Oracle Economic Audit

1. Executive Summary

This forensic audit report constitutes an exhaustive examination of the economic footprint, operational activities, and strategic integration of Oracle Corporation within the State of Israel. The objective of this dossier is to map the extent of “Economic Complicity” regarding the occupation of Palestinian territories, the sustenance of illegal settlement enterprises, and the facilitation of military operations, specifically in the context of the ongoing conflict in Gaza and the West Bank.

The investigation synthesizes financial data, public tender records, supply chain logistics, corporate strategy documents, and technical architectural analysis to establish the depth of Oracle’s integration into the Israeli military-industrial complex and the bureaucratic apparatus of the occupation. The findings indicate that Oracle Corporation is not merely a passive commercial vendor of off-the-shelf software; rather, it functions as a strategic architect of the digital infrastructure that underpins the Israeli state’s ability to project power, control populations, and manage the logistics of warfare.

Our forensic analysis identifies a condition of “Sustained Strategic Integration.” This state extends beyond transactional commerce. Oracle has physically embedded itself into the territory through the construction of hardened infrastructure—specifically a subterranean data center in Jerusalem designed to withstand missile strikes—thereby aligning its corporate asset preservation with the military defense of the state. Furthermore, the corporation’s technology serves as the “nervous system” for critical state functions: from the “Rotem” database that enforces the permit regime against Palestinians to the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems that manage the budget and procurement of the Israeli Air Force (IAF).

Key Forensic Findings:

• Infrastructure of Control: Oracle provides the core database engine for the Population and Immigration Authority’s “Rotem” system. This system is the digital backbone of the occupation’s bureaucracy, storing biometric and demographic data on Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza. It is the technical mechanism through which freedom of movement is restricted, permits are adjudicated, and the population registry is maintained.¹
• The “Kill Chain” Logistics: The audit documents a decades-long monopoly on the logistical software of the Israeli Ministry of Defense (IMOD). Oracle systems manage the procurement, maintenance, and budgeting for the IDF, including the Air Force and Navy. Recent integrations with Palantir Technologies on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) suggest a direct role in the “kill chain,” providing the computational substrate for AI-driven targeting systems used in Gaza.³
• Sovereign Resilience: Oracle’s construction of a “Sovereign Cloud” region, housed in a nuclear-grade underground bunker in Jerusalem, provides the Israeli government with “digital continuity” during wartime. This asset is contractually and architecturally designed to ensure that the state’s data remains operational even under catastrophic kinetic attack, effectively insuring the state’s survival capability.⁵
• Settlement Linkages: The investigation confirms that Oracle infrastructure services the Israeli Civil Administration (ICA) in the West Bank. Specifically, Oracle servers host the systems used to monitor “illegal construction” in Area C—a euphemism for the surveillance and subsequent demolition of Palestinian homes. These services are consumed by ICA units operating out of the illegal settlement of Beit El.⁸
• Strategic Ideology: Unlike firms driven solely by market forces, Oracle’s engagement is heavily influenced by the ideological posture of its leadership. CEO Safra Catz and Chairman Larry Ellison have articulated an explicit commitment to the State of Israel that transcends fiduciary logic, evidenced by over $110 billion in global acquisitions that frequently target Israeli defense-adjacent startups, thereby acting as a vehicle for the “civilianization” and monetization of military-grade technology.¹⁰

This report details these findings through a rigorous forensic examination of the aggregator nexus, importer status, settlement linkages, and investment flows.

2. Methodology and Scope of Forensic Inquiry

To determine the level of “Economic Complicity,” this audit utilizes a multi-layered forensic approach that moves beyond simple contract identification to analyze the functional role of the technology provided. We differentiate between “Generic Commercial Use” (e.g., selling Microsoft Word to a hospital) and “Specific Operational Utility” (e.g., customizing a database for border control).

2.1 The Definition of Economic Complicity

In the context of this audit, complicity is defined not just by the legality of the transaction under domestic law, but by the material contribution of the vendor to systems that violate International Humanitarian Law (IHL) or facilitate human rights abuses. We assess complicity through three pillars:

1. Direct Contribution: Does the technology directly enable a violation (e.g., surveillance of protected persons)?
2. Knowledge and Intent: Is the vendor aware of the end-use, and have they customized the product for this purpose?
3. Sustained Benefit: Does the vendor derive strategic value (revenue, IP, R&D) from the environment of conflict?

2.2 Scope of Intelligence

The audit covers the following domains:

• Corporate Entity Mapping: Identifying the legal vehicles through which Oracle operates in Israel.
• Supply Chain Analysis: Tracing the flow of hardware and software licenses from global manufacturing hubs to Israeli end-users.
• Technical Architecture Review: Analyzing the specific capabilities of Oracle products (e.g., Exadata, Ravello, BlueKai) and their application in the Israeli theater.
• Financial Flow Analysis: Estimating the value of contracts and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI).

The evidentiary basis for this report includes public tenders, corporate press releases, leaked internal documents, technical manuals, and third-party security audits. All claims are substantiated by specific source identifiers referenced in the text.

3. Corporate Structure and The Importer Status

To understand the mechanics of Oracle’s complicity, one must first map the corporate entities through which capital, technology, and services flow into the region. Oracle does not operate in Israel solely through remote export; it maintains a substantial physical and legal presence that acts as the conduit for its operations. This local presence is crucial for avoiding international sanctions or export controls that might apply to cross-border transactions, effectively “indigenizing” the technology.

3.1 Subsidiary Network and Legal Entities

Oracle operates primarily through Oracle Israel Ltd., a fully owned subsidiary headquartered in Petah Tikva. This entity acts as the primary contracting vehicle for government and military tenders and serves as the central node for the corporation’s activities in the region. However, the corporate web is more complex, involving several specialized subsidiaries resulting from aggressive acquisitions.

Forensic Entity Table:

3.2 Importer of Record and Hardware Logistics

A critical component of the “Aggregator Nexus” is the physical movement of high-performance computing hardware into the country. Our audit reveals that Oracle Israel Ltd. serves as the Importer of Record for dual-use hardware entering the country. This is not a trivial administrative detail; it places the legal liability for end-use certification directly on the local subsidiary.

The hardware in question includes Oracle Exadata Database Machines and Oracle Cloud Customer racks. These are not standard servers; they are engineered systems designed for massive transaction processing and data warehousing.¹³

• Logistics Flow: The hardware is typically manufactured in Oracle’s global supply chain nodes (often assembled in the US or Ireland) and shipped to Israel.
• End-Use: Once imported, these machines are deployed to server farms. Crucially, the “Cloud at Customer” model involves Oracle shipping a physical cloud rack to a client’s own data center (e.g., inside a military base or government facility) while managing it remotely. This allows the IMOD to utilize Oracle’s cloud capabilities while keeping data behind a physical security perimeter.
• Contractual Implications: The service agreements explicitly reference “Hardware-related Service Offerings” and “Oracle Hardware Warranty,” confirming that Oracle retains ownership and maintenance responsibilities for this physical infrastructure even when it is deployed within sensitive Israeli facilities.¹³ This creates a continuous physical supply chain link between Oracle’s global logistics and the IDF’s data centers.

4. The Infrastructure of “Sovereign” Power: Project Nimbus and The Bunker

The nature of cloud computing usually implies a decentralization of data. However, the Israeli government’s requirements for Project Nimbus—the massive tender to migrate government and defense IT to the cloud—demanded the opposite: the re-territorialization of data. Oracle’s response to this requirement demonstrates its willingness to build bespoke infrastructure to secure the state’s operations against existential threats.

4.1 The Jerusalem Underground Data Center

While Google and Amazon won the primary Project Nimbus tender, Oracle pivoted to independently construct a facility that rivals the Nimbus specifications in security and strategic importance. In October 2021, Oracle unveiled its first “Sovereign Cloud” region in Jerusalem.⁵

Forensic Detail of the Asset:

• Location: The facility is situated in the Har Hotzvim industrial park in Jerusalem.
• Hardening: The data center is constructed nine floors underground at a depth of 50 meters.
• Threat Model: It is explicitly designed to withstand “missiles, rockets, and car bombs”.⁵
• Strategic Purpose: Unlike standard commercial data centers designed for efficiency or cooling, this facility is a digital bunker. Its primary value proposition to the Israeli state is “business continuity” during total war. CEO Safra Catz stated that the facility ensures Israel’s cloud is secure “within Israel’s borders under strict security guidelines” and aims to prevent “jeopardizing business survival”.⁶

Implication of Complicity:

By constructing a facility hardened against acts of war, Oracle has effectively insured the Israeli state against the disruption of its digital nervous system. In a conflict scenario where standard infrastructure might be targeted or damaged, Oracle’s bunker ensures that the government’s logistical, financial, and administrative systems remain operational. This is a direct contribution to the state’s resilience and war-fighting capability. The capital expenditure (CAPEX) for this facility, estimated at ~$320 million (NIS 1.2 billion), represents a massive “sunk cost” that binds Oracle financially to the physical security of Jerusalem.7

4.2 Data Residency and the Myth of Sovereignty

The concept of “Sovereignty” in Oracle’s cloud offering is politically charged. The “Sovereign Cloud” guarantees that data will not leave the borders of Israel and will be accessible only to authorized personnel.

• Jurisdictional Expansion: By hosting the data of the Population Registry (discussed in Section 7) and the Civil Administration (Section 8) on these “sovereign” servers, Oracle assists the Israeli state in treating the data of occupied Palestinians as domestic data. This effectively extends Israeli digital sovereignty over the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT).
• The “Air-Gap” Capability: Oracle’s offering includes “air-gapped” regions—networks physically disconnected from the public internet.⁴ This capability is almost exclusively required for classified military and intelligence workloads (Top Secret/SCI). The provision of air-gapped cloud infrastructure confirms Oracle’s role in hosting the most sensitive state secrets, likely including intelligence derived from the surveillance of the Palestinian population.

5. The Aggregator Nexus: Defense Logistics and The Kill Chain

While public discourse often focuses on “Artificial Intelligence” and lethal autonomous weapons, the backbone of any modern military is logistics. An army that cannot pay its soldiers, procure fuel, or track munition inventories cannot fight. Oracle is the undisputed architect of the IDF’s logistical backbone.

5.1 The Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Monopoly

Oracle Israel maintains a decades-long strategic partnership with the Israeli Ministry of Defense (IMOD) for the provision of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. These are not peripheral systems; they are the central nervous system of the military’s administration.

• Contract History: The relationship dates back to at least 2001, when Oracle won a tender worth over NIS 100 million to implement Oracle Applications across the Air Force, Ministry of Defense, and Ground Forces.⁸ This was described as the largest tender of its kind at the time.
• Scope of Operations:
  • Israeli Air Force (IAF): Oracle systems manage the “budget, procurement, and maintenance” for the IAF.¹⁵ Every spare part for an F-35 or F-16, every liter of jet fuel, and the maintenance schedules for the fleet are tracked and managed on Oracle databases.
  • Ground Forces: Similar systems manage the logistics for the infantry and armored corps, tracking the deployment of tanks, APCs, and ammunition.¹⁵
  • Human Resources: The IMOD’s personnel management and payroll systems run on Oracle. This means the salaries of soldiers and reservists active in Gaza are processed through Oracle software.

Forensic Insight – Vendor Lock-In:

The reliance on Oracle ERP creates a condition of “Vendor Lock-in.” Migrating an organization the size of the IDF off Oracle would take years and cost hundreds of millions. This dependency makes Oracle a critical node in the military supply chain. The “maintenance and support” contracts associated with these systems ensure a steady flow of taxpayer money from the Israeli defense budget to Oracle, creating a financial feedback loop that sustains the occupation economy.3

5.2 The “Palantir” Stack and Kinetic Operations

Recent developments have moved Oracle from the back-office of logistics to the front-lines of targeting. In 2024, Oracle and Palantir Technologies announced a strategic partnership to certify Palantir’s AI platforms (Gotham and Foundry) on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI).⁴

• The Integration: Palantir’s Gotham platform is the operating system used by the IDF and Shin Bet for intelligence analysis and target generation. It aggregates data from SIGINT, visual sensors, and human intelligence to build “target decks.”
• The Infrastructure Role: Palantir does not own data centers; it is a software layer. It requires massive computing power to run its AI models. The strategic alliance means that Oracle provides the “hardware substrate”—the Exadata processors and GPU clusters—upon which Palantir’s algorithms run.
• The “Kill Chain”: In the context of the Gaza war, where the IDF uses AI systems (like “The Gospel” or “Lavender”) to generate targets at high speed, the computational load is borne by the cloud infrastructure. If Palantir is the software identifying the target, Oracle is the hardware processing the decision. This places Oracle directly in the “kill chain” of kinetic operations. The “air-gapped” regions mentioned in Oracle’s defense portfolio are the likely hosts for these classified operational systems.⁴

6. The Intelligence Nexus: Mamram and Unit 8200

Oracle’s collaboration extends deep into the elite technological units of the IDF: the Center of Computing and Information Systems (Mamram) and Unit 8200 (SIGINT).

6.1 Mamram’s “Operational Cloud”

Mamram is the IDF’s internal cloud provider. While early versions were built on Red Hat, Oracle serves as a key provider of the database infrastructure that underpins these systems.

• The “Weapons Platform”: IDF commanders have described their internal cloud as a “weapons platform” used for marking targets and viewing live footage from UAVs (drones) over Gaza.¹⁸
• Oracle’s Role: Database latency is critical for real-time drone feeds and targeting. Oracle’s Exadata machines are specifically marketed and designed for this high-throughput, low-latency environment. By supplying these high-performance databases to Mamram, Oracle enables the real-time data fusion required for modern drone warfare.³

6.2 The “Revolving Door” of R&D

The relationship between Oracle and Unit 8200 is bi-directional. Oracle acquires technology developed by unit veterans, and the unit utilizes Oracle technology.

• Acquisition as Tech Transfer: Oracle has spent significant capital acquiring Israeli startups founded by Unit 8200 alumni.
  • Ravello Systems: Acquired for ~$500 million. Ravello’s technology allows for “encapsulated virtualization,” enabling legacy applications to run on the cloud without modification.²⁰ This is militarily significant because the IDF possesses thousands of legacy mission-critical applications that cannot be easily rewritten. Ravello provides the “bridge” to move these legacy war-fighting apps onto the modern cloud.²¹
  • Crosswise: Acquired for ~$50 million. Specializes in cross-device identification (tracking users across phones, PCs, tablets). This technology is now part of the Oracle Data Cloud but has clear dual-use applications for surveillance and population monitoring.²²
• Personnel: Oracle’s R&D centers in Petah Tikva and Beersheba employ approximately 400-500 engineers, many of whom are drawn from the defense sector. This “revolving door” ensures that Oracle’s product development in Israel is tightly aligned with the operational needs of the intelligence community.⁷

7. The Bureaucracy of Apartheid (I): The Rotem System and PIBA

One of the most damning findings of this audit is Oracle’s role in the Population and Immigration Authority (PIBA). This agency manages the Population Registry, which is the central database used to implement the demographic engineering and control policies often described by human rights organizations as apartheid.

7.1 The Rotem System

The Rotem system is the central database for border control and population management in Israel and the Occupied Territories.

• Function: It stores the biometric data, demographic details, and movement history of all Israeli citizens and, crucially, Palestinian residents of the West Bank and Gaza.
• The Database Engine: Oracle is the “sole supplier” for the licensing of the database software underpinning Rotem. PIBA has purchased over 380 Oracle licenses specifically for this division. The system relies on Oracle Database Enterprise Edition with Real Application Clusters (RAC) to handle the high concurrency of thousands of queries per second coming from checkpoints and border crossings.¹
• Operational Use: The system is deployed at 25 border crossings, including the Allenby Bridge (the only exit for West Bank Palestinians to Jordan) and the various checkpoints that fragment the West Bank. When a Palestinian presents their ID at a turnstile, the “Pass/Fail” decision is generated by querying an Oracle database.

7.2 The Architecture of Discrimination

The Rotem system does not operate in a vacuum; it interfaces with the Eitan (formerly Aviv) system, which contains the “eligibility” rules for permits.

• The Permit Regime: A Palestinian in the West Bank cannot travel, work in Israel, or access medical services in East Jerusalem without a permit. The adjudication of these permits is an algorithmic process based on data stored in Oracle databases.
• Vulnerabilities and Privacy: Security audits, such as one performed by researcher Noam Rotem, have exposed flaws in these systems (specifically regarding El Al bookings interfacing with Amadeus), revealing how deeply integrated the passenger name records (PNR) and personal data are within Oracle-supported databases. The vulnerability allowed unauthorized access to PNRs, highlighting that the sensitive data of Palestinians is potentially exposed due to the architecture of these systems.²⁴
• Conclusion: Oracle provides the digital mechanism that enforces the restriction of movement based on ethno-national classification.

8. The Bureaucracy of Apartheid (II): Settlements and Land

The audit investigated direct and indirect economic linkages to illegal Israeli settlements in the West Bank and East Jerusalem. The findings confirm that Oracle is a service provider to the settler enterprise.

8.1 Facilitating Home Demolitions

The Civil Administration (ICA) is the governing body of the occupation in Area C of the West Bank. It is responsible for zoning, planning, and enforcement—which primarily involves the demolition of Palestinian structures deemed “illegal” while facilitating the expansion of Jewish settlements.

• The Monitoring System: Oracle Israel provides servers for a specific system used by the Civil Administration to monitor and identify “illegal construction” in the West Bank. This system likely utilizes aerial imagery and GIS data to detect new Palestinian structures.¹
• The Process:
  1. Surveillance drones/planes capture imagery.
  2. Oracle-hosted software analyzes the imagery to flag changes.
  3. Inspectors issue demolition orders based on this data.
  4. The structure is demolished.
• Settlement Linkage: The servers and software are utilized by ICA personnel who operate out of their headquarters in Beit El, a settlement deep in the West Bank. By providing, maintaining, and licensing equipment that is physically located and operated within an illegal settlement, Oracle is directly participating in the settlement economy.⁸

8.2 Municipal Services in East Jerusalem

Oracle ERP and database systems are the standard for municipal governance in Israel. This includes the Jerusalem Municipality.

• Unified Service: The Jerusalem Municipality provides services to settlements in East Jerusalem (e.g., Pisgat Ze’ev, Har Homa, Gilo) as if they were integral parts of the city.
• Complicity: By providing the municipal management software (tax collection, utilities, zoning), Oracle facilitates the administration of these settlements and the collection of taxes from them. The data centers processing this information are legally and technically servicing illegal entities under international law.

9. Surveillance Capitalism: Oracle Data Cloud and Crosswise

Oracle’s acquisition of Crosswise in 2016 for ~$50 million introduced a new dimension of complicity: mass surveillance via commercial data aggregation.²²

9.1 The Crosswise Technology

Crosswise specializes in Cross-Device Identification (XDID). Its algorithm uses probabilistic modeling to link a user’s various devices (smartphone, laptop, tablet, smart TV) into a single “Identity Graph.”

• Commercial Use: Marketers use this to track a user who sees an ad on their phone and buys the product on their laptop.
• Dual-Use / Intelligence: In an intelligence context, XDID is the “Holy Grail” of surveillance. It allows security services to link a burner phone to a known laptop, or to track the movement of a person across different digital footprints.
• Integration: Crosswise was integrated into the Oracle Data Cloud (now Oracle Advertising). This massive data aggregator boasts of having data on “billions of unique devices” and “5 billion consumers”.²²

9.2 The “BlueKai” Risk

Oracle’s BlueKai data management platform tracks user behavior across the web to build psychographic profiles.

• Surveillance Nexus: While nominally for advertising, the granular location and behavioral data held by Oracle is of immense value to state intelligence agencies. Given the close cooperation between Oracle and the Israeli defense establishment, there is a high risk that this commercial data (or the technology to process it) is accessible to or shared with Israeli intelligence services for the purpose of population monitoring. The “revolving door” of Unit 8200 veterans working in Oracle’s data division increases the probability of this “data fusion” between commercial and military spheres.

10. Strategic Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

Oracle’s financial relationship with Israel is characterized by significant Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) that strengthens the Israeli tech sector and, by extension, the economy that funds the military.

10.1 Capital Injection and Acquisitions

Over the last decade, Oracle has injected over $1 billion into the Israeli economy through acquisitions and infrastructure projects.

• Ravello Systems: ~$500 million (2016).
• Crosswise: ~$50 million (2016).
• Demantra: ~$40 million (2006).
• Jerusalem Data Center: ~$320 million (2021).
• R&D Centers: Recurring operational costs for hundreds of high-salary engineers.

10.2 The “Tech-Wash” Mechanism

These investments function as a mechanism for “civilianizing” military technology.

• The Cycle:
  1. The IDF (Unit 8200/Mamram) trains young conscripts in advanced cyber-warfare and data processing.
  2. These veterans discharge and found startups (e.g., Ravello, Crosswise) utilizing the skills and concepts developed in the military.
  3. Oracle acquires these startups for hundreds of millions of dollars.
  4. Result: The Israeli military-industrial complex is validated and funded. The “exit” culture incentivizes the best minds to develop dual-use technologies that serve the military first and the market second. Oracle acts as a primary patron of this ecosystem.

10.3 Tax Structures

Oracle utilizes these R&D centers for tax optimization. By booking the Intellectual Property (IP) developed in Israel to the local subsidiary (or transferring it to a low-tax jurisdiction like Ireland while paying royalties), Oracle benefits from Israel’s favorable tax regime for tech companies (often paying reduced corporate tax rates). This mutual financial benefit incentivizes the Israeli government to maintain policies that favor big tech, often at the expense of privacy or human rights regulations.

11. Leadership, Ideology, and Governance

A forensic audit of Oracle cannot ignore the “tone at the top.” Unlike many multinational corporations that attempt to maintain a veneer of neutrality, Oracle’s leadership has demonstrated explicit, active, and ideological support for the Israeli state and its military actions.

11.1 The Larry Ellison Factor

Oracle Chairman and CTO Larry Ellison is a staunch supporter of Israel.

• Donations: Ellison is a major donor to the Friends of the IDF (FIDF), a US-based non-profit that raises funds for Israeli soldiers.
• Legal Action: Ellison was named in a lawsuit accusing him and others of funding settlement activities and war crimes, though the case was dismissed. The lawsuit alleged that funds were directed towards violent settlement activities in the Occupied Palestinian Territories.²⁶
• Political Alignment: Ellison’s close ties to Benjamin Netanyahu (who has vacationed on Ellison’s private Hawaiian island) and his alignment with the right-wing political spectrum in both the US and Israel influence the company’s strategic posture.¹⁰

11.2 Safra Catz: The Ideological CEO

CEO Safra Catz, an Israeli-American, has been even more explicit in her support.

• Public Statements: Catz has stated that Oracle’s “commitment to Israel is second to none.”
• Wartime Support: Following the October 7 attacks, Catz visited Israel, met with the Prime Minister and Minister of Defense, and affirmed Oracle’s support for the war effort. She explicitly stated, “We are on the side of freedom… Some of the best people in the world are here in Israel”.¹⁰
• Internal Governance: Reports indicate that Oracle has suppressed pro-Palestinian dissent among its employees. Catz is quoted as telling employees, “If you don’t agree with our mission to support the State of Israel, then maybe we aren’t the right company for them”.¹⁰ This creates a corporate culture that actively marginalizes human rights concerns and creates a hostile environment for employees who might raise ethical flags regarding the company’s complicity.

12. The “Day After” Scenario: Privatizing the Occupation

Recent intelligence suggests a disturbing trend where the Oracle-Palantir alliance is positioning itself for the “day after” in Gaza.

12.1 The Ellison-Thiel Technological Axis

Analysts have identified a convergence between Larry Ellison (Oracle) and Peter Thiel (Palantir) to create a “vertically integrated defense-technology stack.”

• The Vision: The leak of a “Gaza International Transitional Authority” draft suggests a plan for a technocratic administration of Gaza post-war.
• The Systems: This administration would rely on a “unified civil registry,” “centralized border and customs management,” and “biometric identity platforms.”
• The Incumbents: Given that Oracle already runs the Israeli population registry (Rotem) and border control systems, and Palantir runs the intelligence targeting, they are the prime candidates to build this system.
• The Risk: This risks privatizing the occupation, replacing military administration with a digital panopticon run by US corporations. This “Gaza Peace Tech” would essentially be an extension of the current matrix of control, but with a veneer of corporate efficiency.⁴

13. Comparative Analysis: Oracle vs. The Hyperscalers

To contextualize Oracle’s position, it is useful to compare it with other “Big Tech” players in the region (Google, Amazon, Microsoft).

Insight: While Google and Amazon face significant employee backlash (“No Tech for Apartheid”) for Project Nimbus, Oracle operates with less public scrutiny but arguably deeper operational complicity. Its systems are more fundamental to the mechanics of the occupation (borders, permits, logistics) than the AI research workloads often associated with Google.

14. Legal and Fiduciary Risk Assessment

14.1 International Humanitarian Law (IHL) Risks

The provision of technology that is “substantially used” to commit violations of IHL can create liability for corporate officers under the principle of “aiding and abetting.”

• Apartheid: The customization of the “Rotem” system for the specific purpose of managing a discriminatory permit regime could be construed as assisting in the crime of apartheid (as defined by the Rome Statute).
• Pillage/Settlements: Providing infrastructure to the Civil Administration in Beit El constitutes providing services to an illegal settlement. This violates the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and exposes the company to litigation in jurisdictions that recognize universal jurisdiction.

14.2 Supply Chain Contamination

Global clients of Oracle (banks, healthcare providers, governments) should be aware that the technology they use (e.g., Oracle Cloud, Exadata) is developed and tested in an environment deeply integrated with the Israeli military.

• ESG Risk: For clients with strict Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) mandates, Oracle represents a high-risk vendor. The revenue generated from the Israeli military directly cross-subsidizes the R&D of products sold globally.
• Data Sovereignty Risk: The close relationship between Oracle and Israeli intelligence (Unit 8200) raises questions about the integrity of Oracle’s systems against state-sponsored espionage.

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