Pret A Manger Political Audit

1. Executive Intelligence Assessment

1.1. Audit Scope and Strategic Context

This Political Risk and Governance Audit provides an exhaustive forensic examination of Pret A Manger’s corporate structure, operational alliances, and geopolitical posturing regarding the State of Israel and the occupation of Palestinian territories. The objective is to isolate and document evidence of material or ideological support for systems of occupation, surveillance, or militarization, thereby enabling a precise classification of the entity’s “Political Complicity.”

The audit period spans primarily from Q4 2022 to Q4 2024, a timeframe capturing the company’s aggressive expansion strategy into the Israeli market, its subsequent withdrawal under the guise of “Force Majeure,” and the broader corporate response to the crises in Ukraine and Gaza. The analysis is grounded in a comparative framework, measuring Pret A Manger’s actions against the “Safe Harbor” test of strict neutrality versus active partisan engagement.

1.2. Summary of Key Indicators

The investigation reveals a complex risk profile. Pret A Manger is not merely a passive commercial actor; it is an entity embedded within a governance structure—JAB Holding Company—that exhibits distinct ideological leanings. While the brand actively markets an ethos of “doing the right thing” and ethical consumption, the audit uncovers significant contradictions in its application of humanitarian principles.

The most salient finding is the existence of a “Failed Commercial Normalization” strategy. Pret A Manger engaged in a high-value, long-term strategic partnership with the Fox Group, a major Israeli conglomerate, intended to normalize the brand’s presence in the Israeli market.¹ The termination of this agreement in 2024 was not driven by ethical divestment but by logistical necessity (“Force Majeure”), and was accompanied by a £3 million compensation payment to the Israeli partner and a contractual “Right of First Refusal” for re-entry before 2027.³

Furthermore, the audit identifies a stark asymmetry in corporate humanitarianism. The company mobilized substantial resources to integrate Ukrainian refugees into its workforce ⁴ while maintaining a rigid silence regarding the humanitarian catastrophe in Gaza, limiting its engagement to legalistic risk mitigation.⁵ This disparity suggests that Pret A Manger’s “neutrality” is selective and geopolitically aligned with Western foreign policy norms rather than universal human rights standards.

1.3. Structural Ideology and Ownership

Pret A Manger is a wholly-owned subsidiary of JAB Holding Company, an investment vehicle controlled by the Reimann family. The audit documents a direct lineage from the family’s historical Nazi complicity to their contemporary philanthropic vehicle, the Alfred Landecker Foundation.⁶ This foundation, while ostensibly dedicated to combating antisemitism, has adopted positions that align closely with Israeli state narratives, declaring “absolute solidarity” with Israel post-October 7 and framing the conflict in civilizational terms.⁸ This creates a structural “Ideological Actor” risk, where commercial profits from Pret A Manger indirectly subsidize a foundation with a distinct Zionist political agenda.

2. Governance Architecture & Ideological Ownership

To understand the political footprint of Pret A Manger, one must look beyond the subsidiary to the controlling interests that dictate capital allocation and strategic vision. Pret is not an autonomous moral agent; it is a portfolio asset of JAB Holding Company.

2.1. JAB Holding Company: The Reimann Family Legacy

JAB Holding Company acquired Pret A Manger in 2018 for approximately £1.5 billion.⁶ The controlling shareholders of JAB are the Reimann family, one of the wealthiest families in Germany. A forensic review of the family’s history reveals a trajectory from direct Nazi collaboration to a specific form of contemporary “atonement” that intersects with Zionist advocacy.

Historical Complicity:

The Reimann family’s wealth originates from the chemical company Joh. A. Benckiser. Historical audits commissioned by the family confirmed that Albert Reimann Sr. and his son, Albert Reimann Jr., were “passionate Nazis” and early supporters of Adolf Hitler.6 During World War II, their factories utilized forced labor, and they were active contributors to the SS.10 This history is not merely incidental; it is the catalyst for the family’s current philanthropic direction.

The Pivot to Zionist Philanthropy:

In response to these revelations, the Reimann family established the Alfred Landecker Foundation in 2019.7 While the stated mission is to commemorate the victims of the Holocaust and fight antisemitism, the foundation’s activities and rhetoric demonstrate a clear political alignment with the State of Israel.

• Political Declarations: following the events of October 7, 2023, the Alfred Landecker Foundation issued a statement of “absolute solidarity” with Israel.⁸ The text of this statement goes beyond humanitarian sympathy, adopting geopolitical language:”Israel has every right to defend itself… Hamas is not only committing abhorrent crimes against Israelis, but also harming the Palestinians… specifically, mercenaries of the Iranian regime.” 8
  This rhetoric aligns with the strategic communication narratives of the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs, framing the conflict as a defense of civilization against “barbarism” and explicitly delegitimizing the opposing political actors.
• Definitional Alignment: The foundation funds research into “online antisemitism” using AI and linguistic analysis.¹¹ A critical risk in this domain is the conflation of anti-Zionism (political critique of the State of Israel) with antisemitism. Projects funded by such foundations often utilize the IHRA definition of antisemitism, which can classify BDS advocacy or descriptions of Israel as an “apartheid state” as hate speech. By funding these initiatives, JAB Holding (and by extension, Pret A Manger’s profits) engages in “Discourse Shaping,” influencing the boundaries of acceptable speech regarding Palestine in the digital sphere.

2.2. Board of Directors and Executive Leadership

The governance of Pret A Manger is executed by a Board of Directors appointed by JAB Holding. The audit screens these individuals for connections to pro-Israel advocacy groups or lobbying networks.

Key Figures and Risk Profiles:

The “British-Israel Chamber of Commerce” Connection:

While current executives are screened for direct membership, historical connections within the Pret ecosystem are relevant. Snippet 23 references a narrative involving Lord Young, who was the Chair of the British Israel Chamber of Commerce (now UK Israel Business). The snippet describes a board interaction where Lord Young asked for resignations. While this is a historical anecdote, it highlights that Pret’s board environment has historically intersected with high-level figures in the British-Zionist trade lobby. The normalization of such figures in the boardroom creates a culture where trade with Israel is viewed as a standard, apolitical imperative.

3. Strategic Commercial Alliances: The Israel Franchise

The most significant indicator of Pret A Manger’s political footprint is its attempt to establish a massive physical presence in Israel. This section audits the lifecycle of the franchise agreement with Fox Group, analyzing it as a case study in “Commercial Normalization.”

3.1. The Normalization Project (2022-2023)

In December 2022 and January 2023, Pret A Manger signed a definitive 10-year master franchise agreement. The scale of this agreement signals that Pret did not view the occupation or the apartheid designation by Amnesty International and HRW as impediments to business.

• The Partners: The agreement was signed with Fox Group (Fox-Wizel Ltd) and Yarzin Sella Group. Fox Group is a dominant Israeli retail conglomerate led by Harel Wiesel.¹ Partnering with Fox Group is a high-level integration into the Israeli economy; Fox is ubiquitous in Israeli shopping malls and commercial centers.
• The Commitment: The deal targeted the opening of 40 stores by 2033, with an initial investment pledge of ILS 36 million ($10 million) from the Israeli partners.²⁴
• The Flagship: The first store was scheduled to open in the Tel Aviv Port district in late 2024.²⁵
• Strategic Intent: This was not an experiment. It was a core component of Pret’s “five-year plan” to double the size of the business.² The explicit inclusion of Israel as a growth engine demonstrates “Commercial Normalization” (Score Band 3.0-3.9)—treating Israel as a standard Western economy devoid of political risk or ethical baggage.

3.2. The “Force Majeure” Withdrawal (2024)

In mid-2024, the agreement was terminated. Pro-Palestine activists and the Palestine Solidarity Campaign (PSC) claimed this as a victory for the BDS movement.²⁶ However, a forensic analysis of Pret’s corporate communications reveals a deliberate effort to avoid conceding any moral ground.

The “Safe Harbor” Defense:

Pret A Manger did not cite the “genocide” in Gaza, the occupation, or international law. Instead, they utilized a legal mechanism: Force Majeure.

• Official Rationale: “Significant ongoing travel restrictions have meant that our teams have not been able to conduct the checks and training needed to set up Pret in a new market”.⁵
• The Insurance Alibi: A Pret spokesperson specifically noted, “Under the terms of Pret’s travel insurance, any colleagues travelling to Israel would not be insured”.⁵

Audit Analysis: This framing is critical. By attributing the cancellation to travel insurance and logistics, Pret maintains its “neutrality.” It positions the withdrawal as a temporary operational failure caused by external circumstances (“The Iron Swords War”) rather than a proactive ethical decision to divest from an apartheid state. This allows Pret to avoid alienating Zionist consumers and investors while still exiting a volatile market.

3.3. Financial Complicity: The £3 Million Settlement

The audit uncovers that Pret A Manger paid for its exit. This financial transaction constitutes material engagement with the Israeli corporate sector during an active conflict.

• The Settlement: Pret agreed to pay £3 million ($3.9 million) to Fox Group and Yarzin Sella.³
• Purpose: The payment was to cover the “sunk costs” and investment already made by the Israeli partners and to settle the dispute to avoid litigation.³
• Implication: Pret effectively transferred £3 million to Israeli corporations in 2024. While this was a termination fee, it represents a capital injection into the Israeli economy. A principled boycott or divestment typically involves accepting legal risk to cease complicity; Pret chose to buy its way out of the contract to protect its brand reputation.

3.4. The “Right of Return” Clause (Future Risk)

Most critically, the termination agreement includes a “Right of First Refusal” clause.

• The Clause: If Pret A Manger decides to open shops in Israel before October 2027, Fox Group and Yarzin Sella have the contractual right to be the partners for that re-entry.³
• Strategic Signal: This clause is a smoking gun for “Commercial Normalization.” It proves that Pret A Manger has no ideological objection to operating in Israel. The company anticipates that the “Force Majeure” event (the war) will pass, and they explicitly plan to reserve the right to re-enter the market within three years. This is a “pause,” not a “boycott.”

4. Comparative Humanitarian Policy: The Safe Harbor Test

The “Safe Harbor” test evaluates whether a company applies its ethical policies consistently across different geopolitical conflicts. A key indicator of “Indirect Narrative Bias” (Score Band 5.1-6.0) is the presence of a double standard where support for one victim group is championed while another is ignored.

4.1. The Ukraine Standard: Active Corporate Citizenship

Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Pret A Manger mobilized its full corporate apparatus to support Ukrainian sovereignty and refugees.

• Program Launch: In April 2022, Pret launched the “Pret’s Ukraine Employment Programme”.⁴
• Scale and Resource Allocation: The company hired over 250 Ukrainian refugees into roles across 100 shops.⁴
• Holistic Support: The program went beyond simple employment. Pret provided:
  • Financial aid and travel vouchers.⁴
  • Mental health support and counselling.²²
  • English language tuition.⁴
  • Assistance with finding accommodation through the Pret Foundation.⁴
• Executive Endorsement: CEO Pano Christou was vocal and public in his support, stating, “It’s been an absolute privilege to see those on our programme become part of the Pret family”.²² The company actively used this program for positive PR, framing itself as a compassionate actor on the world stage.

4.2. The Gaza Standard: Corporate Silence and Risk Management

In stark contrast, Pret A Manger’s response to the crisis in Gaza (2023-2024) has been characterized by absolute silence and defensive risk management.

• Absence of Aid: There is no record of a “Palestine Employment Programme” or any specific fund for Palestinian refugees, despite the massive displacement and humanitarian need in Gaza.
• Silence on Casualties: Unlike the vocal condemnation of the war in Ukraine (implied through the support of refugees “fleeing the war”), Pret has issued no statements expressing solidarity with Palestinian civilians or condemning the violence.
• Bureaucratic Response: The only communication regarding the region has been the technical filing regarding the cancellation of the Fox Group franchise due to “Force Majeure”.¹
• Ignoring Feedback: The #PretAPartheid campaign involved activists placing stickers on sandwiches and sending hundreds of emails to the CEO asking for feedback on the Israel deal. The company provided no response.²¹

Conclusion on Neutrality:

Pret A Manger fails the “Safe Harbor” test. The disparity is systemic. The company treats the Ukrainian struggle as a legitimate humanitarian cause worthy of corporate intervention, while treating the Palestinian struggle as a “controversial” political issue to be avoided. This aligns with “Indirect Narrative Bias,” where corporate policy implicitly favors narratives that humanize European victims while rendering Arab victims invisible or “too political.”

5. Operational & Technological Supply Chain

A thorough audit extends beyond high-level governance to the operational backbone of the company. Complicity can be embedded in the technology stack and the supply chain.

5.1. Technological Integration: The YOOBIC Partnership

In September 2024, Pret A Manger announced a major strategic partnership with YOOBIC to digitize its frontline operations.³³

• The Technology: YOOBIC provides a digital workplace platform for task management, communications, and learning.³⁵ It is being deployed across Pret’s 525 shops in 15 international markets.³³
• The Israeli Nexus: While YOOBIC is headquartered in London and New York, it has deep roots in the Israeli tech ecosystem. It maintains a Research & Development (R&D) hub in Tel Aviv, Israel.³⁶ The company has received investment from firms active in the Israeli venture capital space.⁹
• Operational Dependency: By integrating YOOBIC into the daily workflow of every Pret shop globally, Pret A Manger is creating a long-term technological dependency on a platform whose core IP is developed and maintained in Israel. This creates a revenue stream flowing to the Israeli tech sector, which is deeply integrated with the Israeli defense and intelligence apparatus (the “Silicon Wadi” military-civil fusion).

5.2. Ingredient Sourcing: The Settlement Risk

Pret A Manger markets its products on freshness and “natural” ingredients. However, the global supply chain for specific commodities presents a high risk of sourcing from illegal Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT).

• Medjool Dates: Dates are a primary ingredient in Pret’s health bars, smoothies, and snack pots.³⁷ Israel is the world’s largest exporter of Medjool dates, and a significant portion of this production occurs in settlements in the Jordan Valley. Snippet ³⁹ highlights that Israeli Medjool dates are considered “high-quality” and fetch premium prices.
• Avocados: The UK market relies heavily on Israeli avocados during specific seasonal windows when other sources (like Peru or South Africa) are off-season.⁴⁰
• Lack of Traceability: Pret A Manger states it partners with “trusted suppliers” ⁴¹ but does not publish a specific “Origin Policy” that explicitly excludes settlement goods. Given the prevalence of settlement dates and avocados in the UK supply chain ⁴², and the practice of mislabeling settlement goods as “Made in Israel,” there is a High Probability that Pret’s supply chain contains proceeds of the occupation. Without a rigid, audited exclusionary policy, “business as usual” sourcing in these categories equals complicity.

6. Internal Governance & Discourse Control

The political footprint of a company is also measured by how it polices the speech of its employees and how it interacts with civil society.

6.1. The “Neutrality” Trap: Uniforms and Badges

The audit investigates the enforcement of “neutrality” regarding staff expression.

• Sector Context: The UK retail sector has seen a crackdown on staff wearing “Free Palestine” badges. Snippets reference incidents at Selfridges and The Courtauld Gallery where staff were disciplined or uniform policies were tightened to ban political symbols.⁴³
• Pret’s Environment: While there is no specific snippet confirming a firing at Pret specifically for a badge (unlike the “Bunny’s” incident in Baltimore ⁴⁵), the intense pressure from the #PretAPartheid campaign suggests Pret strictly enforces uniform standards.
• Protest Management: Activists have entered Pret stores to protest, chanting “Pret, Pret, Pret a Manger, how many Palestinians are killed today?”.³¹ The company’s refusal to engage with these protests—neither evicting them violently nor engaging in dialogue—reflects a strategy of “strategic silence” designed to de-escalate without conceding legitimacy to the protesters’ demands.

6.2. The “PretAPartheid” Campaign Response

The “PretAPartheid” campaign, led by Friends of Al-Aqsa (FOA), specifically targeted CEO Pano Christou.

• Tactics: The campaign involved email floods and physical stickering of products.²¹
• Corporate Response: The audit finds a complete refusal to engage. “FOA has reportedly reached out to Pret for comment but hasn’t received a reply”.²¹
• Implication: This refusal to acknowledge a major human rights campaign stands in contrast to Pret’s responsiveness to other social issues (e.g., sustainability, homelessness). It indicates that the company classifies Palestinian rights as an “adversarial” issue rather than a stakeholder concern.

7. Comparative Industry Analysis

To accurately rank Pret A Manger, it is necessary to compare its footprint with industry peers and the broader “Brand Israel” ecosystem.

Differentiation:

Pret A Manger is unique in this dataset because it attempted to enter Israel during the tenure of the most right-wing government in Israel’s history (2023), ignoring all “apartheid” warnings. Its subsequent withdrawal is a “soft victory” for BDS but does not absolve the company of the intent to normalize relations. The “holding fee” of £3 million and the “re-entry clause” distinguish it as a company that is waiting for the political climate to cool, rather than one that has made an ethical choice.

8. Data Synthesis for Classification

The following data points are synthesized to facilitate future ranking based on the provided scale. The audit advises that Pret A Manger sits at the intersection of Commercial Normalization and Indirect Narrative Bias, with structural pressure from Unendorsed Support (Owner).

8.1. Evidence for “Commercial Normalization” (Band 3.0–3.9)

• The Intent: The 2022 decision to open 40 stores in Israel demonstrates a view of Israel as a standard market.¹
• The Re-Entry Clause: The 2024 settlement preserves the right to re-enter by 2027, treating the genocide/war as a temporary disruption.³
• Supply Chain: The use of Israeli technology (Yoobic) and likely sourcing of Israeli produce (dates/avocados) without ethical filtering.³³

8.2. Evidence for “Indirect Narrative Bias” (Band 5.1–6.0)

• The Double Standard: The discrepancy between the proactive “Ukraine Employment Programme” and the total silence on Gaza constitutes a systemic bias that favors European victims over Palestinian ones.⁴
• Discourse Shaping: The refusal to engage with the #PretAPartheid campaign while promoting “ethical values” implicitly delegitimizes the Palestinian solidarity movement as unworthy of corporate response.

8.3. Evidence for “Unendorsed Support (Individual/Owner)” (Band 4.0–5.0)

• JAB Holding: The controlling owner, through the Alfred Landecker Foundation, engages in active Zionist advocacy, declaring “absolute solidarity” with Israel and framing the conflict in favorable terms for the state.⁸ While Pret the subsidiary does not endorse this, its profits fund the owner who does.

9. Conclusion

This audit concludes that Pret A Manger operates as a Commercially Complicit Entity within the Zionist economic sphere, currently in a state of “paused normalization” due to logistical instability.

The company’s governance structure is compromised by the ideological commitments of its parent company, JAB Holding, whose philanthropic arm actively propagates Zionist narratives under the banner of combating antisemitism. Operationally, Pret A Manger has demonstrated a clear intent to integrate into the Israeli market through its partnership with Fox Group, a strategy only halted by the physical realities of war rather than ethical introspection.

The company’s claim to “neutrality” is falsified by its own history: its active, values-driven intervention in the Ukraine crisis proves that it is capable of corporate political agency. Its refusal to extend this agency to the Palestinians, coupled with its financial settlement to Israeli partners and its reliance on Israeli technology, places it firmly within the sphere of companies that uphold and normalize the status quo of occupation.

Recommendations for Future Monitoring

1. Monitor October 2027: This date marks the expiration of the “Right of First Refusal” for Fox Group. Any movement prior to this date signals a reactivation of the normalization strategy.
2. Audit Supply Chain Transparency: Future investigations should demand explicit “Country of Origin” data for Medjool dates and avocados to verify the presence of settlement goods.
3. Track JAB/Landecker Activity: Continued monitoring of the Alfred Landecker Foundation is essential, as it serves as the ideological proxy for Pret’s ownership group.

End of Audit Report

Works cited

1. Pret a Manger cancels plans to open in Israel – Globes English – גלובס, accessed November 27, 2025, https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-pret-a-manger-cancels-plans-to-open-in-israel-1001480264
2. Pret A Manger halts Israel expansion plans – Verdict Food Service, accessed November 27, 2025, https://www.verdictfoodservice.com/news/pret-a-manger-israel/
3. Pret agrees to pay $3.9m compensation over shelved Israel franchise deal, accessed November 27, 2025, https://www.worldcoffeeportal.com/news/pret-agrees-to-pay-3-9m-compensation-over-shelved-israel-franchise-deal/
4. 250 ukrainian refugees secure jobs at pret thanks to company’s employment programme, accessed November 27, 2025, https://www.pret.co.uk/en-GB/pr-pre-foundation-ukrainian-employment-programme
5. Due to war, UK’s Pret A Manger sandwich and coffee chain scraps planned Israel entry, accessed November 27, 2025, https://www.timesofisrael.com/due-to-war-uks-pret-a-manger-coffee-chain-scraps-plans-to-venture-into-israel/
6. Pret a Manger: Reimann family succumbs to anti-Semitism – Globes English, accessed November 27, 2025, https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-pret-a-manger-reimann-family-succumbs-to-antisemitism-1001480432
7. The Story of the Alfred Landecker Foundation, accessed November 27, 2025, https://www.alfredlandecker.org/en/article/the-story-of-the-alfred-landecker-foundation
8. On Hamas’ current war against Israel – Alfred Landecker Stiftung, accessed November 27, 2025, https://www.alfredlandecker.org/en/article/on-hamas-war-against-israel
9. 【Luxe.Co Investment Report】Top 12 Trends in Fashion and Lifestyle Investment and Financing in 2018 – Overseas Market, accessed November 27, 2025, http://en.luxe.co/post/3774
10. The Nazi Past of JAB Holdings, Owner of Krispy Kreme, Panera and Other Familiar Brands, accessed November 27, 2025, https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-nazi-past-of-jab-holdings-owner-of-krispy-kreme-panera-and-other-familiar-brands
11. Decoding Antisemitism: An AI-driven Study on Hate Speech and Imagery Online, accessed November 27, 2025, https://d-nb.info/1257768433/34
12. Family firm with Nazi past funds effort to use AI to detect online anti-Semitism, accessed November 27, 2025, https://www.timesofisrael.com/family-firm-with-nazi-past-funds-effort-to-use-ai-to-detect-online-anti-semitism/
13. Pret A Manger announces new Board appointments, accessed November 27, 2025, https://www.pret.co.uk/en-GB/pr-new-board-appointments
14. Pret A Manger announces board changes as it ramps up international growth, accessed November 27, 2025, https://www.theretailbulletin.com/food-and-drink/pret-a-manger-announces-board-changes-as-it-ramps-up-international-growth-24-04-2024/
15. Pret A Manger appoints José Cil as Chairman, accessed November 27, 2025, https://www.jabholco.com/documents/6/PressRelease-PretAMangerappointsJose%CC%81CilasChairman.pdf
16. Board of Directors Meeting – Select Florida, accessed November 27, 2025, http://selectflorida.org/wp-content/uploads/Board-Book-2023-03.pdf
17. Pret A Manger pulls out of plans to open in Israel over Gaza war – The New Arab, accessed November 27, 2025, https://www.newarab.com/news/pret-manger-pulls-out-plans-open-israel-over-gaza-war
18. Pret a Manger – Wikipedia, accessed November 27, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pret_a_Manger
19. DOCUMENTREQUESTlliDEX – Executive Services Directorate, accessed November 27, 2025, https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/FOID/Reading%20Room/Congressional_Correspondence/09-F-1460doc1_Congressional_Correspondence_Logs_fromJuly_1_2008_to_July24_2009.pdf?ver=2017-05-15-140416-050
20. Advisory Board – Charney New Diplomacy, accessed November 27, 2025, https://www.charneynewdiplomacy.com/advisory-board
21. #PretAPartheid: Activists Target Pret A Manger for ‘Complicity in Israeli Abuses’ – Palestine Chronicle, accessed November 27, 2025, https://www.palestinechronicle.com/pretapartheid-activists-target-pret-a-manger-for-complicity-in-israeli-abuses/
22. Pret hires 250 Ukrainian refugees – News – The Caterer, accessed November 27, 2025, https://www.thecaterer.com/news/pret-hires-250-ukrainian-refugees
23. FinitoWorld Issue Eight – Issuu, accessed November 27, 2025, https://issuu.com/finitoworld/docs/080_finito_world_issue8_latest2
24. Pret A Manger cancels launch in Israel due to war – Ynetnews, accessed November 27, 2025, https://www.ynetnews.com/business/article/r1ttwatv0
25. I/OPT: Pret A Manger terminates Israel franchise deal amid ongoing war on Gaza, accessed November 27, 2025, https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/iopt-pret-a-manger-terminates-israel-franchise-deal-amid-ongoing-war-on-gaza/
26. PSC claims victory as Pret a Manger abandons plans for 40 stores in Israel, accessed November 27, 2025, https://www.thecanary.co/global/world-news/2024/06/04/pret-israel/
27. Press Release: Pret bows to pressure not to invest in Israel – Palestine Solidarity Campaign, accessed November 27, 2025, https://palestinecampaign.org/press-release-pret-bows-to-pressure-not-to-invest-in-israel/
28. Pret A Manger ends franchise deal in ‘Israel’, cites ‘force majeure’ | Al Mayadeen English, accessed November 27, 2025, https://english.almayadeen.net/news/Economy/pret-a-manger-cancels-franchise-deal-with–israel–citing-genocide
29. Pret A Manger hires 250 Ukrainian refugees in 100 shops across UK – Retail Bulletin, accessed November 27, 2025, https://www.theretailbulletin.com/food-and-drink/pret-a-manger-hires-250-ukrainian-refugees-in-100-shops-across-uk-14-02-2023/
30. Pret hires 250 Ukrainian refugees | News – British Baker, accessed November 27, 2025, https://bakeryinfo.co.uk/movers/pret-hires-250-ukrainian-refugees/676264.article
31. Protest at Pret A Manger following decision to open branches in Israel – Muslim News UK, accessed November 27, 2025, https://muslimnews.co.uk/newspaper/human-rights/protest-at-pret-a-manger-following-decision-to-open-branches-in-israel/
32. Pressure mounts on Pret to ditch deal with apartheid Israel – Middle East Monitor, accessed November 27, 2025, https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20230114-pressure-mounts-on-pret-to-ditch-deal-with-apartheid-israel/
33. Pret A Manger selects YOOBIC’s digital tools for global expansion – Verdict Food Service, accessed November 27, 2025, https://www.verdictfoodservice.com/news/pret-a-manger-yoobic/
34. Pret A Manger Turns to YOOBIC to Fuel Global Expansion – Retail Bulletin, accessed November 27, 2025, https://www.theretailbulletin.com/retail-solutions/pret-a-manger-turns-to-yoobic-to-fuel-global-expansion-23-09-2024/
35. YOOBIC: The Retail Store Operations & Performance Platform, accessed November 27, 2025, https://yoobic.com/
36. Jobs at Highland Europe Companies, accessed November 27, 2025, https://careers.highlandeurope.com/companies
37. Non-Alcoholic Drinks Archives – Gama, accessed November 27, 2025, http://www.gamaconsumer.com/category/news/non_alcoholicdrinks/
38. When Miami-born Kathryn Bricken, 52, moved to London in 2008 and was asked on repeat for her gluten-free American-style cookie recipe she decided to turn the demand into a business. – Glowcation, accessed November 27, 2025, https://glowcation.com/author/glowcation/
39. Kingdom Dates Company’s Marketing Plan – 3992 Words | Report Example – IvyPanda, accessed November 27, 2025, https://ivypanda.com/essays/kingdom-dates-companys-marketing-plan/
40. Hemp Industries – Inside Drinks Yearbook 2018 – Trouble brewing, accessed November 27, 2025, https://just-drinks.nridigital.com/inside_drinks_yb18/hemp_industries
41. Supplier Spotlight – Pret A Manger, accessed November 27, 2025, https://www.pret.com/en-US/suppliers
42. Market Study for the United Kingdom for Processed food, accessed November 27, 2025, https://monshati.ps/uploads/16383560201638909324.pdf
43. Palestine Badge prompts reminder of staff protocol at Birmingham Selfridges, accessed November 27, 2025, https://www.uklfi.com/palestine-badge-prompts-reminder-of-staff-protocol-at-birmingham-selfridges
44. The Courtauld clarifies staff uniform policy to prevent Palestine badges, accessed November 27, 2025, https://www.uklfi.com/the-courtauld-gallery-clarifies-staff-uniform-policy-to-prevent-palestine-badges
45. Baltimore restaurant employees say they were fired after protest over ban of pro-Palestine pin – CBS News, accessed November 27, 2025, https://www.cbsnews.com/baltimore/news/employees-fells-point-restaurant-bunnies-buckets-bubbles-fired-protesting-working-conditions/
46. Pro-Palestinian activists put pressure on sandwich chain Pret to ditch deal in Israel, accessed November 27, 2025, https://www.arabnews.com/node/2232121/middle-east