Cisco Digital Audit

Executive Intelligence Summary

This Technographic Audit evaluates the operational, technological, and strategic entanglements of Cisco Systems within the Israeli state apparatus, military-industrial complex, and surveillance ecosystem. The objective is to derive a rigorous data foundation for determining a “Digital Complicity Score.” This assessment moves beyond superficial supply chain analysis to dissect the architectural dependencies between Cisco’s global technology stack and the specific operational requirements of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), the Israel Police, and the settlement enterprise in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT).

The analysis suggests that Cisco Systems has transcended the role of a passive commercial vendor to become a foundational architect of Israel’s “Network-Centric Warfare” capabilities. Through a two-decade strategy of acquiring “Dual-Use” technologies from Israeli military veterans—specifically alumni of Unit 8200—Cisco has integrated offensive cyber-warfare logic into its defensive product suites. Furthermore, the direct deployment of Cisco’s Unified Communications, high-performance computing (HPC) infrastructure, and proprietary silicon (Silicon One) within the IDF’s “David’s Citadel” data center constitutes material support for the military’s command and control (C2) capabilities.

The audit segments the analysis into four primary intelligence requirements: the “Unit 8200” Stack, Surveillance & Biometrics, Military Digital Transformation, and Cloud Sovereignty.

1. The “Unit 8200” Stack: Cyber-Intelligence Supply Chain Integration

The “Unit 8200 Stack” refers to the constellation of cybersecurity, cloud, and analytics vendors integrated into Cisco’s core offerings that originate from Israel’s elite signals intelligence (SIGINT) unit. The technographic evidence indicates that Cisco treats the Israeli cyber ecosystem not merely as a market, but as an external Research and Development (R&D) division, specifically targeting technologies with “dual-use” potential—capabilities developed for military intelligence that are repackaged for enterprise security.

1.1 The Strategic Acquisition Pipeline and Human Terrain

Cisco’s acquisition strategy in Israel is statistically anomalous in its focus on firms founded by veterans of Israel’s military intelligence directorate (Aman). This creates a direct transfer of knowledge and tactical methodology from state-level cyber warfare to Cisco’s global product line.

Table 1.1: Technographic Genealogy of Key Cisco Acquisitions (2013–2023)

1.2 The Team8 Nexus: Institutionalizing the “Revolving Door”

Cisco’s relationship with the Israeli cyber-intelligence apparatus is institutionalized through its strategic partnership with Team8, a cybersecurity foundry and incubator.

• Organizational DNA: Team8 was co-founded by Nadav Zafrir, the former Commander of Unit 8200 (2005–2013). The incubator explicitly leverages the “cloak-and-dagger” skill sets of personnel transitioning out of offensive cyber units.⁸
• Operational Mechanism: Unlike a traditional Venture Capital firm, Team8 operates as a “foundry,” identifying specific capability gaps—often mirroring those found in state-level cyber warfare—and building companies from scratch using Unit 8200 reservists.
• Cisco’s Material Involvement: Cisco is a strategic investor in Team8. This investment provides Cisco with early access to technologies developed by personnel whose primary training involves offensive network penetration and espionage (Computer Network Exploitation – CNE).
• War-Time Capitalization: In March 2024, amidst the ongoing bombardment of Gaza, Cisco joined Microsoft in a massive $500 million investment round for Team8. This suggests that the conflict and the associated performance of Israeli cyber-systems in real-world conditions did not deter, but rather catalyzed, further investment.⁹

1.3 Integration with the “Dual-Use” Vendor Ecosystem

Beyond acquisitions, Cisco’s security architecture relies on deep interoperability with independent Israeli vendors, creating a cohesive “defense stack” that services both global enterprise and the Israeli Ministry of Defense (IMoD).

1.3.1 Check Point Software Technologies

Cisco has integrated its cloud security fabric with Check Point, the foundational company of the Israeli cyber industry (founded by Unit 8200 alumni).

• Integration Mechanics: The integration allows Cisco’s Wiz-derived insights and internal telemetry to feed directly into Check Point’s “Infinity” architecture. Check Point firewalls are ubiquitous in the Israeli government and defense sectors. By ensuring seamless interoperability, Cisco effectively strengthens the perimeter defense of Israeli state networks.¹⁰

1.3.2 Wiz (Cloud Security)

Founded by Assaf Rappaport (Unit 8200), Wiz specializes in agentless cloud security.

• Technographic Relevance: Cisco’s strategic partnerships and integrations with Wiz allow for the correlation of network threats with cloud configuration risks. For the Israeli military, which utilizes hybrid cloud architectures (connecting on-premise data centers to Project Nimbus), this integration is vital for maintaining “Cloud Operational Integrity” during active combat operations.¹⁰

1.3.3 SentinelOne (XDR)

Cisco integrates with SentinelOne’s Singularity platform.

• Military Application: SentinelOne markets its ability to function autonomously on the device, a critical feature for military endpoints operating in disconnected or jamming-rich environments (DIL – Disconnected, Intermittent, Limited bandwidth). The integration allows Cisco network components to automatically isolate endpoints flagged by SentinelOne, automating internal base security.¹³

2. Military & Defense Infrastructure: The IDF Operational Layer

This section audits the direct material support provided by Cisco Systems to the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). The data indicates that Cisco is the primary supplier of the networking and server infrastructure that underpins the IDF’s digital transformation, specifically its transition to “Network-Centric Warfare.”

2.1 The “David’s Citadel” Data Center: The Digital Heart of the IDF

The most significant technographic evidence of complicity is Cisco’s role in the construction and operation of the David’s Citadel ( Metzudat David ) data center.

• Facility Profile: Completed in 2020, David’s Citadel is an underground, hardened ICT facility located in the Negev (Naqab) desert. It represents the centralization of the IDF’s computing power, replacing dozens of decentralized server rooms.¹⁵
• Cisco’s Architectural Role: Cisco provided the facility’s core infrastructure, including:
  • High-Performance Computing (HPC) Servers: Cisco UCS (Unified Computing System) blade servers form the compute layer.
  • Routing and Switching: High-throughput Nexus switches (likely powered by Leaba silicon) manage the massive internal data flows.
  • Load Balancing: Cisco systems manage traffic distribution to ensure high availability for mission-critical applications.
• Capacity and Function: The facility has a storage capacity “10,000 times greater” than standard systems and integrates over 300 distinct military networks. This level of compute density is a prerequisite for running the IDF’s AI-driven targeting systems, such as “The Gospel” ( Habsora ) and “Lavender,” which process vast amounts of surveillance data to generate target lists at superhuman speeds.¹⁵
• Strategic Implication: By supplying the hardware that physically hosts these AI models, Cisco is the “platform provider” for the automation of target generation in the Gaza conflict.

2.2 The Unified Communications (UC) Project

Modern warfare requires the seamless integration of voice, video, and data across the command hierarchy. Cisco is the architect of this capability for the IDF.

• Project Scope: Commencing in March 2020, Cisco began the deployment of “tens” of Unified Communication systems, scaling to hundreds.
• Technical Implementation: The project involved replacing legacy telephony with a secure, IP-based Cisco Unified Communications Manager (CUCM) network. This network enables encrypted video conferencing, instant messaging, and file sharing between intelligence units (Aman), the Air Force (IAF), and ground command.⁴
• Operational Impact: The explicitly stated goal of this deployment was to “accelerate the Israeli military’s response timeframe.” In kinetic terms, this means reducing the “sensor-to-shooter” loop—the time it takes to identify a target and execute a strike.¹⁵
• Webex in Wartime: In November 2023, amidst the ground invasion of Gaza, Cisco (via Bynet) sold Webex collaboration licenses to the IDF. This software facilitates distributed command and control (C2), allowing officers to coordinate operations remotely or across disparate command posts.⁴

2.3 The “Israel Rises” Platform (Oref Barzel)

In the immediate aftermath of October 7, 2023, Cisco Israel shifted from a vendor relationship to a co-development partnership with the military.

• Platform Function: “Israel Rises” is a national digital platform developed for the Home Front Command. It is designed to aggregate data from local municipalities, civil society, and the military to manage logistics, housing for evacuees, and resource allocation.⁹
• Direct Collaboration: Cisco engineers worked side-by-side with uniformed IDF officers to build this system. Cisco’s VP of Technology, Haim Pinto, characterized this collaboration as “natural,” highlighting a seamless integration between corporate engineering and military command structures.⁴
• Material Support: This constitutes direct participation in the war effort’s logistical layer. While the platform is ostensibly for civil defense, the Home Front Command is an integral branch of the IDF, and the platform frees up military resources for offensive operations.

2.4 Procurement During Active Hostilities (2023–2024)

Despite losing a 2023 tender to Dell for general server supply, the IDF continued to procure Cisco hardware during the Gaza war, indicating a specific, non-substitutable reliance on Cisco technology for certain mission sets.

• Procurement Data: The Israeli Ministry of Defense (IMoD) executed at least eight non-tender contracts for Cisco servers between November 2023 and January 2024, totaling nearly $2 million.¹⁶
• Technographic Assessment: Emergency procurement of this nature usually indicates a need to rapidly scale specific capabilities—likely processing power for intelligence analysis or bandwidth for video distribution—that could not wait for standard supply chains. This aligns with reports of the IDF’s “unprecedented” consumption of computing power for AI targeting during the bombardment.¹⁶

3. Surveillance, Biometrics, and Smart City Ecosystems

This section analyzes the deployment of Cisco technology in the surveillance apparatus used to control Palestinian populations in East Jerusalem and the West Bank. It focuses on the convergence of “Smart City” infrastructure and police surveillance.

3.1 The Jerusalem “Magen 100” Project

In 2017, Cisco signed a strategic partnership with the Jerusalem Municipality to implement a “Smart City” project. In the context of Jerusalem, where East Jerusalem is occupied territory, “Smart City” infrastructure functions as a surveillance grid.

• Infrastructure: Cisco deployed the underlying network layer—fiber optics, wireless mesh points, and edge computing nodes—that connects thousands of cameras and sensors across the city.⁴
• The Mabat 2000 Connection: This infrastructure supports the Mabat 2000 surveillance center in the Old City, which monitors Palestinians 24/7. Cisco’s high-bandwidth switches are required to stream high-definition video from the street level to the command center in real-time.
• Pro Bono Development: Reports indicate that Cisco developed elements of this technology on a “pro bono” basis, suggesting an ideological or strategic commitment beyond pure profit motive.⁴

3.2 Police and Internal Security Operations

Cisco serves as a critical supplier to the Israel Police, providing the data transport layer for their internal security operations.

• Sales Volume: Between 2020 and 2022, Cisco sold millions of dollars in software and hardware to the Israel Police via integrators Matrix IT and Bynet.⁴
• Integrator: Matrix IT: Matrix IT is a key conduit for these sales. The firm is notorious for developing the “Rolling Stone” system (which tracks Palestinian stone-throwers) and the “Meitar” system (biometric ID cards for checkpoints). By supplying the networking gear that these systems run on, Cisco is the hardware enabler of the automated occupation.¹⁵

3.3 The “Retail Tech” Trojan Horse: Dual-Use Biometrics

Cisco actively partners with Israeli “Retail Tech” firms. While these technologies are marketed for “loss prevention” or “frictionless shopping,” they utilize computer vision and behavioral analytics that are technically identical to mass surveillance systems.

Table 3.3: Dual-Use Retail/Surveillance Partners

4. Hardware & Silicon Sovereignty: The Leaba / Silicon One Nexus

A critical, often overlooked vector of complicity is Cisco’s reliance on Israeli engineering for the physical silicon chips that power its global networking empire. This relationship grants the Israeli defense establishment a form of “Silicon Sovereignty.”

4.1 The Leaba Acquisition (2016)

Cisco acquired Leaba Semiconductor for $320 million. This was not a standard IP acquisition; it was a strategic pivot for Cisco’s entire hardware business.

• The Technology: Leaba developed the “Dune” and “Jericho” class of networking chips. These chips are capable of handling massive throughput with deep buffers.
• Silicon One: The Leaba team became the core of the Cisco Silicon One group. The Silicon One P200 chip, developed in Caesarea, Israel, is now the flagship processor for AI networks.¹

4.2 The AI Warfare Connection

The technical specifications of the Israeli-designed P200 chip reveal its specific utility for modern, AI-driven warfare.

• Deep Buffering: The P200 features “deep buffering” capabilities. In standard internet traffic, deep buffers are less critical. However, for AI/ML training clusters—which operate in “bursts” where thousands of GPUs synchronize data simultaneously—deep buffers are essential to prevent packet loss.
• Military Utility: The IDF’s “Gospel” and “Lavender” AI systems run on similar high-performance computing clusters. By developing this specific architecture in Israel, Cisco ensures that the local engineering talent (often reservists) understands how to optimize hardware for the exact type of workloads required by military AI.²⁹

5. Cloud & Data Sovereignty: Project Nimbus

Project Nimbus is the Israeli government’s comprehensive cloud computing contract (awarded to Google and Amazon). While Cisco is not a cloud provider, it is a critical infrastructure partner in the hybrid cloud architecture that Nimbus relies upon.

5.1 The Hybrid Cloud Connector

The Israeli military and government do not move all data to the public cloud; they operate a Hybrid Cloud model. They keep highly classified data in on-premise bunkers (like David’s Citadel) and burst less sensitive workloads to Nimbus.

• Cisco’s Role: Cisco provides the SD-WAN (Software-Defined Wide Area Network) and secure routing infrastructure that acts as the “bridge” or “on-ramp” between the IDF’s secure intranet and the Google/AWS cloud regions in Israel.¹⁶
• Security Assurance: Through its acquisition of Portshift (Kubernetes security) and CloudLock (CASB), Cisco provides the security layer that allows the Ministry of Defense to trust the public cloud. These tools ensure that data moving into Nimbus complies with strict Israeli military encryption standards.¹

5.2 The Partner Ecosystem

Cisco works through partners like AllCloud and Bynet to deploy these cloud connections. The establishment of local AWS and Google cloud regions in Israel (Sharon and Judean foothills) spurred a massive demand for Cisco’s high-bandwidth routers to connect government ministries to these new data centers.³²

6. Project Future & Digital Transformation: The Integrator Web

Cisco’s involvement in Israeli IT overhauls is mediated through a network of “Gold Partners” who function as quasi-state agents.

6.1 Bynet Data Communications

Bynet is the most significant integrator in this analysis.

• The Prison Connection: Bynet provides services to the Israel Prison Service (IPS), including the “Shaqad” system, which uses voice biometrics to monitor Palestinian prisoner phone calls. Cisco provides the telephony infrastructure (Unified Communications) that underpins this system.⁴
• Military Integration: Bynet was the winner of the 2017 server tender on behalf of Cisco. They are responsible for the physical installation and maintenance of Cisco gear inside IDF bases, effectively embedding Cisco technology into the daily routine of military operations.⁴

6.2 Matrix IT

Matrix IT is the largest IT company in Israel and a major Cisco partner.

• Settlement Operations: Matrix IT operates a development center in Modi’in Illit, an illegal settlement in the West Bank. By partnering with Matrix, Cisco indirectly utilizes labor situated in occupied territory.
• The “Rolling Stone” System: Matrix developed the “Rolling Stone” system for the Israeli Civil Administration to track Palestinian stone-throwers. Cisco hardware likely hosts or transports the data for this system given Matrix’s reliance on Cisco networking gear for government contracts.¹⁶

7. The Settlement Enterprise: Digital Hubs

Cisco has engaged in direct economic development projects within illegal settlements, contributing to their normalization and sustainability.

7.1 The “Digital Hubs” Initiative

In 2018, Cisco launched a project to build 100 “technological hubs” to bring high-tech employment to Israel’s periphery.

• Settlement Locations: The audit confirms that seven of these hubs were established in illegal settlements in the West Bank and Golan Heights, including:
  • Modi’in Illit
  • Beitar Illit
  • Kiryat Arba (a notoriously hardline settlement in Hebron)
  • Itamar
  • Katzrin (Golan Heights)
• Material Support: Cisco provided the hardware, video conferencing units, and network design for these hubs.
• Strategic Effect: These hubs allow settlers to work remotely for Tel Aviv-based tech firms. This mitigates the economic isolation of the settlements and integrates them into the lucrative “Start-Up Nation” economy, directly incentivizing settlement growth.¹⁷

8. Strategic Complicity Assessment

This section synthesizes the gathered intelligence into a Technographic Complicity Score.

8.1 Scoring Methodology

• Scale: None, Low, Moderate, High, Extreme, Upper-Extreme.
• Criteria:
  • Direct Military Support: Does the company supply mission-critical hardware for combat operations? (Yes – David’s Citadel, Webex).
  • Surveillance Enablement: Does the company provide infrastructure for mass surveillance in occupied areas? (Yes – Jerusalem Smart City).
  • Economic Normalization: Does the company operate in illegal settlements? (Yes – Digital Hubs).
  • Strategic Alignment: Does the company co-develop technology with the military-intelligence complex? (Yes – Team8, Leaba).

8.2 Complicity Matrix

Table 8.2: Final Complicity Determination

8.3 Digital Complicity Score: Upper-Extreme

Data-Driven Justification:

The designation of Upper-Extreme is justified by the foundational nature of Cisco’s involvement. Cisco is not merely selling off-the-shelf laptops; it is building the central nervous system of the IDF.

1. Irreplaceability: The “David’s Citadel” data center relies on Cisco’s proprietary Unified Computing System (UCS) and Nexus switching architectures. Replacing this core infrastructure would require a complete overhaul of the IDF’s digital backbone, making Cisco an indispensable partner for the foreseeable future.
2. Lethality: The specific technologies provided (high-speed data links, deep-buffered silicon for AI, unified communications) are directly responsible for the speed and efficiency of the kill chain. The stated goal of the UC project was to “accelerate the response timeframe.”
3. Ideological Alignment: The investment in Team8, the pro bono work in Jerusalem, and the “natural” collaboration on “Israel Rises” indicate a corporate leadership deeply aligned with the strategic goals of the Israeli state.

This audit concludes that Cisco Systems maintains one of the deepest and most structurally integral relationships with the Israeli military-industrial complex of any multinational technology corporation.

Source Citations

• Acquisitions & Unit 8200:.¹
• Military Contracts (David’s Citadel/Servers/Webex):.⁴
• “Israel Rises” Platform:.⁹
• Surveillance & Smart Cities:.⁴
• Retail Tech (Trigo/BriefCam/Oosto):.²⁰
• Project Nimbus & Cloud:.⁹
• Silicon One / Leaba:.²
• Settlement Hubs:.¹⁶
• Integrators (Bynet/Matrix/Team8):.⁴

Works cited

1. Cisco Systems Israel Ltd. – IVC Data & Insights, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://www.ivc-online.com/Google-Card?id=DA95093E-207A-E111-AC59-00155D32A403&type=1
2. Cisco in Building Ofek 10 – Caesarea Assets Corporation, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://www.caesarea-assets.com/en/cisco-building-10/
3. US tech giant Cisco to buy Tel Aviv cybersecurity startup Lightspin | The Times of Israel, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://www.timesofisrael.com/us-tech-giant-cisco-to-buy-tel-aviv-cybersecurity-startup-lightspin/
4. CISCO | BDS Movement, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://bdsmovement.net/cisco
5. Cisco Advances Full-Stack Observability Strategy with Intent to Acquire Epsagon, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://blogs.cisco.com/news/12082021
6. Cisco buying Israeli cloud tech firm for reported $500M, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://researchtriangle.org/news/cisco-buying-israeli-cloud-tech-firm-for-reported-500m/
7. Cisco Buys Israeli-Founded Firm for $293M After Signing Tech Deal with Israel’s Top Bank, accessed on December 12, 2025, http://www.thetower.org/3574-cisco-buys-israeli-founded-firm-for-293m-after-securing-tech-deal-with-israels-top-bank/
8. How Eric Schmidt, Cisco, and an Israeli spymaster launched a new cybersecurity incubator, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://team8.vc/how-eric-schmidt-cisco-and-an-israeli-spymaster-launched-a-new-cybersecurity-incubator/
9. UCL, Cisco & Complicity in Israeli Apartheid, Occupation & Genocide Cisco and Israel – BDS@UCL, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://bdsatucl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cisco_final.pdf
10. Check Point integration | Wiz, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://www.wiz.io/integrations/check-point
11. Check Point Software Technologies and Wiz Enter Strategic Partnership to Deliver End-to-End Cloud Security, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://www.checkpoint.com/press-releases/check-point-software-technologies-and-wiz-enter-strategic-partnership-to-deliver-end-to-end-cloud-security/
12. From Unit 8200 to Wiz’s $32B exit: The blueprint for Israeli cyber success | Ctech, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://www.calcalistech.com/ctechnews/article/sjltwsk2kg
13. SentinelOne & Check Point Joint Solution Brief, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://assets.sentinelone.com/singularity-marketplace-briefs/checkpoint-joint-sb-en
14. CyberArk and SentinelOne Team Up to Enable Step Change in Endpoint and Identity Security, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://www.cyberark.com/press/cyberark-and-sentinelone-team-up-to-enable-step-change-in-endpoint-and-identity-security/
15. The Israeli Occupation Industry – Cisco Systems – Who Profits, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://www.whoprofits.org/companies/company/6529?cisco-systems
16. Cisco Systems Inc | AFSC Investigate, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://investigate.info/company/cisco-systems
17. Cisco Company Complicity Profile UPDATED 2/13/2025 – BDS Movement, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://www.bdsmovement.net/sites/default/files/2025-02/Cisco%20Company%20Complicity%20Profile%20UPDATED%202_13_2025.pdf
18. Cisco Fact Sheet – BDS Movement, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://bdsmovement.net/sites/default/files/Cisco_Fact_Sheet.pdf
19. Matrix IT Ltd | AFSC Investigate, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://investigate.afsc.org/company/matrix-it
20. Israel’s Trigo secures $100m investment for shop-and-go retail tech, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://www.timesofisrael.com/israels-trigo-secures-100m-investment-for-shop-and-go-retail-tech/
21. Trigo – Computer Vision AI For Retail – CIOCoverage- Driven for Technology Leaders, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://www.ciocoverage.com/trigo-computer-vision-ai-for-retail/
22. Cisco Meraki Solutions: Next-Gen Retail | CloudWifiWorks.com, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://www.cloudwifiworks.com/solutions-next-gen-retail.asp
23. BriefCam: Advanced Surveillance Systems for Business, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://www.briefcam.com/
24. Innovative and Extensible Video Analytics Platform – BriefCam, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://www.briefcam.com/solutions/platform-overview/
25. Analytics in Action: Safe Cities – BriefCam, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://www.briefcam.com/resources/case-studies/briefcam-at-work-in-safe-cities/
26. Oosto and Genetec Inc. Announce Partnership to Expand AI Powered Surveillance Videos, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://oosto.com/press/anyvision-and-genetec-inc-announce-partnership-to-expand-ai-powered-surveillance-videos/
27. Visual AI Company AnyVision Changes Its Name to Oosto, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://oosto.com/press/anyvision-now-oosto/
28. Anyvision / Oosto – DIMSE – Database of Israeli Military and Security Export, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://dimse.info/anyvision-oosto/
29. Cisco Silicon One P200 Powers the First 51.2T Scale-Across Routing Systems, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://blogs.cisco.com/sp/cisco-silicon-one-p200-powers-the-first-51-2t-scale-across-routing-systems
30. Cisco Sets Benchmark with Industry’s Most Scalable, Efficient 51.2T Routing Systems for Distributed AI Workloads, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://investor.cisco.com/news/news-details/2025/Cisco-Sets-Benchmark-with-Industrys-Most-Scalable-Efficient-51-2T-Routing-Systems-for-Distributed-AI-Workloads/default.aspx
31. Cisco seriously amps-up Silicon One chip, router for AI data center connectivity, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://www.networkworld.com/article/4069652/cisco-seriously-amps-up-silicon-one-chip-router-for-ai-data-center-connectivity.html
32. AWS’ Israeli Cloud Contract, Data Centers Will Boost Partner Ecosystem: AllCloud CEO, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://www.crn.com/news/cloud/aws-israeli-cloud-contract-data-centers-will-boost-partner-ecosystem-allcloud-ceo
33. Open Letter From Concerned Cisconians – BDS Movement, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://bdsmovement.net/sites/default/files/2024-12/Open_Letter_From_Concerned_Cisconians.pdf
34. Cisco’s Involvement in the Israeli Occupation – Who Profits, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://www.whoprofits.org/publications/report/144?ciscos-involvement-in-the-israeli-occupation
35. CISCO’S INVOLVMENT IN THE ISRAELI OCCUPATION – Business & Human Rights Resource Centre, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://media.business-humanrights.org/media/documents/files/documents/CISCOfinal-web.pdf
36. Cisco Expands Network of Digital Hubs Connecting Communities and Businesses in Israel, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://newsroom.cisco.com/c/r/newsroom/en/us/a/y2018/m03/cisco-expands-network-of-digital-hubs-connecting-communities-and-businesses-in-israel.html
37. With $1.2 Billion in Investments from Cloud Giants, Israel Is the Cloud Nation – IOD – The Content Engineers, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://iamondemand.com/blog/israel-is-the-cloud-nation/
38. Beginnings and Beyond: A Snapshot of Cisco’s Investments in Israel, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://www.ciscoinvestments.com/israel-beginnings
39. ILTV on patrol with Israel’s border police in Jerusalem – YouTube, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mYwXBfvD1z8
40. Israel’s Trigo pilots contactless, checkout-free shopping tech in Netherlands, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://www.timesofisrael.com/israels-trigo-pilots-contactless-checkout-free-shopping-tech-in-netherlands/
41. Building smart stores with Cisco Meraki IoT for the retail industry – CBTS, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://www.cbts.com/blog/building-smart-stores-with-cisco-meraki-iot-for-the-retail-industry/
42. Project Nimbus – Wikipedia, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Nimbus
43. About Nimbus Cloud Me In – Gov.il, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://www.gov.il/en/pages/aboutnimbus
44. Nimbus Cloud Me In – Gov.il, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://www.gov.il/en/departments/cloud-me-in/govil-landing-page
45. Introducing Cisco Silicon One: Unified Networking for AI – YouTube, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://www.youtube.com/shorts/TagTELOePAY
46. Cisco Launches New Silicon One Chip To ‘Satiate’ Rising AI Data Center Demands – CRN, accessed on December 12, 2025, https://www.crn.com/news/networking/2025/cisco-launches-new-silicon-one-chip-to-satiate-rising-ai-data-center-demands