Military Forensic Audit: Fiverr International Ltd.

Audit Phase: Military - Military, Defence & Security Supply Chain Research Currency: June 2026 Entity: Fiverr International Ltd. (NYSE: FVRR); Cayman Islands incorporation; principal operations in Tel Aviv, Israel

Fiverr International Ltd. operates a global online freelance marketplace that connects buyers of digital services with independent professionals. The company does not manufacture physical goods of any description. This audit examines Fiverr’s position across the Military domain, covering direct defence contracting, dual-use goods, construction and infrastructure, defence prime supply chain integration, logistical sustainment, weapons systems, export controls, and civil society scrutiny. Board members’ historical professional backgrounds and post-October 2023 wartime activities are assessed where relevant to the Military evaluation.

Direct Defence Contracting & Procurement

No verified contract, tender award, framework agreement, or memorandum of understanding between Fiverr International Ltd. and the Israeli Ministry of Defence (IMOD), the Israel Defence Forces (IDF), Israel Prison Service, or Israel Border Police has been identified in any accessible public record ¹²³⁴⁵. Systematic review of the OHCHR September 2025 updated database of businesses involved in Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank (158 named companies), UN Special Rapporteur report A/HRC/59/23, the PAX for Peace June 2024 report on companies arming Israel and their financiers, and the AFSC Investigate company database confirmed that Fiverr does not appear in any of these listings ¹²³⁴⁵.

No public evidence identified of Fiverr appearing in SIBAT (Israel’s Defence Export and Defence Cooperation Directorate) product or vendor directories, international defence exhibition catalogues, or any government procurement registry in any jurisdiction.

No public evidence identified of corporate press releases, government announcements, joint venture filings, or partnership agreements documenting defence cooperation between Fiverr and any Israeli or foreign defence entity.

Dual-Use Products & Tactical Variants

Fiverr’s commercially stated business model is the facilitation of digital freelance transactions between buyers and service providers via an online platform; the company does not manufacture, distribute, or export physical goods of any description ⁶⁷. Fiverr’s annual SEC filings contain no disclosures of products subject to dual-use export control classifications, national munitions list categories, or end-user certification requirements ⁶⁷.

Fiverr’s principal offices are located at 8 Eliezer Kaplan Street, Tel Aviv, which sits at the southern boundary of HaKirya - the compound housing IDF General Staff headquarters and the Israeli Ministry of Defence; Eliezer Kaplan Street forms HaKirya’s southern perimeter ⁸. This is a geographic proximity fact and does not constitute a supply, contractual, or intelligence-sharing relationship.

No public evidence identified of dual-use, militarised, or tactically adapted product lines in Fiverr’s commercial portfolio.

No public evidence identified of export licence applications, end-user certificates, or government export control reviews relating to Fiverr’s products or services applied to any defence or security end-user.

Heavy Machinery, Construction & Infrastructure

No public evidence identified. Fiverr does not operate in the construction, demolition, physical infrastructure, or heavy equipment sectors ⁶⁷. The company has no identified product lines, subsidiaries, or business units that supply, lease, or maintain construction equipment, earthmoving machinery, modular infrastructure, or field engineering services. No evidence of Fiverr’s involvement in any physical construction or infrastructure project in the West Bank, East Jerusalem, the Golan Heights, Gaza, or within Israel proper has been identified in any accessible public record, including the OHCHR settlement database, A/HRC/59/23, or the PAX companies report ¹²³.

Supply Chain Integration with Defence Primes

No public evidence identified of any supply relationship between Fiverr International Ltd. and Israeli or international defence prime contractors. No component supply, sub-system manufacture, technology licensing, raw material provision, or manufacturing service relationship between Fiverr and Elbit Systems, Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI), Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, Israel Military Industries (IMI), or equivalent foreign primes has been documented in accessible public records ³⁴.

No public evidence identified of joint development programmes, co-production arrangements, or technology transfer agreements between Fiverr and any defence manufacturer.

Governance connection - Ron Gutler and NICE Systems Ltd.: Fiverr’s Lead Independent Director Ron Gutler (appointed to the board April 2019; Lead Independent Director from May 2021) served as Chairperson of NICE Systems Ltd. from May 2002 through February 2013 ⁹. NICE Systems was founded in 1986 by engineers who had developed recording and logging software for the IDF and initially targeted international defence markets, providing COMINT systems ¹⁰. The company exited the defence market in the early 2000s, completing the divestiture of its COMINT and military-specific operations by approximately 2003 - shortly after Gutler’s appointment as Chairman ¹⁰. In April 2015 - more than two years after the conclusion of Gutler’s chairmanship - NICE sold its Cyber and Intelligence division to Elbit Systems for $157.9 million ¹¹. Gutler’s chairmanship thus largely overlapped with NICE’s transition away from military contracts rather than its peak military period; no supply relationship between Fiverr and Elbit Systems or any other defence prime descending from this historical governance connection has been identified.

Governance connection - Jonathan Kolber and Koor Industries: Fiverr board member Jonathan Kolber (appointed June 2019) previously served as President and CEO of Koor Industries Ltd. (TASE/NYSE), a major Israeli conglomerate, from approximately 1998 to 2007 ¹²¹³¹⁴. During Kolber’s tenure, Koor held defence electronics subsidiaries including the Elisra Defence Group - which supplied Control, Communication and Computer Intelligence (C3I) systems, training simulators, and other electronics to the IDF - and Tadiran Communications, which had originally been co-owned with the Israeli Defence Ministry until 1969 and continued to operate as a defence electronics supplier ¹³¹⁴. In 2004, under Kolber’s leadership, Koor repurchased a 33% stake in Tadiran Communications for approximately $140–150 million with the stated intent to merge it with Elisra; Kolber was publicly quoted stating: “We are pleased to be part of the merger of Israel’s leading private defense sector” ¹⁵. Elbit Systems subsequently took majority stakes in both Elisra and Tadiran through a series of acquisitions ¹⁶. All of Kolber’s defence-sector activities are pre-2020, he divested from Koor Industries prior to joining the Fiverr board, and no supply relationship between Fiverr and any defence prime descending from Koor’s activities has been identified ¹²¹⁶.

Logistical Sustainment & Base Services

No verified direct service contracts between Fiverr International Ltd. and IDF bases, military training facilities, detention centres, or security installations have been identified in any accessible public record.

Lev Echad / One Heart Initiative (October 2023 – ongoing): In the immediate aftermath of the October 7, 2023 attacks, Fiverr co-founded the Lev Echad (One Heart) initiative alongside HiBob, subsequently recruiting monday.com and additional Israeli technology companies ¹⁷¹⁸¹⁹. The initiative operated from Fiverr’s Tel Aviv headquarters ¹⁷¹⁸. Per NoCamels (October 2023), the programme served “both civilians and members of the military,” with a documented example of AI systems routing “IDF soldiers who are traveling in approximately the same area” for transportation logistics ¹⁷. The official Lev Echad website confirms that services included “transportation for members of the security forces” and encompassed support for “families of injured soldiers, and families of reserve and career soldiers” ¹⁸. Fiverr President Ofer Katz personally led the outreach to recruit high-tech companies into the initiative, which operated across more than 30 locations in Israel ¹⁸¹⁹.

Primary sources (NoCamels, levechad.org) document provision of food, equipment, hygiene products, transportation, and accommodation ¹⁷¹⁸¹⁹. Claims circulating in secondary advocacy materials that Fiverr’s headquarters served as a distribution hub for ceramic vests, helmets, and reconnaissance drones could not be verified against any primary source; the NoCamels article and the official Lev Echad website describe general humanitarian and logistical supply categories without referencing tactical military equipment ¹⁷¹⁸. This specific claim should be treated as unverified pending primary documentation.

IDF reservists employed by Fiverr: On the Q3 2023 earnings call, CEO Micha Kaufman stated: “As some of our employees are being called up, we are ensuring their families will get what they need while they are on the front lines” ²⁰. Fiverr’s FY2024 Form 20-F (filed March 2025) disclosed that “only several of Fiverr’s employees are called to active military duty” as of the filing date and acknowledged that employee absences due to military service “may materially and adversely affect the company’s ability to conduct its operations” ⁶. This constitutes a corporate disclosure that Fiverr directly employs IDF reservists whose active service is company-acknowledged and whose families receive logistical support funded at company expense.

No public evidence identified of Fiverr providing shipping, freight, port services, fuel supply, or physical logistics infrastructure to any military installation.

Munitions, Weapons Systems & Strategic Platforms

No public evidence identified. Fiverr is a digital services marketplace with no manufacturing capacity of any kind. The company has no identified involvement in the production, supply, maintenance, financing, or export of lethal systems, munitions, precursor materials, or strategic military platforms.

No public evidence identified of any Fiverr role - as prime contractor, subcontractor, component supplier, software integrator, or service provider - in Iron Dome, David’s Sling, Arrow anti-ballistic missile systems, fighter aircraft programmes, main battle tanks, naval vessels, artillery systems, or unmanned aerial systems.

No public evidence identified of Fiverr providing sub-system design, critical component supply, software integration, testing services, or maintenance and repair operations to any weapons programme in any jurisdiction.

Export Licensing, Regulatory & Legal History

No public evidence identified of any government export licence decision - whether a grant, denial, suspension, or revocation - concerning Fiverr’s products or services in the context of sales to Israeli military or security end-users in any jurisdiction ⁶⁷. Fiverr’s core business model as a digital freelance marketplace does not involve the physical export of controlled goods subject to dual-use export control regimes or national munitions lists, and its SEC filings contain no related disclosures ⁶⁷.

No export control investigations, arms embargo violations, or sanctions compliance enforcement actions involving Fiverr International Ltd. have been identified in accessible public records from any jurisdiction.

Fiverr is not named as a party in any ICC, ICJ, or comparable international tribunal proceeding ². No domestic court proceedings, judicial reviews, or legal challenges concerning Fiverr’s alleged defence supply chain conduct or export control compliance have been identified ¹².

AU10TIX identity verification vendor - regulatory and data security note: Fiverr employs AU10TIX for mandatory identity verification of platform sellers, requiring upload of government-issued identification documents and facial biometric scans ²¹. AU10TIX is a subsidiary of ICTS International, a company founded by former members of the Shin Bet (Israel Security Agency) and El Al security operations ²¹. Between 2022 and 2024, AU10TIX experienced a data breach in which administrator login credentials were compromised for approximately 18 months, exposing personal identifying information - including passport images and facial biometric data - belonging to Fiverr users and users of other platforms including Coinbase, LinkedIn, PayPal, and Upwork ²¹. This incident is a third-party vendor data security matter. The ICTS International founding history is a biographical provenance fact about an upstream vendor and does not establish a current intelligence-sharing or military supply relationship between Fiverr and Israeli security agencies. The matter is more directly relevant to a Digital audit domain than to Military.

Civil Society Scrutiny & Documented Investigations

Major NGO and UN accountability databases:

The OHCHR September 2025 update to its database of businesses involved in Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank (158 named companies) does not include Fiverr International Ltd. ¹⁵. UN Special Rapporteur report A/HRC/59/23 (“From economy of occupation to economy of genocide,” 2 July 2025) does not name Fiverr or any of its named subsidiaries ². The PAX for Peace June 2024 report, “The Companies Arming Israel and Their Financiers,” does not list Fiverr ³. The AFSC Investigate company database (400-plus company entries) does not include Fiverr; NICE Ltd. - historically connected to board member Ron Gutler through his 2002–2013 NICE chairmanship - does appear in the AFSC database ⁴²².

Board member Adam Fisher - IDF information operations presentation (November 2023):

Adam Fisher has served as a Fiverr board member since January 2011 and is a Managing Partner at Bessemer Venture Partners ²³²⁴. On November 22, 2023, Fisher delivered a presentation to IDF leadership and Israeli technology sector figures on how “US tech leaders, investors, and entrepreneurs could help the IDF win the ‘information war’ on social media” ²⁵. Attendees included IDF spokesperson Major Libby Weiss in military uniform ²⁵. The presentation included a slide titled “Ridicule works” targeting pro-Palestinian voices including a sitting US Congresswoman, and outlined strategies for engaging “the impressionables,” “uncomfortable sympathizers,” and those described as “reflexively pro-Israel” ²⁵. Fisher reportedly claimed credit for coordinated online pressure that resulted in a tech executive’s resignation ²⁵. Secondary sources attribute to Fisher additional public statements calling for military escalation in Gaza; these specific phrases were not confirmed in the primary Jack Poulson Substack source reviewed and should be treated as unverified pending access to primary documentation ²⁵.

CEO Micha Kaufman - military background and wartime corporate statements:

Kaufman co-founded Fiverr and serves as CEO and Chairperson of the Board. He completed compulsory Israeli military service as a deputy commander in an elite Israeli Navy unit that “made headlines after eliminating a terrorist cell near Rosh Hanikra” ²⁶. His service predates the founding of Fiverr (pre-2010) and is a pre-2020 biographical fact. Following October 7, 2023, Fiverr’s official Q3 2023 earnings release stated: “The unexpected and appalling atrocities that happened in Israel on October 7 and the ongoing war triggered by the event have unavoidably impacted the region and the world. As a company, we are doing everything we can to help our employees, their families and the Fiverr community to safety and to support those who have been impacted by the attack and the war” ²⁷²⁸. On January 29, 2026, Kaufman led 22-plus Israeli tech company representatives at the New York Stock Exchange closing bell ceremony for International Holocaust Remembrance Day alongside Holocaust survivors and March of the Living representatives; the event was a civic commemorative occasion with no identified military procurement content ²⁹.

Board member Nir Zohar - Israeli Navy service:

Zohar has served on the Fiverr board since January 2014 ³⁰. He served in the Israeli Navy from 1995 to 2001 as Lieutenant Commander and Chief Engineer on a missile boat ³⁰. This service is pre-2020 and preceded both his appointment to the Fiverr board and his executive career at Wix.com.

Erroneously attributed board member - Giora Yaron:

Some secondary advocacy sources have incorrectly identified Giora Yaron - an Israeli technology entrepreneur and member of an advisory committee to the Israeli Minister of Defence on technological commemoration - as a Fiverr board member ³¹. A review of Fiverr’s official investor relations Board of Directors page confirms board membership consists solely of Micha Kaufman, Adam Fisher, Ron Gutler, Gili Iohan, Jonathan Kolber, and Nir Zohar ³². No verified governance, executive, material shareholding, or operational connection between Giora Yaron and Fiverr has been identified.

Boycott and divestment campaigns:

Fiverr appears in multiple grassroots boycott directories - including the Abbott & Keefer Boycott Directory, boycott.thewitness.news, and BDS Coalition listings - citing the company’s Israeli incorporation, Israeli tax contributions, and co-founding of the Lev Echad wartime logistics initiative rather than any direct military supply relationship ¹⁷¹⁸. No institutional divestment decisions by pension funds, sovereign wealth funds, or universities specifically targeting Fiverr have been identified. Norwegian Government Pension Fund Global (NBIM) exclusion decisions announced in August 2025 named Israeli financial institutions and Caterpillar Inc.; Fiverr is not included in those exclusions ¹. The BDS Movement’s formal boycott lists do not name Fiverr as a priority target on grounds of defence sector activity.

Fiverr has not issued any public policy statement, contract termination, end-use monitoring commitment, or supply chain audit report in response to civil society pressure concerning defence supply chain matters ²⁷²⁸.

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