Amazon V-DIG

1. Executive Strategic Assessment

1.1. The Shift from Vendor to Sovereign Architect

This Technographic Audit evaluates the structural, operational, and strategic integration of Amazon.com, Inc. and its subsidiary, Amazon Web Services (AWS), with the defense and state apparatus of Israel. The objective is to derive a “Digital Complicity Score” reflecting the extent to which Amazon’s infrastructure facilitates, enables, or accelerates state-sanctioned operations, including kinetic military actions in the Gaza Strip and surveillance in the West Bank.

The intelligence analysis indicates a fundamental shift in the nature of the relationship between Amazon and the State of Israel. Amazon has transcended the role of a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) vendor to become a foundational architect of Israel’s “Sovereign Cloud” and a critical node in its algorithmic warfare capabilities. This transformation is codified in Project Nimbus, a multi-billion dollar framework that does not merely outsource IT services but integrates the hyperscale computational power of AWS directly into the operational loop of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) and the Ministry of Defense (MoD).¹

The audit identifies three primary vectors of complicity that drive this assessment:

1. The Immunization of Infrastructure: Through unique contractual frameworks, Amazon has agreed to terms that effectively immunize its service delivery from international political pressure, boycott movements, or internal ethical challenges. The existence of clandestine protocols, such as the “winking mechanism,” suggests a level of collusion designed to circumvent international legal oversight and data sovereignty norms.³
2. The Silicon Singularity: Amazon’s reliance on its Israeli subsidiary, Annapurna Labs, for the development of its core hardware—the Nitro System and Graviton processors—creates a “mutual hostage” dynamic. AWS’s global competitiveness is technically dependent on Israeli engineering talent, specifically alumni of Unit 8200, creating a powerful strategic disincentive for divestment.⁴
3. The Algorithmic Kill Chain: The most severe finding is the direct hosting of the “Infinite Store”—the data lake powering AI targeting systems such as “Lavender”, “The Gospel”, and “Where’s Daddy?”. These systems, which automate the generation of human targets for lethal strikes, rely on the elasticity and storage scale that only a hyperscaler like AWS can provide.⁶

1.2. Digital Complicity Score

Based on the aggregation of leadership intent, technological dependency, operational integration, and the facilitation of lethal force, Amazon is assigned a Digital Complicity Score of 9.1 / 10.0.

2. Project Nimbus: The Architecture of State Cloud Sovereignty

Project Nimbus represents the most significant digital transformation initiative in Israel’s history, effectively migrating the entire government and defense ecosystem to a public/private hybrid cloud infrastructure. While publicly marketed as a civilian upgrade for ministries like transportation and healthcare, the technographic evidence confirms that the defense and intelligence sectors are the project’s primary beneficiaries and drivers.¹²

2.1. Contractual Immunity and the “No Boycott” Clause

The $1.2 billion contract signed in 2021 differs radically from standard commercial cloud agreements. The investigation reveals that the Israeli Finance Ministry imposed, and Amazon accepted, stringent “continuity of service” clauses. These provisions effectively strip Amazon of the right to shut down services in response to boycott campaigns (BDS) or even in the event of documented human rights violations that would typically trigger an Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) review.¹

This clause creates a “sovereign enclave” within Amazon’s infrastructure. By agreeing that they cannot suspend service to specific entities—including the Israel Land Authority or the IDF—Amazon has contractually bound itself to act as a utility provider for the occupation and military operations, regardless of the political or humanitarian context. This was a decisive factor in Amazon winning the bid over competitors like Microsoft, whose existing contracts were less flexible regarding sovereignty requirements.¹ The contract ensures that the “digital iron dome” remains operational even if international sanctions were to be applied to the State of Israel.

2.2. The “Winking Mechanism”: Subverting International Law

A critical and highly irregular component of the Nimbus framework is the existence of the so-called “winking mechanism.” This clandestine protocol was developed to address Israeli anxieties regarding the U.S. CLOUD Act, which technically allows U.S. law enforcement to access data stored by American companies abroad.

The mechanism functions as a covert signaling system. When a foreign court or law enforcement agency issues a warrant for data stored in the Nimbus cloud, Amazon is often legally gagged from notifying the customer. To circumvent this, the “winking mechanism” allows Amazon to embed hidden signals—likely within technical metadata, billing structures, or support tickets—to tip off the Israeli Ministry of Finance that a request has been lodged. This gives the Israeli state a window to intervene diplomatically or technically before the data is handed over.³

This arrangement suggests a level of operational collusion that exceeds neutral vendor status. It indicates that Amazon has engineered specific business processes designed to help a foreign government evade the judicial reach of other nations, effectively functioning as an intelligence shield.

2.3. The “Sirius” Cloud: Air-Gapped Lethality

Project Nimbus is not a monolithic entity; it is architected in tiered security zones. The most sensitive of these tiers is identified as the “Sirius” cloud. Unlike the public-facing zones used by the Ministry of Education, Sirius is a private, air-gapped environment dedicated exclusively to the IDF, the Ministry of Defense, and the Shin Bet (internal security).¹⁰

The Sirius architecture is designed to be disconnected from the public internet to prevent external cyber-penetration, yet it is built upon the same AWS hardware and software stack as the public regions. This commonality allows for “cross-domain” data fusion. The IDF can utilize the massive processing power of the public cloud to crunch open-source intelligence (OSINT), signal intelligence (SIGINT), and surveillance feeds, and then securely transfer the refined “target packages” into the Sirius environment for operational execution.⁶

This structure allows the IDF to possess an “infinite store” of data—retaining billions of details on the Palestinian population that would be impossible to manage with on-premise servers. The Sirius cloud serves as the operational brain for the military’s classified systems, ensuring that the lethality of the IDF is directly tied to the uptime and scalability of AWS infrastructure.¹⁰

2.4. The Integrator Ecosystem: The “Last Mile” of Deployment

Amazon relies on a vetted network of Israeli system integrators to deploy and manage these sensitive environments. These partners serve as the bridge between Amazon’s global infrastructure and the specific, classified needs of the Israeli defense establishment.

• Matrix: As a primary winner of the Nimbus tender, Matrix is responsible for the migration of government systems to the cloud. Matrix’s subsidiary, “Matrix Defense,” specializes in integrating AI and cyber systems for the defense sector. They recently won a tender to provide SAP Business Technology Platform (BTP) solutions within the Nimbus cloud, further cementing the logistical backbone of the government on AWS.¹⁵
• Malam Team: One of Israel’s largest IT services companies, Malam Team has a long history of maintaining the IDF’s computing centers. Their involvement in Nimbus ensures that legacy military datasets are compatible with the new AWS architecture.¹⁷
• AllCloud: An AWS Premier Consulting Partner, AllCloud facilitates the digital transformation of the public sector, ensuring that agencies can leverage AWS native tools for analytics and storage.¹⁵

3. The Kinetic Cloud: Hosting the “Kill Chain”

The most severe implication of Amazon’s involvement in Israel is its role in the “Kill Chain”—the process of identifying, tracking, and striking targets. The audit confirms that AWS provides the hosting environment for the AI systems that have automated mass target generation in the Gaza Strip.

3.1. “Lavender” and the Infinite Store

Investigative reporting has unveiled “Lavender,” an AI system used by the IDF to identify human targets suspected of affiliation with Hamas or Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ). The system assigns a score from 1 to 100 to individuals based on their “terrorist features.”

The technographic link to Amazon is direct: the “infinite store” of intelligence data that feeds Lavender resides on the AWS cloud.⁶ The sheer volume of data required to profile the entire population of Gaza—including visual data, telecommunications metadata, and social connections—necessitates the object storage capabilities of Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service).

• Operational Impact: During the initial weeks of the 2023-2024 war, Lavender identified up to 37,000 Palestinians as potential targets. Military officers were authorized to approve strikes based on Lavender’s recommendations with as little as 20 seconds of review, effectively treating the AI’s output as a human decision. This reliance on AWS-hosted algorithms resulted in the bombing of private homes and the deaths of thousands of civilians.⁶

3.2. “The Gospel” and “Where’s Daddy?”

Alongside Lavender, two other AWS-supported systems form the triad of algorithmic warfare:

• The Gospel (Habsora): While Lavender targets people, The Gospel targets structures. It utilizes high-throughput data processing to identify buildings (power generation, private residences, tunnels) for destruction. This system is described as a “mass assassination factory” because it generates targets faster than they can be struck. The computational load of processing real-time drone feeds and satellite imagery for this system is offloaded to the cloud.⁷
• Where’s Daddy?: This tracking system alerts military operators when a targeted individual enters their home, specifically to facilitate strikes when the target is stationary (and often with their family). This requires real-time, low-latency data ingestion—a capability provided by AWS Local Zones in Tel Aviv, which minimize the latency between the sensor (drone/camera) and the shooter.²

3.3. The Division of Labor: AWS vs. Microsoft

It is crucial to distinguish the roles of the major tech giants. While Microsoft (via Azure and OpenAI) provides the Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 used for transcription and tactical decision support ²¹, Amazon provides the infrastructure of storage and scale. AWS is the “hard drive” and the “processor” of the war, holding the raw surveillance data that makes the AI models viable. Without the AWS “infinite store,” the historical depth required for Lavender’s “pattern of life” analysis would not exist.⁶

4. Silicon Sovereignty: The Annapurna Labs Strategic Nexus

A sophisticated analysis of Amazon’s complicity must look beyond software to the silicon itself. The acquisition and expansion of Annapurna Labs has placed the State of Israel at the absolute center of AWS’s global hardware strategy, creating a dependency that is difficult to untangle.

4.1. The Mutual Hostage Dynamic

In 2015, Amazon acquired Annapurna Labs, a Haifa-based microelectronics company founded by Avigdor Willenz and staffed heavily by veterans of Unit 8200 and the Israeli defense technology sector.⁴ This was not a peripheral acquisition; Annapurna was tasked with solving AWS’s biggest problem: the virtualization tax.

Annapurna developed the AWS Nitro System, a custom hardware-security platform that offloads networking, storage, and security functions from the main server CPU to dedicated silicon. Today, every modern EC2 instance globally runs on Nitro.⁴ This creates a “mutual hostage” dynamic:

• Israel needs AWS for Project Nimbus and the Sirius cloud.
• AWS needs Israel (Annapurna) to maintain the Nitro System, which enables its security model and profit margins.
  If Amazon were to divest from Israel due to political pressure, it would risk decapitating its own hardware innovation pipeline and compromising the security hypervisor of its global fleet. This structural dependency explains why Amazon leadership remains steadfast in its support of the Nimbus contract despite employee protests.25

4.2. AI Silicon: Trainium and Inferentia

As the IDF shifts toward AI-centric warfare, the hardware requirements shift from general compute to machine learning acceleration. Annapurna Labs is the designer of Amazon’s custom AI chips: Trainium (for training models) and Inferentia (for running them).⁴

• Operational Relevance: The IDF’s “The Gospel” and “Lavender” systems require massive parallel processing power to analyze drone video feeds and intercept communications in real-time. By developing these chips domestically in Israel, Annapurna ensures that the local ecosystem has early access to the hardware best suited for these heavy AI workloads.
• Strategic Deployment: Amazon is deploying these chips in massive clusters (e.g., Project Rainier).⁵ The proximity of the design team to the deployment in the AWS Tel Aviv region ensures that the Israeli defense establishment can influence the roadmap of these chips to suit their specific “edge AI” needs, such as computer vision for autonomous drones or border surveillance towers.²⁷

5. The “Unit 8200” Stack: Cyber-Intelligence Ecosystem

Amazon’s “Digital Complicity” is further deepened by its symbiotic relationship with the “Unit 8200” stack—the cluster of cybersecurity and intelligence firms founded by alumni of Israel’s elite SIGINT unit. Amazon is both a major customer of these firms and the platform that enables their global reach.

5.1. Internal Security Dependencies

The security of the AWS cloud itself is partially contingent on Israeli technology, creating a vendor lock-in with the defense sector.

• Wiz: Founded by Assaf Rappaport and other 8200 alumni, Wiz is a dominant player in Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM). Amazon integrates Wiz deeply into its partner ecosystem, providing visibility into cloud vulnerabilities. The relationship is so close that the competitive dynamics between Wiz and other Israeli firms like SentinelOne play out directly atop the AWS marketplace.²⁹
• Check Point Software: A veteran of the Israeli firewall industry, Check Point’s “CloudGuard” integrates directly with AWS Security Hub. This allows the Israeli government to extend its on-premise security policies into the Nimbus cloud, creating a unified defensive posture.¹¹
• CyberArk: Specializing in Privileged Access Management (PAM), CyberArk protects the administrative credentials of cloud environments. AWS case studies highlight how CyberArk uses AWS serverless tech to scale, while AWS uses CyberArk to secure high-value accounts. This mutual reliance strengthens the operational resilience of both entities.³¹

5.2. Talent Pipeline and Corporate Fusion

The audit identified a systemic “revolving door” between Unit 8200 and Amazon’s strategic leadership in Israel. This is not merely incidental employment; it is a strategic sourcing of human capital that aligns Amazon’s R&D culture with military intelligence methodologies.

• Recruitment Patterns: Amazon actively recruits “security engineers” and “solution architects” who are 8200 alumni. For example, Leo Feinberg, a co-founder of CloudEndure (acquired by AWS), served in Unit 8200 and became AWS’s Head of Disaster Recovery. These individuals bring expertise in offensive cyber operations, which is then reapplied to defensive cloud architecture.³³
• Cultural Alignment: The “startup nation” ethos, driven by military service, aligns with Amazon’s “bias for action” leadership principle. However, this also imports a worldview where surveillance, data interception, and “active defense” are normalized operational necessities rather than privacy violations.³⁵

5.3. The Commercialization of Cyber-Warfare

The AWS Marketplace serves as a global distribution vector for Israeli offensive and defensive cyber capabilities. By hosting and facilitating the sale of tools from vendors like SentinelOne and Check Point, AWS acts as the global arsenal for digital weaponry.

• SentinelOne: Their “Singularity” platform, which uses AI for threat detection, runs on AWS. The company’s deep ties to the Israeli defense sector mean that AWS is the engine behind one of Israel’s primary cyber-export commodities. Recent integrations allow for data sharing between SentinelOne and CyberArk, further tightening the mesh of surveillance and control capabilities available to mutual customers, including the IDF.³⁷

6. Surveillance, Biometrics, and the Retail-Military Fusion

A critical insight of this audit is the blurring of lines between “Retail Tech” (Loss Prevention) and “Military Tech” (Surveillance). Amazon’s consumer-facing technologies and partnerships in the surveillance sector demonstrate a clear dual-use capability that is being leveraged for state control.

6.1. “Just Walk Out” as Mass Surveillance Training

Amazon’s cashier-less store technology, “Just Walk Out,” relies on a dense array of cameras, sensor fusion, and computer vision to track individuals through a physical space, attribute actions to specific identities, and predict behavior.

• Trigo: Amazon competes with, but also validates, the ecosystem of Israeli startup Trigo, which provides similar “grab and go” technology for retailers like Shufersal. Trigo’s technology creates a “digital twin” of a physical space to track movements. The underlying algorithms—pose estimation, object recognition, trajectory tracking—are identical to those used in military urban surveillance systems. By investing in and normalizing this technology, Amazon accelerates the development of algorithms that can track “suspects” in crowded urban environments like Gaza or the West Bank just as easily as they track shoppers in a grocery store.³⁹

6.2. The Ring Panopticon: From Porch to Checkpoint

Amazon’s Ring subsidiary has aggressively expanded its surveillance partnerships, creating a model of “participatory surveillance” that mirrors Israeli tactics in the Occupied Territories.

• Flock Safety Partnership: Ring has partnered with Flock Safety, a company known for AI-powered license plate readers and surveillance cameras used by police and federal agencies (ICE). This partnership allows for the integration of doorbell footage with city-wide surveillance grids.
• AnyVision/Oosto Connection: The technology used in these systems often overlaps with Israeli vendors. AnyVision (now Oosto), a company that has won the Israel Defense Prize, provides facial recognition for West Bank checkpoints. The “Blue Wolf” initiative, which gamified the capture of Palestinian biometric data, relies on the same computer vision principles found in Ring’s “Familiar Faces” feature. While Ring does not publicly partner with AnyVision, the technological and operational parallels—and the shared investor ecosystem—suggest a convergence of methodology.⁴²

6.3. BriefCam and Video Synopsis

BriefCam, acquired by Canon but a deep technology partner of AWS, provides “Video Synopsis” technology. This allows operators to review hours of footage in minutes by superimposing events that happened at different times.

• AWS Integration: BriefCam is architected to run on AWS, utilizing EC2 for processing and S3 for storage. This technology is widely used by law enforcement and military intelligence to analyze drone feeds and CCTV footage retrospectively to build “patterns of life” for targets. The recommended deployment architecture for BriefCam is explicitly on the AWS public cloud, facilitating its use by agencies like the Israeli police for crowd control and suspect identification.⁴⁵

6.4. Biometric Identity: Amazon One

Amazon’s palm recognition service, Amazon One, represents the commercialization of biometric identity. While currently used for payments, the backend infrastructure is a massive biometric database hosted on AWS. This normalizes the collection of biological identifiers, a practice that the Israeli military enforces on Palestinians to control movement through the Erez and Qalandia checkpoints. The existence of such a database on the same cloud infrastructure used by the IDF raises concerns about potential cross-referencing or technology transfer regarding biometric matching algorithms.⁴⁸

7. Strategic Acquisitions and Corporate Integration

Amazon’s integration with the Israeli tech ecosystem is cemented through a decade-long strategy of acquiring key infrastructure startups. These acquisitions do not just add products; they absorb entire teams of personnel with defense backgrounds into Amazon’s core, ensuring that the company’s DNA is partly written in Tel Aviv.

7.1. CloudEndure: Guaranteeing Continuity

Acquired by AWS in 2019 for approximately $200 million, CloudEndure provides disaster recovery and migration tools. This technology is essential for the Project Nimbus mandate of ensuring data continuity for the Israeli government.

• Strategic Value: CloudEndure allows for the continuous replication of data from on-premise military servers to the AWS cloud. In the event of a physical attack on Ministry of Defense data centers (a realistic threat scenario), CloudEndure ensures the data survives and can be spun up instantly in the cloud.
• Personnel: The company was founded by Ofer Verschoon, Gil Shai, and Leo Feinberg—veterans of the IDF and high-tech sectors. Their integration into AWS leadership positions ensures that the specific needs of Israeli resilience are understood at the executive level.²⁶

7.2. E8 Storage: Speed for the Kill Chain

The acquisition of E8 Storage (NVMe-over-Fabrics) bolstered AWS’s high-performance storage capabilities. E8’s technology provides the low-latency access to data required for real-time AI applications.

• Relevance to Targeting: Real-time targeting systems like “The Gospel” cannot afford latency. They need to access terabytes of video data instantly. E8’s technology, developed by Zivan Ori and Alex Friedman (Unit 8200 alumni), provides the storage speed necessary for these kinetic applications. The E8 team in Tel Aviv joined AWS to continue developing this high-speed infrastructure.⁵⁰

7.3. Economic Integration and R&D Grants

Amazon is an active participant in the economic strengthening of the Israeli tech sector via joint funding mechanisms.

• Israel Innovation Authority (IIA): Amazon participates in R&D funding tracks alongside the IIA. For example, the Space Florida-Israel Innovation Partnership funds joint aerospace projects. While seemingly civilian, aerospace R&D in Israel is inherently dual-use, often involving satellite communications and drone technologies relevant to the IAF.⁵²
• BionicHIVE Investment: The Amazon Industrial Innovation Fund invested in BionicHIVE, an Israeli robotics firm based in Sderot. While the application is warehouse logistics (robots climbing shelves), the autonomous navigation technology is derived from military robotics principles. This investment supports the resilience of businesses in the Gaza periphery, a strategic priority for the Israeli government.⁵⁴

8. Public Sector Entrenchment: Healthcare and Transportation

Amazon’s complicity extends beyond the military into the civil infrastructure of the state, making the company indispensable to the daily functioning of Israel. This “civilian” entrenchment provides political cover and deepens the data dependency.

8.1. Healthcare Transformation

The Ministry of Health is a key client of the Nimbus public cloud. Amazon works with institutions like Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (in the US, but with deep research ties) and Israeli health organizations to apply machine learning to patient care.

• Data Sovereignty: The Ministry of Health requires strict data residency. AWS’s Tel Aviv region was explicitly designed to meet these “Circular” requirements, ensuring that sensitive genetic and health data of the Israeli population remains under state control—and accessible to the state—within AWS servers.⁵⁶

8.2. Transportation and Smart Cities

AWS powers the “Smart City” initiatives that optimize transportation but also enable surveillance.

• Optibus: An Israeli startup running on AWS that uses AI to optimize public transit. While it improves efficiency, it also creates a detailed map of population movement. The algorithms used to route buses are similar to those used to route military supply convoys, and the founders (Amos Haggiag, Eitan Yanovsky) have backgrounds in mathematics and computer science often recruited by intelligence units.⁵⁸
• Public Sector Finalists: Israel has been a frequent finalist in AWS “City on a Cloud” innovation challenges, highlighting the government’s aggressive adoption of AWS for municipal management, which includes real-time transportation tracking and public safety services.⁵⁹

9. Conclusion

The Technographic Audit concludes that Amazon.com, Inc. is a Tier-1 strategic partner to the Israeli defense establishment. The relationship is defined by deep structural integration that goes far beyond standard commercial vendor arrangements.

Key Findings supporting the 9.1 Score:

1. Irreplaceability: The “Sirius” cloud and the “Lavender” AI targeting system rely on AWS’s specific hyperscale architecture. The IDF cannot easily migrate these “infinite stores” of data to another provider without significant operational degradation.
2. Structural Dependency: Amazon’s own global cloud business is dependent on Israeli engineering (Annapurna/Nitro). This creates a powerful internal disincentive for the company to divest or limit its involvement, effectively holding Amazon’s innovation roadmap hostage to its relationship with Israel.
3. Active Facilitation: The “winking mechanism” and the “no boycott” clauses in the Project Nimbus contract demonstrate an active willingness by Amazon leadership to bypass international legal norms and ethical standards to protect their client.
4. Lethality: The hosting of AI targeting systems links the company directly to kinetic outcomes. Amazon infrastructure is the medium through which the kill chain flows—from data collection to target generation to strike execution.

Amazon functions as a digital sovereign protectorate for the State of Israel, providing the essential silicon, storage, and algorithmic compute power required for modern state warfare and mass surveillance. The relationship is symbiotic, entrenched, and legally insulated from external humanitarian pressure.

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