos, avocados, tahini, halva, and bakery items.²
• Galilee red grapefruit: Documented as settlement-sourced produce supplied to Asda.
• Yarden-brand houmous (three products: Classic, Prestige Za’atar, and Lite 250g, all listed on the live Asda website during research): Yarden is an Israeli brand under the Osem Group. Settlement-origin status of these specific houmous products was not confirmed through primary evidence in this audit and should be treated as unresolved.

The UK imported £24.7 million worth of dates from Israel in 2024, representing 32% of total UK date imports.¹⁴ IPL’s direct-contracting model renders Asda the importer of record for settlement-origin produce; two UK companies - IPL and Watts Farms - were identified in Corporate Occupation’s Apartheid in the Fields (2020 update) as directly importing Israeli produce for Asda, with IPL alleged to contract directly with a packing house in the Jordan Valley.¹ Whether this specific sourcing relationship remained operative at the same scale through 2024–2026 was not confirmed in any primary corporate disclosure reviewed.

Asda’s own Transparency and Supply Chain Monitoring Policy expressly lists the “Occupied Palestinian Territories” among prohibited sourcing regions alongside Xinjiang, Russia, and Myanmar.³ Products labelled “packed in Israel” nonetheless continued to appear on Asda shelves as of 2024, representing a documented implementation gap. UK DEFRA issued voluntary labelling guidance in 2009 requiring settlement goods to be distinguished from Israeli goods on packaging, but no mandatory enforcement mechanism exists.¹²

No direct Israeli capital investments by Asda have been identified. No Asda R&D facilities or innovation centres in Israel exist. Walmart’s separate Israeli corporate activities - acquisition of NLP startup Aspectiva in 2019¹⁵ and participation in the Unit 8200-linked Team8 cybersecurity fund in 2018 and 2024¹⁶ - are Walmart corporate decisions made under Walmart’s own authority as a 10% minority shareholder; no primary source attributes them to Asda’s operations, and they are appropriately discounted under standard entity-attribution principles. Asda has no operations in Israel and therefore no profit flows from Israeli operations.

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

Asda’s formal supply chain policy prohibits OPT sourcing - the documented gap between policy and practice is a compliance failure, not an affirmative policy choice to support settlement trade. Whether the IPL–Jordan Valley relationship documented in early 2020 was maintained at the same operational scale through 2026 is not confirmed in primary corporate disclosures. Asda has no operational presence in Israel and generates no profits from Israeli operations. Walmart’s Aspectiva acquisition and Team8 investments are minority-shareholder decisions of a 10% holder and cannot be attributed to Asda under standard entity-attribution principles. The ICJP legal notice alleges potential criminal liability; no court proceedings, convictions, or enforcement actions against Asda have been identified. UK labelling law has no mandatory enforcement mechanism for settlement goods.

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Political: Political

Mechanism of Involvement

Comparative corporate silence on Gaza. The clearest documented political vector is Asda’s asymmetric response to comparable geopolitical events. In March 2022, co-owner Mohsin Issa issued a named public solidarity statement on Ukraine (“We stand with our customers and colleagues who are shocked by the Russian invasion of Ukraine”), Asda pledged £1 million through Asda and the Asda Foundation, removed all Russian-origin products from stores nationwide, and mobilised logistics infrastructure to deliver essential supplies to Poland for onward humanitarian distribution. No analogous public communication, monetary pledge, product removal, or logistics mobilisation has been documented in response to the Gaza conflict since October 2023, the ICJ Advisory Opinion of 19 July 2024, or the ICC arrest warrants of November 2024. The Asda Foundation awarded £3.2 million in 2,603 grants to UK local community groups in 2024, focused on food poverty and grassroots activity; no Gaza or Palestine humanitarian component has been identified within that programme.

Historical public position on settlement sourcing. Asda’s documented corporate position dates to at least 2009, when a representative told a campaigner: “It is very difficult for Asda to take a position on behalf of all our customers over politically controversial issues such as the current conflict you refer to [the occupation of Palestine]. On the sourcing of products from overseas we are always guided by the position of the UK Government and by the European Union on trade policy.” In 2007, Asda initially denied stocking West Bank goods following an ITN report and later acknowledged that such products were found in stores. This posture of commercial normalisation and deference to UK Government guidance has remained Asda’s consistent public stance. No updated public statement specifically addressing settlement sourcing following October 2023 has been identified.

Legal pressure and civil society scrutiny. The ICJP served formal legal notice on Asda on 30 October 2024, citing potential director-level criminal liability under Section 52 of the International Criminal Court Act 2001 and Sections 328 and 329 of the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, with a fourteen-day response deadline.² No public Asda response has been identified. In December 2024, ICJP wrote to DEFRA Secretary of State Steve Reed MP calling for legislation prohibiting settlement goods imports, with Asda named among non-compliant retailers. The Palestine Solidarity Campaign maintains an active petition targeting Asda and seven other UK supermarkets calling for cessation of all Israeli produce stocking, which exceeded 18,455 signatories. War on Want names Asda among five UK supermarkets targeted for settlement sourcing campaigns.¹⁷ In May 2021, Lasair Dhearg / BDS Belfast activists removed “Made in Israel” goods from an Asda West Belfast store and delivered them to management. In March 2022, the Islamic Human Rights Commission addressed a letter specifically to Mohsin and Zuber Issa urging cessation of settlement date stocking; no public Asda response has been identified. The Co-op became the first UK supermarket to commit to not stocking Israeli goods across all its locations; Asda has made no equivalent commitment.¹⁷

Technology partnership - Bringg and investor linkage. Bringg, the confirmed Israeli last-mile platform deployed by Asda from May 2022, is backed by Viola Growth, an Israeli technology growth-capital fund within the Viola Group. The Viola Group’s venture arm explicitly lists defence technology among its investment verticals. No public evidence has been identified of a direct IDF procurement or intelligence mandate for Bringg specifically, and this linkage is indirect and investor-level rather than operational.

Governance and lobbying. No lobbying registrations for Israel-Palestine-related policy, party political donations connected to pro-Israel causes, or membership of Conservative Friends of Israel, AIPAC, FIDF, ADL, or equivalent organisations have been identified for Asda corporate or its board members.⁷⁸¹¹ Lord Stuart Rose’s documented career encompasses M&S CEO, Ocado Chairman, and leadership of the official Remain campaign in the 2016 EU referendum; a claim in the inaccessible OpenIntel UK advocacy dossier that Lord Rose “actively defended Israel’s record on humanitarian aid in a parliamentary capacity (December 2024)” could not be verified against any primary source and is flagged as unverified. No Israeli defence or settlement affiliations have been identified for any current Asda board member. An advocacy claim that Asda staff were disciplined for wearing Palestine badges was not corroborated by any independently traceable primary source and is similarly unverified.

Walmart minority-shareholder actions. Walmart Foundation donated $1 million to Magen David Adom (MDA) on 29 October 2023 and pledged $1 million to the US Holocaust Museum with up to $3 million in employee matching. Walmart participated as an investor in Team8’s $85 million (2018) and $500 million (2024) capital raises; Team8 was co-founded by former IDF Unit 8200 commander Nadav Zafrir.¹⁶ These were Walmart corporate decisions; no primary source attributes them to Asda’s operations, and a 10% minority shareholder’s unilateral philanthropic and investment decisions do not constitute an Asda act under standard entity-attribution principles.

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

Asda is a private grocery retailer with no state-mandated geopolitical mission, no golden shares, and no founding documents linking its mandate to any state’s geopolitical goals. Its consistent stance of deferring to UK Government trade policy is a legally defensible corporate governance position, particularly where UK law does not prohibit settlement goods imports. The asymmetric Ukraine/Gaza corporate response, while politically material as a comparator, does not in itself constitute a documented act of support for Israeli state operations - it is an absence of action rather than an affirmative pro-Israel position. Walmart’s MDA donation and Team8 investments are minority-shareholder decisions and are appropriately discounted from Asda’s own score. TDR Capital, holding 67.5% of Asda, has no documented Israeli political affiliations or investments.¹¹ No lobbying, political financing, or formal advocacy for Israeli state interests has been identified. The unverified Palestine badge disciplinary claim and the unverified Lord Rose parliamentary claim must be carried as unverified and do not contribute to scoring.

Named Entities and Evidence Map

BDS-1000 Score (V4)

• V_MAX: 2.55 Sum_OTHERS: 2.56
• BRS Score: 191 Tier: E (Minimal)

Political is the lead domain at V=2.55, driven by settlement produce sourcing (shared with Economic), comparative corporate silence on Gaza against a documented Ukraine precedent, and unaddressed civil society and legal pressure. Economic follows at 2.36, reflecting the same settlement-sourcing base with an economic directness premium from the IPL direct-import model. The marginal difference between Political and Economic (0.19 points) reflects the higher Proximity score assigned to political normalisation of settlement trade relative to its purely economic dimension. Digital at 0.20 reflects the Bringg dependency as a confirmed but commercially civilian technology relationship with a data-exposure dimension and no military or surveillance character. The zero Military score reflects the complete and affirmatively confirmed absence of any defence nexus. BRS 191 / Tier E (Minimal) places Asda in the lowest tier of documented involvement - genuine, evidence-based exposure through settlement supply chains and comparative political silence, but no operational Israeli presence, no military involvement, and no direct participation in Israeli state functions.

Scores are fixed, human-vetted V4 values produced through a process in which several companies’ scores were reduced or zeroed where allegations did not withstand verification; they are not altered in this dossier. The method applies scale-free Impact (activity type and severity), Magnitude (scale and intensity of involvement), and Proximity (directness of the nexus to Israeli state operations or settlement economy) within each domain; outputs are evidence-only and incorporate temporal and entity-attribution rules.

Methodology Note

• Evidence-only sourcing: All claims in this dossier derive exclusively from the four domain audits (Military, Digital, Economic, Political). Claims made in advocacy sources that could not be independently verified against primary documents are carried with explicit caveats. Claims from sources that were inaccessible at the time of research (specifically openintel.uk/asda/, HTTP 404) are flagged throughout and do not contribute to scores. Where audits found no supporting evidence, this dossier records “No public evidence identified.”
• Scoring formula: Each domain score is a scale-free composite of three vetted sub-scores: I (Impact - the qualitative type and severity of the activity), M (Magnitude - the scale or intensity of involvement), and P (Proximity - the directness of the nexus to Israeli state operations or the settlement economy). The BRS is derived from V_MAX and the sum of the remaining domain scores; a higher BRS indicates weaker overall nexus.
• Temporal rule: Divested, terminated, or exited operations are mitigated in scoring. The Bringg relationship is assessed as live as of June 2026 but on a publicly announced displacement path (Ocado go-live from 2027); this distinction is material and the relationship should be re-verified post-migration before any rescoring.
• Entity attribution: Complicity is not attributed transitively. Walmart’s MDA donation and Team8 investments are acts of a 10% minority shareholder taken under Walmart’s own authority and are not attributed to Asda. The TDR Capital/Aggreko indirect revenue-chain allegation required a live, verifiable primary source; absent one, it was scored at zero. Bringg’s investor-level linkage to Viola Group (which lists defence technology among venture verticals) is noted but does not constitute an operational IDF connection attributable to Asda.
• Settlement dual-count: Settlement sourcing operations are scored across both Economic and Political, reflecting the dual commercial and political-normative character of settlement trade. This is a methodological design feature, not double-counting of a single evidential finding.
• “No public evidence identified”: Used throughout the domain audits and this dossier wherever research, database checks, and source reviews returned no qualifying result, in accordance with the documentary epistemics of the BDS-1000 framework. The absence of evidence is recorded as such; it is not treated as evidence of absence unless affirmatively confirmed by database checks (as in the OHCHR, PAX, Amnesty, and AFSC cases).

End Notes