This forensic audit report has been commissioned to rigorously evaluate the operational, material, and ideological support provided by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. (“Huawei”) to the State of Israel, specifically focusing on its intersection with the Israeli Ministry of Defense (IMOD), the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), and the settlement enterprise in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT). As a Defense Logistics Analyst, the mandate is to look beyond superficial commercial transactional data and identify the structural dependencies and supply chain integrations that constitute “meaningful complicity.”
The contemporary warfare environment is not defined solely by kinetic weaponry. It is sustained by logistical backbones: energy resilience, cloud computing infrastructure, high-performance algorithmic processing, and surveillance architectures. This audit operates on the premise that a vendor providing the power systems for a munitions factory or the algorithmic logic for a surveillance database is as integral to the military operation as the manufacturer of the munition itself.
The investigation targets Huawei’s operations through its local ecosystem: its wholly-owned R&D subsidiary Toga Networks, its renewable energy joint venture Zing Energy (partnered with defense contractor El-Mor Electric), and its integration into Israeli academic and municipal infrastructures.
The central finding of this audit is that Huawei’s involvement in the Israeli defense and occupation apparatus is characterized by a strategy of “Bifurcated Containment.” While the United States has successfully pressured Israel to exclude Huawei from the “front-end” of the 5G telecommunications network due to espionage concerns 1, Huawei has successfully pivoted to the “invisible infrastructure” of the occupation: Energy and Algorithms.
Excluded from the antennas on the roof, Huawei has moved to the basement (servers/cloud via Toga) and the power grid (inverters via Zing Energy). This shift has allowed the company to embed itself deeply into the logistical sustainment of military zones (e.g., Ramat Beka) and illegal settlements (e.g., Ma’ale Adumim) without attracting the same level of diplomatic scrutiny as the 5G debates.
This report will detail how Huawei acts as a Force Multiplier for the Israeli occupation through three primary vectors:
This audit adheres to the Core Intelligence Requirements outlined in the directive:
The following analysis is evidentiary, citing specific project tenders, corporate filings, and operational footprints to build a comprehensive picture of complicity. No arbitrary scores are assigned; rather, the weight of evidence is presented to facilitate future risk categorization.
In the realm of global defense logistics, major multinational corporations rarely sign direct contracts for lethal aid if they wish to maintain a civilian market profile. Huawei, aware of its sensitive geopolitical position vis-à-vis the United States and the “Entity List,” does not appear as a direct signatory on procurement orders for the Israeli Ministry of Defense (IMOD) for kinetic weapons systems. However, a forensic analysis of the supply chain reveals a robust Proxy-Intermediary Model that effectively bypasses these optical limitations.
The primary vehicle for Huawei’s integration into the Israeli defense sector is El-Mor Electric Installation & Services Ltd. (and its subsidiary El-Mor Renewable Energy).
To understand Huawei’s defense complicity, one must first profile its operational partner. El-Mor Electric is not merely a civilian electrical contractor; it is a certified, cleared supplier for the Israeli security establishment.
El-Mor’s Defense Credentials:
The Huawei-El-Mor Nexus:
Huawei entered the Israeli energy market by establishing a joint venture, Zing Energy, which is owned 50% by El-Mor Electric and 50% by IEA Energy.10 Zing Energy serves as the exclusive representative and importer of Huawei’s solar technology in Israel.
Operational implication:
This corporate structure creates a direct logical syllogism of complicity:
The legal separation between Huawei and the IMOD is pierced by the operational reality of the Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) process. As the EPC contractor, El-Mor chooses the supply chain. By locking El-Mor into an exclusivity agreement 13, Huawei guarantees that its equipment is deployed whenever El-Mor wins a defense contract involving renewable energy.
The operational environment in Israel is heavily influenced by SIBAT, the International Defense Cooperation Directorate of the IMOD.14 SIBAT’s mission is to export Israeli defense technology, creating a $13+ billion annual export economy.15
This export-driven ecosystem creates a reciprocal pressure on foreign technology vendors. To operate successfully in Israel, particularly in high-stakes infrastructure, foreign firms often need to demonstrate their utility to the local defense-industrial base. Huawei’s deep investment in Israel—hiring hundreds of ex-military engineers at Toga Networks and partnering with major defense contractors like El-Mor—aligns with the IMOD’s strategic interest in maintaining a robust flow of dual-use technology.
While SIBAT focuses on outbound sales (G2G, B2G), the infrastructure supporting the industries that produce these exports (e.g., the factories of Elbit Systems or IAI) requires inbound technology. Huawei’s role in powering the Ramat Beka industrial zone (discussed in Section 4) places it directly in the upstream supply chain of SIBAT’s export success. Without the energy infrastructure provided by Huawei/El-Mor, the production facilities for the missiles and drones exported by SIBAT would face logistical bottlenecks.
The Israeli military has launched a strategic initiative to transition its bases from diesel generators to solar energy.16 This is not merely an environmental move; it is a tactical logistics decision to ensure energy independence and reduce the fuel convoy requirements during conflict.
Huawei’s Role in Tactical Energy:
Huawei’s entry into the Israeli market coincided with this shift. By offering “String Inverters” 10—which are decentralized and arguably more resilient to single-point failure than central inverters—Huawei provided a technology specifically suited to the distributed nature of military base energy grids.
While the transfer of physical goods is the traditional metric of military support, the transfer of intellectual capital and algorithmic capability is far more significant in 21st-century warfare. Huawei’s activities in Israel are centered on the extraction and refinement of military-grade intellectual property (IP).
Huawei operates a wholly-owned subsidiary in Israel called Toga Networks, with offices in Hod Hasharon and Haifa.4 Acquired in 2016, Toga employs approximately 500 engineers. The forensic significance of Toga Networks lies in its recruitment strategy.
The “8200 Pipeline”:
Israel’s Unit 8200 is the IDF’s premier signals intelligence (SIGINT) and cyber warfare unit, comparable to the US NSA.18 Veterans of Unit 8200 are highly trained in:
Huawei’s Recruitment Strategy:
Toga Networks actively headhunts from this pool of veterans. This is not incidental; it is a core business strategy known as the “8200-to-tech pipeline”.20 By hiring these individuals, Huawei is effectively performing Technology Transfer from the Israeli military to the Chinese defense-industrial complex (given Huawei’s own links to the PLA and the Chinese state 21).
The Mechanism of Complicity:
The specific research areas of Toga Networks confirm the dual-use nature of its output.
Toga’s teams work on “video to text generators” and “smart cameras”.23 In a civilian context, this is for organizing photo albums. In a security context, this is the core technology behind Mabat 2000, the surveillance dragnet in Jerusalem’s Old City.24 The ability to automatically transcribe video feeds into searchable text data is the “Holy Grail” of automated occupation, allowing for the cataloging of dissent and movement without human operators.
Surveillance requires massive storage. Toga’s “Intelligent Cloud” and “Storage” divisions 4 build the architecture that supports data lakes. The IDF’s transition to AI-driven warfare (as seen in the “Lavender” and “Gospel” targeting systems used in Gaza) relies on this exact type of high-throughput cloud infrastructure.26 While the IDF uses Amazon/Google for its “Nimbus” cloud 28, the development of competitive storage technologies by Toga ensures that the local talent pool remains sharp and focused on military-grade data problems.
Toga develops “AI-based threat response”.22 In the cyber domain, defense often requires deep knowledge of offense. Toga organizes “Hacktivity” events 25 where participants simulate attacks. This sustains a militarized cyber culture within the company, aligning its corporate ethos with the operational realities of the IDF’s cyber units.
Huawei has entrenched itself in the Israeli academic military-industrial complex.
The Strategic Implication:
By funding research at these specific institutions, Huawei is subsidizing the laboratories that produce Israel’s military technology. This is a form of Indirect Material Support. Furthermore, it allows Huawei to access early-stage research that may have military applications before it is classified, effectively using the universities as a cutout to access Israeli defense innovation.
A critical finding is the discrepancy between US sanctions and Toga’s operations.
The most direct evidence of Huawei’s logistical complicity is found in the Ramat Beka Special Military Industrial Zone. This section details how Huawei technology is powering the expansion of Israel’s lethal capabilities.
Ramat Beka is a massive military zone in the Naqab (Negev), spanning over 112,000 dunams.2 It was designated to house the relocated facilities of IMI Systems (now owned by Elbit Systems), Israel’s primary manufacturer of heavy munitions, cluster bombs, and artillery shells.33
To sustain this massive industrial complex, energy independence is required. A 300MW Solar (PV) and 1.5GWh Energy Storage System (BESS) project is being constructed at the site.3
The supply chain for this project is irrefutably linked to Huawei:
Material Support Assessment:
Huawei is providing the “heart and brain” of the power grid for Israel’s most sensitive munitions production facility. Without these inverters, the solar field serves no function.
The Huawei FusionSolar solution used in such projects includes the “Smart PV Management System”.35 This is a cloud-connected platform that optimizes energy yield.
Beyond the military, Huawei plays a critical role in the economic and infrastructural viability of illegal settlements in the Occupied West Bank. This process is termed “Energy Annexation”.36
The Israeli government actively promotes the development of solar fields in the West Bank to:
The audit has identified a systemic deployment of Huawei technology across the settlement landscape.
The July 2023 Tender:
In July 2023, El-Mor (Huawei’s partner) was one of five companies awarded a massive tender by 19 settlement authorities to construct PV installations on rooftops and public areas.6
Specific Locations of Complicity:
While Huawei equipment powers the settlements, Palestinian communities in Area C are systematically denied permits for solar panels. When Palestinians build solar arrays (often with EU funding), they are frequently issued demolition orders by the Israeli Civil Administration.39
Solar infrastructure has a lifespan of 20-25 years. The installation of Huawei inverters represents a long-term capital investment in the permanence of the settlements. Unlike a consumable good, this infrastructure is designed to remain in the West Bank until 2045 or beyond, structurally binding the territory to the Israeli energy grid.
The intersection of Huawei’s “Safe City” product line and Israel’s “Smart City” initiatives presents a vector for high-tech surveillance complicity.
Mabat 2000 is the surveillance system covering the Old City of Jerusalem. It involves cameras every five meters, facial recognition, and constant monitoring.20
The IDF uses Red Wolf (facial recognition at checkpoints) and Blue Wolf (a database of Palestinian faces on soldiers’ phones) to track the population.43
Huawei reportedly controls 56% of the world market in string inverters.10 In Israel, through Zing Energy, they have captured a dominant market share.
Huawei is not a passive player; it actively enforces its dominance. The settlement of patent lawsuits between Huawei and SolarEdge (an Israeli company) 45 indicates that Huawei is aggressively protecting its market position in Israel.
The discrepancy between the US placement of Huawei on the Entity List (May 2019) and the delayed inclusion of Toga Networks (August 2020) reveals a significant regulatory failure.4
Israel signed onto the US “Clean Network” initiative regarding 5G to protect data privacy. However, allowing Huawei to run the power grid (Ramat Beka) and the surveillance R&D (Toga) exposes a hypocrisy:
This section compiles the raw data required to rank Huawei on the requested scale (None to Upper-Extreme) in future assessments.
| Target Location | Facility Type | Operational Partner | Huawei Technology | Complicity Classification |
| Ramat Beka | Military Industrial Zone (IMOD) | El-Mor Electric / Hithium | PV Inverters, Power Conversion Systems, Smart Management Cloud | Material Sustainment (Direct support of munitions production) |
| Ma’ale Adumim | Illegal Settlement (Municipality) | El-Mor Renewable Energy | Rooftop Solar Inverters | Economic Sustainment (Revenue generation for settlement) |
| Ariel | Illegal Settlement (University/City) | El-Mor Renewable Energy | Commercial Solar Inverters | Normalization (Infrastructure permanence) |
| IDF Bases (General) | Military Installations | El-Mor Electric | String Inverters (Transition to Green Energy) | Tactical Supply (Energy security for bases) |
| Research Division | Source Talent | Developed Technology | Military/Surveillance Application |
| Intelligent Cloud | Unit 8200 / Technion | High-Performance Storage | Database architecture for population registries (Red Wolf). |
| Computer Vision | Unit 8200 / TAU | Video-to-Text, Object Recognition | Mabat 2000 automated surveillance; Checkpoint automation. |
| Cyber Security | Unit 8200 (Offensive Cyber) | AI Threat Response, Network Defense | Protecting the occupation’s digital infrastructure; potential offensive tools. |
| Intermediary | Status | Function | Huawei Link |
| El-Mor Electric | IMOD Certified Contractor | Construction of Classified Bases | Owner of Zing Energy (Huawei Distributor). |
| Zing Energy | Joint Venture | Import/Distribution | Exclusive channel for Huawei energy tech in Israel. |
| Technion | Academic/Military Hub | R&D | Recipient of Huawei research grants and competition sponsorship. |
The forensic audit concludes that Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. is engaged in systemic, material, and meaningful support for the Israeli military and settlement apparatus. This support is not incidental; it is structural.
Huawei represents a High-Impact Logistical Node within the occupation’s supply chain. It provides the Power (Energy) and the Logic (R&D) that sustain the system. While it does not sell the rifle, it powers the factory that makes the bullet and employs the engineer who designs the targeting system.
In a risk ranking assessment, the evidence supports a classification of Meaningful Complicity across all four core intelligence requirements, with Logistical Sustainment and Dual-Use Supply reaching critical levels of integration. The company is not merely a vendor; it is a stakeholder in the physical and digital permanence of the Israeli security state.
