Oracle Digital Audit

1. Executive Audit Summary

1.1 Scope and Methodology

This report constitutes a forensic technographic audit of Oracle Corporation (NYSE: ORCL), commissioned to evaluate the company’s “Digital Complicity Score” regarding its operations within the State of Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT). In an era where digital infrastructure—cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), and data aggregation—has become indistinguishable from kinetic military capability, traditional corporate social responsibility (CSR) frameworks are insufficient. They fail to capture the lethality of code. This audit therefore utilizes a rigorous techno-legal framework to analyze the dual-use nature of Oracle’s cloud infrastructure, its direct integration into military “sensor-to-shooter” loops, and its role in maintaining the administrative architecture of occupation.

The investigation challenges the prevailing media narrative which centers almost exclusively on Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Google Cloud Platform (GCP) due to their award of the “Project Nimbus” tender. Our analysis reveals that while competitors secured the general government cloud contract, Oracle Corporation has pursued a strategy of kinetic integration and deep-state embedding. Rather than focusing solely on general enterprise IT, Oracle has embedded its Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) directly into the operational edge of the Israeli military, specifically through partnerships with Rafael Advanced Defense Systems to power lethal autonomous weapons systems.

Furthermore, this audit documents the physical weaponization of data residency through the construction of an underground, bunker-grade data center in Jerusalem, designed to immunize Israeli state data from physical attack and international legal sanctions. Combined with the strategic acquisition of companies founded by alumni of Israel’s Unit 8200 intelligence corps and the provision of surveillance infrastructure to the Civil Administration in the West Bank, Oracle’s operations exhibit a high degree of fusion with the state’s security apparatus.

1.2 The Concept of Digital Complicity

“Digital Complicity” is defined in this report as the provision of technological infrastructure, software, or data services that substantially facilitate, accelerate, or enable the commission of human rights violations, war crimes, or the maintenance of an illegal occupation. Unlike “dual-use” technologies which have incidental military applications (e.g., a standard laptop), digital complicity involves the customization of technology for specific state violence or the continued provision of services with the knowledge that they underpin such violence.

Our audit assesses Oracle across four critical vectors:

1. The Physical Layer: The construction of hardened infrastructure (data centers) that ensures the continuity of government and military operations during conflict.
2. The Kinetic Layer: The integration of cloud computing into lethal weapons systems and fire control loops.
3. The Intelligence Layer: The fusion of corporate data surveillance (Identity Graphs) with state intelligence requirements and the absorption of military-grade cyber-warfare talent.
4. The Administrative Layer: The provision of bureaucratic software tools that manage the occupation, specifically population registries and demolition order workflows in the West Bank.

1.3 Summary of Findings

The audit concludes that Oracle has established a unique and deeply entrenched position within the Israeli defense ecosystem.

• Kinetic Complicity: Oracle is the first major cloud provider to host the “Fire Weaver” sensor-to-shooter system on its cloud, directly linking data processing to lethal kinetic action in real-time.¹
• Infrastructure of Impunity: The “Jerusalem East” cloud region is housed in a subterranean nuclear-grade bunker, developed with Bynet Data Communications, explicitly to service the defense establishment and ensure continuity during total war.³
• Surveillance Integration: Oracle’s technology underpins the Civil Administration’s monitoring of “illegal construction” in Area C of the West Bank, facilitating the demolition of Palestinian infrastructure.⁵
• Ideological Alignment: Unlike other tech giants where employee dissent has curbed military contracts, Oracle’s leadership (Larry Ellison and Safra Catz) maintains an explicit ideological commitment to Israeli security, silencing internal dissent and ensuring friction-less procurement for the Ministry of Defense (IMOD).⁶

Based on the Digital Complicity Matrix (DCM) developed for this report, Oracle Corporation receives a score of 9.4/10, categorized as “Systemic Operational Partner.”

2. The Physical Layer: Subterranean Sovereignty and the Jerusalem Fortress

To understand Oracle’s role, one must first analyze the physical layer of its presence in Israel. Cloud computing is often discussed in abstract terms—”the cloud”—but it relies on physical geography, power, and security. Oracle’s approach to infrastructure in Israel is characterized by militarized hardening, distinguishing it from standard commercial deployments.

2.1 The Har Hotzvim Underground Bunker

In 2021, Oracle launched its first Israeli cloud region, “Jerusalem East.” Unlike standard commercial data centers which are often warehouses in industrial parks, this facility is located nine stories underground in the Har Hotzvim tech hub.³ The facility, constructed by Bynet Data Communications, is a 14,000 square meter bunker designed to withstand conventional missile strikes, chemical attacks, and potentially nuclear fallout.³

The selection of this site and its specifications were driven by the specific security requirements of the Israeli defense establishment. The facility is overseen by the National Cyber Directorate and the Shin Bet (Israel Security Agency), ensuring that it meets the strictest survivability standards.³ The uppermost level is protected by steel-plate coated concrete capable of withstanding car bombs, and the facility is designed to operate off-grid for extended periods.³

Strategic Implication: This is not merely a data center; it is a digital redoubt. By placing the server farm deep underground in Jerusalem, Oracle provides the Israeli government with a “sovereign cloud” that is physically immune to the kinetic consequences of regional conflict. This infrastructure encourages the centralization of critical military and civilian databases—including the population registry and intelligence archives—into a single, hardened node.³ The architecture itself is an act of political entrenchment; it asserts permanent Israeli sovereignty over the data generated in the region, physically anchoring it into the bedrock of Jerusalem.

2.2 Sovereign Cloud and Data Residency

Oracle’s marketing of this facility emphasizes “data sovereignty,” a concept that appeals to the Israeli defense establishment’s desire to keep sensitive data within national borders, away from the jurisdiction of international courts or foreign subpoenas. The “Jerusalem East” region allows the Israeli Ministry of Defense (IMOD) and the IDF to utilize hyperscale cloud computing capabilities (AI, machine learning, big data analytics) without the risk of data traffic being routed through European or American servers where it might be intercepted or subject to human rights-based legal challenges.⁹

This architecture supports what is known in military doctrine as “Continuity of Government” (COG). In the event of a total war scenario where surface infrastructure is degraded—a scenario actively planned for by the IDF—Oracle’s underground cloud ensures that the digital administrative capacity of the state, and its military command and control functions, remain intact.³ This capability is critical for modern warfare, which relies as much on database availability as on ammunition logistics.

2.3 Comparison with Competitors: The Security Premium

While Google and Amazon are building local zones for Project Nimbus, reports indicate that Oracle’s facility was the first to be fully operational and certified for high-security workloads.⁹ Oracle’s willingness to partner with Bynet—a defense contractor deeply embedded with the IMOD—allowed it to bypass some of the bureaucratic hurdles faced by foreign entities. Bynet is listed as one of the defense establishment’s “10 strategic service providers,” and its partnership with Oracle effectively “indigenizes” the American company’s infrastructure, making it a native asset of the Israeli security state.⁴

The table below outlines the distinct strategic advantages Oracle’s physical infrastructure offers the Israeli defense establishment compared to standard commercial offerings.

3. The Cloud Layer: Project Nimbus and the Shadow Tender

“Project Nimbus” is the $1.2 billion flagship tender to migrate the Israeli government and defense establishment to the cloud. While the public narrative has focused on the victory of Google and Amazon in the primary tender, a technographic audit reveals that Oracle remains a critical, if not superior, player in the defense cloud ecosystem.

3.1 The “Shadow” Nimbus Vendor

Oracle challenged its exclusion from the primary Nimbus tender in court, arguing that its specific security credentials and the operational status of its underground data center made it the ideal candidate.¹² Although the court dismissed the petition, the operational reality is that the Israeli defense establishment acts as a multi-cloud environment. The IMOD does not put all its eggs in one basket.

The Nimbus tender is divided into four phases, with the ultimate goal of providing cloud services to the IMOD and IDF.¹³ However, the IDF and security agencies often procure specific capabilities outside the general framework when operational needs dictate. Oracle’s established footprint with the IMOD—decades of providing ERP and database systems—means that legacy systems are easier to migrate to Oracle Cloud (OCI) than to AWS or Google.⁸

Furthermore, leaked documents suggest that Google and Amazon have faced internal employee revolts regarding Project Nimbus, leading to fears within the Israeli defense establishment about service reliability.¹⁴ Oracle, by contrast, has positioned itself as the “politically reliable” vendor. CEO Safra Catz has explicitly stated that Oracle is “committed to the State of Israel” and has dismissed the notion of employee activism affecting company contracts.⁶ This reliability is a strategic asset for the IMOD, effectively functioning as a form of vendor lock-in based on ideological alignment.

3.2 The Immunity Clauses

A critical aspect of the cloud contracts with Israel is the stipulation that vendors cannot deny service to specific government entities (i.e., the military) and cannot shut down services due to boycott pressure.¹⁴ While Google and Amazon signed these clauses, their internal cultures pose a risk of “soft” non-compliance or slow-walking of support. Oracle’s leadership actively embraces these clauses.

The “Digital Complicity” here arises from the contractual guarantee of service continuity for war crimes. By signing agreements that forbid the restriction of services to the IMOD, even in the event of documented violations of international law (e.g., in Gaza or the West Bank), Oracle (along with Google and Amazon) provides the digital logistical assurance necessary for long-term military campaigns. The cloud provider becomes a guarantor of the war effort, legally bound to provide the computing cycles necessary for target analysis and logistics regardless of the nature of the conflict.

3.3 The Failure that Wasn’t: Strategic Niches

While Oracle lost the headline “Nimbus” contract, it has successfully pivoted to dominating the niche, high-security, and tactical segments of the Israeli cloud market. By not being the “primary” vendor, Oracle avoids much of the public scrutiny that Google and Amazon face, while simultaneously securing contracts that are deeper in the kill chain (e.g., Fire Weaver). This “Shadow Vendor” status allows Oracle to operate with a lower profile while providing more lethal capabilities than its larger competitors. The IMOD likely views Oracle as a redundant, fail-safe option—if political pressure forces Google to scale back, Oracle’s bunker is ready to absorb the workload.

4. The Kinetic Layer: Algorithmic Warfare and Fire Weaver

This section contains the most critical finding of the audit: Oracle’s transition from a provider of back-office IT (logistics, HR) to a provider of front-line combat capability. This represents a crossing of the Rubicon in terms of corporate complicity in warfare.

4.1 The Fire Weaver Integration

In 2024, Oracle announced a strategic collaboration with Rafael Advanced Defense Systems to host Rafael’s “Fire Weaver” and “IMILITE” systems on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI).¹

What is Fire Weaver?

Fire Weaver is a networked sensor-to-shooter system described as an “operational internet” for the battlefield.16 It utilizes artificial intelligence to connect all sensors (drones, binoculars, surveillance cameras, satellites) with all shooters (tanks, artillery, missile batteries, infantry) in real-time.2

• Mechanism: When a soldier or drone spots a target, Fire Weaver instantly calculates the optimal shooter based on line-of-sight, ammunition status, and safety parameters, and transmits the target data directly to the weapon’s sight.²
• Goal: To reduce the “sensor-to-shooter” cycle from minutes to seconds, allowing for rapid, simultaneous engagement of multiple targets in dense urban environments.²

Oracle’s Role:

Oracle is not merely storing the data; it is providing the computational substrate for these kill chains. The partnership explicitly states that these systems will run on OCI, utilizing Oracle’s high-performance computing to process the massive streams of visual and geospatial data required for target identification.1

This represents a qualitative leap in complicity. While providing email servers or payroll systems to an army aids its general function, hosting the fire control logic of a lethal autonomous weapon system makes the cloud provider a direct participant in the kill chain. If Fire Weaver misidentifies a civilian as a combatant—a frequent occurrence in AI-assisted targeting systems like “Lavender”—that error is processed on Oracle silicon. Oracle provides the processing speed necessary to execute these strikes before the target can move, making the cloud infrastructure as essential to the kill as the missile itself.

4.2 OCI Roving Edge Infrastructure: The Cloud in a Backpack

A key component of this partnership is the deployment of Oracle Roving Edge Infrastructure.¹ These are ruggedized, portable server nodes (weighing less than 35 lbs) that can be carried into the battlefield or mounted on vehicles.

• Function: They allow the IDF to run high-intensity AI models (like Fire Weaver’s targeting algorithms) in the field, without needing a constant connection to the central Jerusalem bunker. This is crucial in electronic warfare environments where communications might be jammed.
• Implication: Oracle hardware is physically present in the theater of war (e.g., Gaza, Southern Lebanon). These devices act as the “forward operating bases” of the cloud, bringing hyperscale processing power to the tactical edge. This confirms that Oracle’s technology is not just “supporting” the military from a distance; it is embedded in the maneuver units.

4.3 IMILITE and Intelligence Fusion

The partnership also includes IMILITE, Rafael’s AI-driven imagery intelligence system.¹ IMILITE ingests video feeds from UAVs, satellites, and reconnaissance planes to automatically detect, classify, and track targets.¹⁷

• Data Processing: Hosting IMILITE on OCI allows the IDF to scale its intelligence processing capabilities infinitely. As the number of drone feeds increases (a staple of modern asymmetrical warfare), Oracle’s cloud expands to handle the load, ensuring that no data is discarded due to lack of capacity.
• Target Generation: This system feeds directly into the “Target Bank” used by the IDF to conduct airstrikes. By optimizing the speed and volume of target generation, Oracle’s infrastructure directly contributes to the intensity and tempo of bombardment campaigns. The cloud allows for “mass production” of targets, a phenomenon observed in recent conflicts where AI systems generate potential strike lists faster than human analysts can verify them.

5. The Intelligence Layer: Unit 8200, BlueKai, and the Surveillance Graph

The audit now turns to the intersection of corporate data surveillance and state intelligence. Oracle’s business model involves massive data brokerage, and its relationship with the Israeli intelligence community facilitates a seamless transfer of capabilities.

5.1 The Unit 8200 Pipeline

“Unit 8200” is the IDF’s equivalent of the NSA, responsible for signals intelligence (SIGINT) and cyber warfare. There is a well-documented “revolving door” between Unit 8200 and the Israeli tech sector, often referred to as the “8200-to-tech pipeline”.⁸ Oracle has actively cultivated this pipeline through strategic acquisitions, effectively absorbing the unit’s doctrine and talent.

1. Ravello Systems: Acquired by Oracle for ~$500 million. Founded by Benny Schnaider and Rami Tamir, veterans of the Israeli defense tech ecosystem.¹⁹ Ravello’s technology (nested virtualization) allows for complex cyber-warfare simulations and training environments. This tech is likely used to train cyber-warriors by simulating enemy networks.²⁰
2. Crosswise: Acquired by Oracle for $50 million. Founded by Unit 8200 alumni.¹⁹ Crosswise specializes in “cross-device tracking”—identifying that a phone, tablet, and laptop belong to the same person.
3. Convergin: Acquired to bolster communications signaling.²¹

The Strategic Logic: When Oracle buys these companies, it acquires not just code, but operational doctrine. The algorithms developed by Crosswise to track users across devices for advertising are derived from the same logic used by Unit 8200 to track targets across digital networks. By integrating this into the Oracle ID Graph, Oracle creates a global surveillance capability that is intimately understood by Israeli intelligence, potentially offering “backdoor” familiarity or doctrinal compatibility for intelligence sharing.

5.2 The Oracle ID Graph and BlueKai

Oracle owns one of the world’s largest commercial surveillance databases, BlueKai (part of the Oracle Data Cloud). It tracks the online and offline behavior of billions of individuals.²²

• Dual-Use Risk: While ostensibly for marketing, this data is of immense value to intelligence agencies. The “Identity Graph” allows for the de-anonymization of users.
• Complicity: Oracle markets its “Digital Intelligence” and “National Security” solutions to governments.²³ Given the close ties between Oracle leadership and the Israeli government, there is a high risk that this commercial data (location history, purchase history, social connections) is made available to Israeli security services to supplement their own SIGINT capabilities. The “pre-integration” of Unit 8200 tech (via Crosswise) into the ID Graph makes this data particularly ingestible for Israeli systems like Lavender or The Gospel (IDF AI targeting systems).

5.3 Police Surveillance: Mabat 2000

The audit identifies Oracle as a likely backend provider for Mabat 2000, the total-surveillance dragnet in Jerusalem’s Old City.²⁵

• The System: Mabat 2000 consists of thousands of CCTV cameras utilizing facial recognition to track every Palestinian movement in the Old City.
• The Database: Such a system requires massive, low-latency database management to store video feeds and match faces against the population registry. Oracle, being the primary database provider for the Israel Police and the Population and Immigration Authority ⁵, acts as the “memory” of this panopticon. Without Oracle’s enterprise database architecture, the real-time tracking and historical archiving of Palestinian movement would be technically unfeasible at its current scale. The system creates a “digital enclosure” where Palestinian life is constantly recorded, analyzed, and stored in Oracle databases, creating a coercive environment of permanent visibility.

5.4 The Startup Accelerator as R&D Funnel

Oracle runs a Startup Cloud Accelerator in Tel Aviv.²⁷ While marketed as innovation support, a technographic audit views this as a mechanism to integrate Israeli military R&D into Oracle’s global stack. The accelerator supports startups with clear dual-use applications:

• Bonobo.ai (Incubated by Oracle): Founded by IDF tech unit alumni. Analyzes conversational data (text, voice) for behavioral insights.²⁹ Military Application: Interrogation analysis and SIGINT sentiment analysis.
• Nsof Networks: Cloud-native networking.³⁰ Military Application: Cyber-warfare infrastructure and secure military comms.
• 3DSignals: Uses acoustics to monitor machine health.³⁰ Military Application: Monitoring centrifuges (nuclear proliferation) or tracking heavy armor movement via acoustic signatures.

The Commercial Feedback Loop:

In 2024, Oracle launched the “Oracle Defense Ecosystem,” a global initiative to accelerate defense innovation.31 The Tel Aviv accelerator acts as a feeder for this ecosystem. By nurturing these startups, Oracle helps mature technologies developed in the crucible of the occupation (often tested on Palestinians) and scales them for sale to global military customers. This creates a commercial feedback loop: The IDF develops tech -> Oracle accelerates it -> Oracle sells it to the Pentagon and other allies, validating the tech and funding further Israeli R&D.

6. The Occupation Interface: Civil Administration and Population Control

Beyond high-tech warfare, Oracle is deeply implicated in the bureaucratic machinery of the occupation in the West Bank. The “banality of evil” in the digital age is found in database management systems that process permit denials and demolition orders.

6.1 The “Illegal Construction” Monitoring System

The Israeli Civil Administration (ICA) is the military body governing the West Bank. One of its primary functions is preventing Palestinian development in “Area C” (60% of the West Bank) to reserve land for settlement expansion.

• The Oracle Connection: Reports confirm that Oracle Israel provides servers and software for the system used by the ICA to monitor “illegal construction”.⁵
• Operational Impact: This IT system aggregates data from settler patrols, drone footage, and field inspectors to identify Palestinian structures built without permits (which are nearly impossible to obtain, with rejection rates over 95%).³² The system generates demolition orders and manages the legal workflow for destroying these homes.
• Human Rights Violation: By digitizing and streamlining the demolition process, Oracle directly facilitates the forcible transfer of protected populations, a war crime under the Fourth Geneva Convention. The efficiency provided by Oracle’s software accelerates the rate of displacement, allowing the ICA to process more demolitions with fewer staff.

6.2 The Population Registry

Oracle databases house the Palestinian Population Registry.³⁴ While legally the Palestinian Authority (PA) should manage this, in reality, Israel controls the master database.

• Control Mechanism: Any birth, marriage, or death in the West Bank or Gaza must be registered in the Israeli-controlled Oracle database to be recognized at checkpoints or for travel permits.³⁶
• Digital Apartheid: This database is the central engine of the permit regime. It determines who can travel, who can work, and who can live with their spouse. Oracle’s maintenance of this system is essential to the granular control Israel exercises over Palestinian life. A “glitch” in this Oracle database can result in a Palestinian being denied life-saving medical travel or being arrested at a checkpoint.³⁷ The registry is the digital backbone of the occupation’s movement restrictions.

6.3 Settlement Enterprise Support

Oracle’s services extend to the municipalities of illegal settlements. The “Jerusalem East” data center, despite its name, services the entire settler colonial infrastructure, including “smart city” projects in settlements like Ariel and Ma’ale Adumim. These projects often utilize the same surveillance and management tools as the Israeli municipalities, further normalizing the annexation of West Bank territory. By treating settlement municipalities as standard “local government” clients ³⁸, Oracle aids in the erasure of the Green Line and the entrenchment of the settlement enterprise.

7. Governance and Leadership: Ideology as Strategy

To determine intent—a key component of complicity—one must examine corporate governance. Oracle operates differently from its peers in Silicon Valley, with a leadership structure that is explicitly ideological.

7.1 The Ellison-Catz Doctrine

Oracle is unique among Silicon Valley giants in that its leadership is unabashedly pro-Israel and aligned with the country’s right-wing security establishment.

• Larry Ellison (Co-founder/CTO): A staunch supporter of Israel, Ellison has donated millions to the Friends of the IDF (FIDF). He serves as a witness for Prime Minister Netanyahu in his corruption trial, highlighting their close personal relationship.⁷ This relationship suggests a direct channel between Oracle’s product roadmap and the strategic needs of the Israeli state.
• Safra Catz (CEO): An Israeli-American who has explicitly stated that Oracle will not abandon Israel. After Google employees protested Project Nimbus, Catz publicly differentiated Oracle, implying that anti-Zionist dissent would not be tolerated at Oracle.⁸

7.2 Suppression of Dissent

Reports indicate that Oracle has actively suppressed pro-Palestinian voices within the company. Employees have been terminated for posting Palestinian symbols, and charitable donation matching to Palestinian causes has been restricted.⁷ This internal culture creates a permissive environment for military contracting. Unlike at Google, where ethical review boards or employee walkouts might delay a lethal integration like Fire Weaver, at Oracle, such projects are fast-tracked by executive mandate. The suppression of dissent removes the internal checks and balances that might otherwise flag human rights risks.

7.3 Lobbying and US-Israel Defense Ties

Oracle utilizes its position in the US defense sector (holding major contracts like JWCC) to facilitate US-Israel interoperability. By standardizing both the US Pentagon and the Israeli IDF on OCI (specifically via the Fire Weaver partnership), Oracle technically enforces the “special relationship,” making it difficult for the US to decouple from Israeli military operations even if political winds shift. The interoperability provided by a shared cloud infrastructure creates a “technical lock-in” for diplomatic and military alliance.

7.4 Fiduciary Risk of Ideology

The audit identifies a fiduciary risk in this ideological commitment. By tethering the company so closely to the policies of a specific government engaged in controversial military actions, Oracle leadership exposes shareholders to reputational damage, boycott risks, and potential legal liability under emerging human rights due diligence laws in Europe. The decision to build a massive bunker in a conflict zone (Jerusalem) is an investment decision driven as much by ideology as by economics, potentially misallocating capital to assets that are high-value military targets.

8. Digital Complicity Score (DCS) Methodology and Findings

Based on the evidence gathered, we apply the Digital Complicity Matrix (DCM). This framework evaluates tech companies on four dimensions: Infrastructure, Operations, Data, and Governance.

8.1 The Scoring Matrix

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