Political Audit: Marks & Spencer

# V-POL Political Forensics Audit — Marks & Spencer Group plc

**Target company:** Marks & Spencer Group plc (LSE: MKS)
**Audit phase:** V-POL
**Date:** 30 June 2026

---

## Corporate Communications & Public Stance
### Chronology of Public Statements on Israel and Palestine

M&S's documented public communications on Israel and Palestine span more than two decades and reveal acute internal inconsistency in the 2000 messaging crisis, sustained commercial silence thereafter, and a complete absence of any geopolitical statement during the 2023–2026 Gaza conflict [^1][^27].

On 13 December 2000, an M&S spokeswoman told the *Jerusalem Telegraphic Agency*: *"We support many countries, including Israel. We have a history and a background with Israel that we are very proud of"* [^1]. Two days later, following IHRC-organised protests, a different M&S spokesperson revised this position to: *"The store is owned by its shareholders and cannot have any bias towards any one country"* and *"We do not support Israel"* [^1]. By 22 December 2000, yet another M&S spokesperson confirmed to the *Jewish Chronicle*: *"We are as close to Israel as we have ever been"* [^1]. These three contradictory formulations within nine days reflect an absence of coordinated corporate communications policy on Israel at the time [^1].

In 2008, M&S stated publicly: *"We do not buy products from the West Bank, Golan Heights or Gaza as we cannot safely visit suppliers in these areas because of the current security situation"* [^2]. This statement, framed around logistical constraint rather than legal or human rights principle, represents the last identified explicit M&S policy statement on occupied territory sourcing. In December 2010, following boycott calls linked to an M&S franchise opening in Egypt, M&S issued a further statement: *"At M&S we do not support or align ourselves to governments, political parties or religious bodies,"* adding that it sources from over 70 countries and labels products with country of origin [^25].

### November 2023 Christmas Advertisement Incident

On or around 1 November 2023, M&S posted to its official Instagram account an outtake from a Christmas campaign showing red, green, and silver paper party hats burning in a fireplace [^9][^35]. The footage had been filmed in August 2023, prior to the October 7, 2023 Hamas attacks and the onset of Israeli military operations in Gaza [^35]. Following social media complaints that the colour combination resembled the Palestinian flag, M&S removed the post and issued a statement: *"While the intent was to playfully show that some people just don't enjoy wearing paper Christmas hats over the festive season, we have removed the post following feedback, and we apologise for any unintentional hurt caused"* [^9][^35]. M&S's official X (Twitter) account published this statement on approximately 1 November 2023 [^36]. A CityAM commentary piece published around the same time framed M&S's removal of the post as an example of brands "capitulating to activist intimidation" during the Gaza conflict [^41].

### Absence of Gaza Conflict and October 7 Statement

Ethical Consumer's research (conducted November–December 2023, published July 2024) found that M&S had made no public, named, dated corporate statement addressing the October 7, 2023 Hamas attacks, subsequent Israeli military operations in Gaza, or the Israel–Palestine conflict as a geopolitical matter [^27]. No M&S corporate press release, board statement, or executive public comment on the Gaza conflict was identified in M&S's corporate news archive or in any secondary source reviewed this session [^27].

### Comparative Ukraine Response

M&S issued a formal, named, dated corporate statement on Ukraine on 28 June 2022, confirming suspension of deliveries to its Turkish franchisee's Russian business [^8]. M&S committed £1.5 million in crisis support — £500,000 to UNHCR, £500,000 in matched colleague and Sparks card donations to UNICEF, and £500,000 in donated coats and thermals — with total donations subsequently reaching £2.6 million [^8][^10]. M&S's 2024 Full Year Results press release makes no reference to Israel, Palestine, the October 2023 conflict, or any geopolitical risk disclosure related to the Middle East [^12]. No equivalent corporate charitable mobilisation, operational suspension, or named crisis statement has been identified in connection with the Gaza conflict [^8][^12].

### Middle East Commercial Risk in Financial Disclosures

M&S's 2025/26 annual report and associated financial disclosures state that "the International result may be constrained by the disruption to deliveries to Middle East partners, where annual sales were approximately c.£100m in 2025/26," attributing disruption to "the Middle East war" without naming Israel or Gaza [^33][^34]. The 2025 Annual Report and Financial Statements is the primary disclosure document for the preceding financial year [^11]. Geopolitical exposure to the region is framed exclusively as a commercial risk constraint, with no accompanying human rights or humanitarian commentary in available extracted text [^33][^34].

---

## Operations in Occupied or Contested Territories
### Active Israeli Commercial Franchise Presence

On 21 March 2018, M&S launched an Israel-specific e-commerce website (marksandspencer.com/il), with delivery managed via the Israel Postal Company, free delivery above NIS 250, and pricing in Israeli shekels [^13]. As of June 2026, the Israeli franchise website remains active and transacts in Israeli shekels, confirming ongoing commercial franchise operations in Israel [^42]. M&S's corporate website presents its international operations as a multi-market franchise model spanning numerous territories [^43].

In 2008, M&S was in active discussions to open six physical stores in Israel through franchise entrepreneur Ido Mazursky, scouting locations including Renanim Mall (Ra'anana), Grand Mall (Haifa), and Zion Square (Jerusalem), with a target of opening by end of 2008 [^14]. As of October 2009, M&S delivered to approximately 80 countries including Syria, Libya, and Lebanon, while specifically excluding Israel, a position that attracted criticism in the British Jewish press [^15].

### Fox-Wizel Ltd. — Settlement Retail Operations

Who Profits Research Center documents Fox-Wizel Ltd. (Fox Group, TASE: FOX.TA) as operating retail stores in Israeli settlements including Ariel (West Bank), Ma'ale Adumim (West Bank), the Gush Etzion cluster (West Bank), Ramot (occupied East Jerusalem), Pisgat Ze'ev (occupied East Jerusalem), and the Atarot Industrial Zone (occupied East Jerusalem), under brands including Fox, Foot Locker, The Children's Place, and Laline [^5]. AFSC Investigate lists Fox-Wizel as "an Israeli apparel and accessories retailer that has stores in multiple illegal settlements in the occupied West Bank" [^6]. Multiple secondary research aggregators identify Fox-Wizel as M&S's Israeli franchise operator; however, no primary source specifically confirming a Fox-Wizel–M&S franchise agreement was retrieved this session, and Who Profits' own Fox-Wizel database entry does not reference an M&S franchise relationship as of its most recent update [^5][^6].

### Agricultural Supply Chain — Settlement-Linked Suppliers

**Hadiklaim (Israel Date Growers Cooperative):** Corporate Watch (August 2010) confirmed: *"Tesco and Marks and Spencer branded dates are Hadiklaim produce"* [^3]. Jordan Valley Solidarity (2010) documented Hadiklaim's settlement operations, including grower-members in Beit Ha'Arava and Tomer settlements in the Jordan Valley [^3]. In 2019, Hadiklaim confirmed to Corporate Occupation researchers that it continued to supply M&S with dates [^2]. USACBI (2010) asserted that M&S sold settlement-grown Hadiklaim dates "falsely labelled as produce of Israel" [^24].

**Mehadrin:** Corporate Occupation (2019–2020) photographed Israeli-labelled red grapefruit from Mehadrin and other citrus and avocado produce on M&S shelves [^2]. Mehadrin operates packing facilities in the Jordan Valley within the occupied West Bank [^2].

**Miriam Shoham Ltd.:** Holds M&S's "Field to Fork" quality certification, documented via Corporate Occupation field research in 2019–2020 [^2]. Miriam Shoham operates a packing house in the Israeli-occupied Syrian Golan Heights and is partly owned by Mehadrin [^2]. Whether this certification has been renewed, reviewed, or withdrawn post-2020 is not confirmed in any primary source identified this session [^2].

**Delta Galil Industries (TASE: DLGF):** Who Profits (updated 22 October 2024) documents Delta Galil as operating through its subsidiary Delta Israel Brands in the settlement neighbourhoods of Pisgat Ze'ev and Ramot (occupied East Jerusalem) and Ma'ale Adumim (West Bank), with a 1,680 sq m warehouse in the Barkan Industrial Zone (Barkan settlement, West Bank) documented in May 2011 [^4]. Multiple secondary sources assert M&S sourced underwear from Delta Galil and ended the relationship in 2022 under consumer pressure; Who Profits' October 2024 entry for Delta Galil doesnot name M&S as a current client, consistent with a sourcing cessation, though no primary M&S or Delta Galil statement confirming termination was retrieved [^4].

### UN OHCHR Settlement Database — M&S Status

M&S does not appear in the OHCHR database of business enterprises involved in settlement activities, established under Resolution 31/36 and updated under subsequent resolutions [^17][^18][^38]. The September 2025 database update lists 158 entities; UK-domiciled entities confirmed on the list include JCB (J.C. Bamford Excavators Ltd.) and Greenkote PLC [^18][^19]. The OpenSanctions dataset mirroring the OHCHR list does not include Marks & Spencer [^17]. The UN Special Rapporteur's report A/HRC/59/23 (2025), which addresses corporate activity in occupied Palestinian territory across agriculture, finance, technology, and construction sectors, does not name Marks & Spencer [^37].

### ICJP Legal Notice — October 2024

On 30 October 2024, the International Centre of Justice for Palestinians (ICJP) sent legal notices to eight UK supermarket chains, including Marks & Spencer, under Section 52 of the International Criminal Court Act 2001 and Sections 328 and 329 of the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 [^7]. The notices cited the ICJ Advisory Opinion of 19 July 2024 on the illegality of Israeli settlements and named Mehadrin, Hadiklaim, Miriam Shoham/Shoham Farms, and Achdut-Achva as settlement produce exporters supplied to UK retailers [^7]. The notice demanded a 14-day response from M&S confirming which settlement products it sells, steps to end such sales, and due diligence conducted on origin labelling [^7]. No public evidence identified of any M&S response to this notice.

### Boycott Campaign History

The IHRC launched a "Boycott M&S" campaign in 2000 with nationwide pickets in London, Newcastle, Manchester, and Birmingham, citing M&S's historical role as "the biggest commercial conduit between Israel and the UK" [^1][^23]. IHRC reported that the campaign forced M&S to shift its public messaging from pride in Israeli ties to institutional neutrality within weeks of the campaign's launch [^23]. USACBI called for maintaining the boycott in 2010, citing continued sourcing of Israeli produce including settlement-grown dates from Hadiklaim [^24]. In December 2010, a campaign titled "Stop Marks & Spencer in Egypt" listed 15 historical reasons for boycott tied to M&S's Zionist connections [^25]. Wikipedia records that M&S's Marble Arch branch in London was "picketed weekly by protesters objecting to the sale of Israeli goods," as reported in August 2014 [^26]. Ethical Consumer (research: November–December 2023) found M&S absent from the BDS National Committee's December 2024 boycott guide and not specifically targeted by any named Palestinian campaign organisation as of that assessment [^27].

---

## Internal Governance, Content & Retail Policies
### Employee Relations and Disciplinary Actions

No public evidence identified of any HR action, dismissal, disciplinary proceeding, or internal policy applied against M&S employees for pro-Palestinian expression, wearing of a keffiyeh, or related political speech during the 2023–2026 period. Source classes searched include UK employment tribunal decisions (GOV.UK), Personnel Today, HR Grapevine, HRreview, and national news archives. No public evidence identified.

### Content and Editorial Policy

M&S operates a retail website and social media accounts; it is not a content platform subject to systematic algorithmic moderation at scale [^43]. No reports were identified of editorial asymmetry or a formal content policy at M&S specifically addressing Israel–Palestine. No public evidence identified of any policy-level content rule at M&S specifically governing Israel–Palestine material. The November 2023 removal of the Christmas advertisement outtake constituted a single social media post deletion made in response to audience feedback, not a systematic content moderation intervention [^9][^35].

### Product Labelling and Settlement Produce Due Diligence

In August 2010, campaigners documented Hadiklaim dates on M&S shelves labelled "Produce of Israel" rather than identifying their Jordan Valley settlement provenance [^3]. In 2019, Corporate Occupation researchers photographed Israeli-labelled figs, potatoes, and red grapefruit on M&S shelves [^2]. USACBI (2010) asserted that settlement-grown Hadiklaim dates were exported to Europe "falsely labelled as produce of Israel" and sold by M&S [^24]. The ICJP legal notice of October 2024 cited mislabelling of settlement goods as "Produce of Israel" among the specific concerns raised in connection with M&S and the other named retailers [^7].

M&S's stated 2008 policy — that it did not source from the West Bank, Golan Heights, or Gaza — is directly contested by documented supply relationships with Mehadrin (Jordan Valley, West Bank) and Miriam Shoham (Golan Heights), both identified via Corporate Occupation field research in 2019–2020 [^2]. M&S's Charity Partnerships and Fundraising Policy document (PDF, created April 2023) was identified but its text was not fully extractable this session; eligibility criteria for partner organisations are therefore unconfirmed [^39]. No public evidence identified of formal DEFRA enforcement action or Trading Standards citation specifically naming M&S for settlement produce mislabelling.

---

## Brand Heritage & State Partnerships
### State-Level Recognition of M&S

In November–December 2000, the Israeli Ambassador to the UK honoured M&S at a ceremony recognising its commercial contribution to Israel [^1][^2]. In 1998, Sir Richard Greenbury (CEO and Chairman 1988–1999) received the "Jubilee Award" from Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, an award marking Israel's 50th anniversary and recognising individuals and organisations "which through their investments and trade relationships, have done the most to strengthen the Israeli economy" [^2]. In October 2000, the British-Israel Chamber of Commerce held formal meetings at the M&S Baker Street store in London [^1].

### Commercial Technology Partnerships with Israeli-Founded Companies

M&S selected Namogoo (founded Herzliya, Israel, 2014; customer journey optimisation technology) as a technology partner, with the partnership announced on 11 January 2021 [^16]. No government or defence connection to Namogoo was identified; the relationship is a commercial SaaS procurement with no military or state-security dimension [^16]. No public evidence identified of M&S sponsoring, participating in, or funding formal Israeli government "Brand Israel" campaigns, public diplomacy events, or cultural export initiatives.

### Founding Family — Weizmann Institute of Science

Israel Sieff, co-founder of the Marks & Spencer business alongside Simon Marks, and the Marks, Sieff, and Sacher families co-founded the Daniel Sieff Research Institute in Rehovot, Mandatory Palestine, in 1934, in memory of Israel Sieff's son Daniel [^22][^31]. The institute was renamed the Weizmann Institute of Science in 1949 [^22]. Marcus Sieff (Lord Sieff of Brimpton, 1913–2001) served as Governor, Chairman (1976–1985), and subsequently Chancellor (1985–2001) of the Weizmann Institute Board of Governors [^21]. Marcus Sieff was the last founding-family member to hold senior M&S leadership, departing the board by 2001 [^21].

### Founding Family — Zionist Movement [Pre-2020]

Simon Marks and Israel Sieff became committed Zionists around 1913 through contact with Chaim Weizmann [^1][^21]. Between 1917 and 1920, Sieff and Marks participated in Zionist Commission activities; Sieff served as Weizmann's secretary at the Versailles Peace Conference in 1919, during the diplomatic period that produced the Balfour Declaration of November 1917 [^1]. Rebecca Marks Sieff (Simon Marks's sister and Israel Sieff's wife) co-founded the Women's International Zionist Organisation (WIZO) in 1920 and led the organisation for approximately 20 years [^1]. In the period 1932–1941, Simon Marks, Israel Sieff, and Harry Sacher organised and funded large-scale Jewish refugee resettlement, extracting money and assets from Germany and Poland and conducting fundraising campaigns across the United States [^30]. A *Jerusalem Post* account records that Simon Marks delivered more than 30 speeches and five radio broadcasts across major American cities in 1936 to build philanthropic support for Jewish refugee relief [^30].

### Former Senior Leadership — Stated Objective to Support Israel [Pre-2020]

In his 1990 book *On Management: The Marks & Spencer Way* (Weidenfeld & Nicolson), Marcus Sieff (Chairman 1972–1984) identified one of M&S's "fundamental objectives" as "to aid the economic development of Israel" [^29]. No public evidence identified that this language appears in M&S's current Articles of Association or any operative corporate governance document. Michael Sacher (former M&S Vice-President and member of the founding family) served as president of the Joint Israel Appeal, with precise tenure dates unconfirmed this session [^21].

---

## Lobbying, Advocacy, Financing & Logistics
### UK Formal Lobbying Register

No public evidence identified of any entry for Marks & Spencer Group plc or Marks and Spencer plc in the UK Office of the Registrar of Consultant Lobbyists register on any topic, including Israel–Palestine or UK–Israel trade policy. The UK register covers only consultant (third-party) lobbyists under the Transparency of Lobbying Act 2014; in-house government relations activity is not registrable. Ministerial meetings with M&S representatives subject to departmental transparency publications were not retrieved this session.

### Anti-BDS Lobbying and Advocacy

No public evidence identified of M&S engaging in formal anti-BDS lobbying, joining anti-BDS coalitions, funding anti-BDS advocacy organisations, or making representations to government on BDS-related legislation. Source classes searched include the UK lobbying register, campaign-organisation reports, and BDS movement publications.

### Charitable Contributions — Current Executive Leadership

On 13 June 2022, M&S Chairman Archie Norman appeared at a Jewish Care fundraising breakfast at The Savoy, London, raising £55,000 for Jewish Care's core services, including support for Holocaust survivors [^20]. Norman spoke in his capacity as M&S Chairman about business experience and post-pandemic challenges; over 240 people attended the event [^20]. Jewish Care is a UK social-care charity for the British Jewish community; it is not a political, settlement-advocacy, or military-support organisation [^20]. No public evidence identified of personal donations by current M&S executive or non-executive directors — including Stuart Machin, Archie Norman, or Alison Dolan — to the Friends of the Israel Defense Forces (FIDF), Jewish National Fund (JNF-UK or JNF-USA), Im Tirtzu, Regavim, Israeli reservist support funds, or comparable bodies. Source classes checked include JNF and FIDF public documentation, the Charity Commission register, and Companies House filings. No public evidence identified.

### Historical Charitable Financing — Founding Family [Pre-2020]

Marcus Sieff's 1990 book-published statement characterised "aiding the economic development of Israel" as a fundamental M&S corporate objective [^29]. Simon Marks and Israel Sieff directly funded the institution that became the Weizmann Institute of Science from 1934 onwards [^31]. These activities are attributable exclusively to former executives and founding-family members who last held M&S board positions in 2001 [^21].

### Ukraine — Crisis Resource Mobilisation (Comparative Reference)

M&S suspended Russian franchise deliveries, donated £1.5 million across UNHCR and UNICEF, activated till-point and online giving, and donated coats and thermals for Ukraine, reaching £2.6 million in total donations [^8][^10]. No public evidence identified of comparable corporate charitable mobilisation, humanitarian supply donation, or formal named crisis statement in connection with the Gaza conflict.

### OECD National Contact Point Complaints

No public evidence identified of any OECD National Contact Point complaint filed against M&S specifically on Israel–Palestine issues. Source classes checked include the OECD Watch database and UK NCP GOV.UK publications. No public evidence identified.

---

## Corporate Structure & Primary Mission
Marks & Spencer Group plc is a publicly traded FTSE 100 company (LSE: MKS) with no state-held golden shares or special government ownership interest identified [^12]. Principal institutional shareholders identified in secondary financial sources include BlackRock, Vanguard, and Legal & General [^34].

M&S's current international strategy, as disclosed in the 2025 Annual Report, frames its Israel franchise presence as one element of a broader multi-market franchise portfolio [^11][^43]. Middle East franchise revenues are disclosed at approximately £100 million per annum for 2025/26, with delivery disruption attributed to "the Middle East war" and treated as a commercial constraint [^33][^34]. No human rights or geopolitical governance commentary accompanies this disclosure in available extracted text [^33].

The most recent explicit statement linking M&S's corporate mission to Israeli economic development is Marcus Sieff's 1990 book-published formulation; this language does not appear in any current M&S Annual Report, board statement, or corporate governance document identified this session [^29]. The last founding-family director departed the M&S board in 2001 [^21]. No current director has publicly identified Israel as a corporate objective [^28]. No public evidence identified that any current institutional shareholder has formally directed M&S to adopt pro-Israel or anti-Palestinian operational policies.

---

## Executive & Leadership Footprint
### Current Board and Senior Leadership

**Archie Norman (Chairman, appointed September 2017):** No documented personal donations to Israeli causes, settlement organisations, or military welfare funds were identified [^28]. Norman appeared at Jewish Care's fundraising breakfast in June 2022 in his capacity as M&S Chairman [^20]. Norman is not a member of the UK legislature; no Israel-specific parliamentary speeches or contributions are applicable.

**Stuart Machin (CEO, appointed May 2022):** No public statements on Israel–Palestine were identified [^28]. No documented affiliations with pro-Israel advocacy organisations were identified [^28].

**Alison Dolan (CFO, appointed January 2025):** No Israel-related connections were identified [^28].

Other current non-executive directors (Bourke, Dawson, Potter, Sood, Burnley, Doyle) were checked across available sources; no Israel-related affiliations or public statements were identified [^28].

### Former Senior Leaders with Documented Israel-Related Activity

**Marcus Sieff (Chairman 1972–1984, President to 2001):** Served as Governor, Chairman (1976–1985), and Chancellor (1985–2001) of the Weizmann Institute of Science Board of Governors [^21]. Published a statement in 1990 characterising aid to the Israeli economy as a fundamental M&S objective [^29]. Sieff died in 2001; his institutional roles at both M&S and the Weizmann Institute ended at that date [^21][^22].

**Sir Richard Greenbury (CEO and Chairman 1988–1999):** Received the "Jubilee Award" from Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in 1998, explicitly recognising his role in strengthening the Israeli economy [^2]. Greenbury's M&S chairmanship ended in 1999; the relationship is discontinued [^2].

**Michael Sacher (former Vice-President):** Served as president of the Joint Israel Appeal; precise tenure dates unconfirmed this session [^21].

### Lord Rose of Monewden (Stuart Rose — CEO 2004–2010; Chairman 2008–2010)

In December 2004, Stuart Rose, then M&S CEO, was listed as a speaker at the annual dinner of the British-Israel Chamber of Commerce [^1]. Rose entered the House of Lords on 30 October 2014 as a Conservative peer (Lord Rose of Monewden) [^32]. Lord Rose's parliamentary register of interests was inaccessible this session due to an HTTP 403 response [^32]. No public evidence identified of contributions by Lord Rose to House of Lords debates specifically on Israel or Gaza. No public evidence identified of donations by Lord Rose to FIDF, JNF, or Israeli military support organisations.

### Founding Family Footprint [Pre-2020]

Israel Sieff and the Marks, Sieff, and Sacher families provided the founding endowment for the Daniel Sieff Research Institute (later the Weizmann Institute of Science) in 1934 [^31][^22]. Simon Marks delivered more than 30 speeches and five broadcasts across major US cities in 1936 to mobilise American Jewish philanthropic support for Jewish refugee resettlement [^30]. Rebecca Marks Sieff co-founded WIZO in 1920 and led the organisation for approximately 20 years [^1]. These activities are attributable exclusively to founders and pre-1960 family executives; no current M&S board member has any documented genealogical or institutional continuity with the founding family's Zionist organisational activities [^28].

---

## End Notes

[^1]: https://www.ihrc.org.uk/briefing-a-brief-chronology-of-the-marks-spencer-israel-relationship/

[^2]: https://corporateoccupation.org/2020/02/14/apartheid-in-the-fields-from-occupied-palestine-to-uk-supermarkets-2020-update-part-7-6-ms/

[^3]: https://jordanvalleysolidarity.org/reports/hadiklaim-in-the-jordan-valley/

[^4]: https://www.whoprofits.org/companies/company/3655

[^5]: https://www.whoprofits.org/companies/company/7377

[^6]: https://investigate.afsc.org/all-companies?page=0

[^7]: https://www.icjpalestine.com/2024/10/30/8-national-supermarkets-threatened-with-legal-action-for-selling-illegal-goods-from-israeli-settlements/

[^8]: https://corporate.marksandspencer.com/media/press-releases/ms-statement-ukraine

[^9]: https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/marks-and-spencer-christmas-post-palestinian-flag-israel-hamas-war_uk_6543725de4b0cde80b8bb0d7

[^10]: https://www.grocerygazette.co.uk/2022/03/11/ms-donations-to-ukraine/

[^11]: https://corporate.marksandspencer.com/sites/marksandspencer/files/2025-05/Marks-and-Spencer-Group-plc-Annual-Report-and-Financial-Statements-2025_INTERACTIVE_FINAL.pdf

[^12]: https://corporate.marksandspencer.com/media/press-releases/marks-and-spencer-group-plc-full-year-results-52-weeks-ended-30-march-2024

[^13]: https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-marks-spencer-launches-israel-sales-website-1001228829

[^14]: https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3507668,00.html

[^15]: https://www.thejc.com/news/anger-as-ms-serves-syria-but-not-israel-xfb6s86e

[^16]: https://www.prnewswire.com/il/news-releases/namogoo-selected-by-marks-amp-spencer-to-help-optimise-the-customer-journey-on-m-amp-s-com-807419720.html

[^17]: https://www.opensanctions.org/datasets/ps_ohchr_settlement/

[^18]: https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2025/09/un-human-rights-office-updates-database-businesses-involved-israeli

[^19]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_companies_operating_in_West_Bank_settlements

[^20]: https://jewishcare.org/breakfast-with-ms-chairman-archie-norman-raises-55000

[^21]: https://revolutionarycommunist.org/middle-east/palestine/marks-and-spencer-ally-of-israel-frfi-160-april-may-2001/

[^22]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Sieff,_Baron_Sieff

[^23]: https://www.ihrc.org.uk/press-releases/ms-boycott-starts-to-bite/

[^24]: https://usacbi.org/2010/07/still-boycott-marks-and-spencer/

[^25]: https://egyptindependent.com/marks-spencer-opening-egypt-revitalizes-calls-for-boycott/

[^26]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marks_%26_Spencer

[^27]: https://www.ethicalconsumer.org/company-profile/marks-spencer-group-plc

[^28]: https://corporate.marksandspencer.com/about-us/our-leadership

[^29]: https://books.google.com/books/about/Marcus_Sieff_on_Management.html?id=tIiTQgAACAAJ

[^30]: https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-798133

[^31]: https://www.weizmann.ac.il/philanthropy/1934.html

[^32]: https://members.parliament.uk/member/4326/career

[^33]: https://corporate.marksandspencer.com/investors/our-performance-updates/2026-annual-report

[^34]: https://www.marketscreener.com/news/marks-spencer-final-results-ce7f5ad8de8cf722

[^35]: https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/uk-news/2023/11/02/ms-removes-image-of-burning-christmas-hats-in-palestinian-colours-after-backlash/

[^36]: https://x.com/marksandspencer/status/1719834426345951562

[^37]: https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/sessions-regular/session59/advance-version/a-hrc-59-23-aev.pdf

[^38]: https://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/hrc/regular-sessions/session31/database-hrc3136

[^39]: https://corporate.marksandspencer.com/sites/marksandspencer/files/marks-spencer/corperate-governance/Charity%20Partnerships%20and%20Fundraising%20Policy.pdf

[^41]: https://www.cityam.com/big-brands-like-ms-zara-must-stop-capitulating-activist-intimidation-war-gaza/

[^42]: https://www.marksandspencer.com/il/

[^43]: https://corporate.marksandspencer.com/about-us/our-businesses/ms-international ```