INDEX / DIRECTORY / ZARA

Zara

Fashion & Apparel 95 CITED SOURCES UPDATED 2026-07-04
BDS-1000 Score 575 /1000 C Tier C - High
Military ↗ 0.00 Digital ↗ 4.32 Economic ↗ 3.90 Political ↗ 6.35

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Zara - BDS-1000 Main Dossier

Key Findings

  • Digital: In April 2026, the ShinyHunters extortion group breached Inditex/Zara customer databases (~197,400 unique emails, order and product data) via un-revoked authentication tokens left active after the group’s contract with Israeli-domiciled analytics vendor Anodot - since acquired by Tel Aviv Stock Exchange-listed Glassbox Ltd - had ended, placing Israeli-jurisdiction infrastructure in the data-access chain.1234
  • Political/Economic: Zara opened its largest store worldwide, a 4,500 m² flagship at Big Fashion Glilot near Tel Aviv, in February 2025 - after the ICJ’s July 2024 advisory opinion and the ICC’s November 2024 arrest warrants - while its own European Works Council was publicly calling for an Israel exit over the Gaza war, a call Inditex management did not act on.567
  • Political: In October 2022, Joey Schwebel, chair of Zara’s independent Israeli franchisee Trimera Brands, hosted a campaign event for far-right politician Itamar Ben-Gvir; Inditex publicly disavowed the franchisee’s statements but neither disciplined nor terminated the franchise relationship - a markedly lighter response than its explicit humanitarian and full-divestment response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.89101112
  • Not found: No public evidence of any Zara/Inditex military, defence, or dual-use contracting relationship, and no Zara storefront or supply-chain link identified inside a West Bank, East Jerusalem, or Golan Heights settlement.131415

Target Profile

FieldDetail
Company NameZara (flagship retail brand of Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. / Inditex)
JurisdictionSpain (Inditex incorporated and headquartered in Arteixo, Galicia)
HeadquartersArteixo, Galicia, Spain
SectorFast-fashion apparel retail (design, manufacture-coordination, and omnichannel/e-commerce sale of clothing and accessories)
OwnershipMajority-controlled by the Ortega family via Pontegadea Inversiones, S.L. (~59% of voting rights); Sandra Ortega Mera holds a further stake through a separate family holding vehicle; publicly listed, one-share-one-vote basis
Key Executives / GovernanceMarta Ortega Pérez (Non-Executive Chairman since April 2022); Óscar García Maceiras (CEO since November 2021); Amancio Ortega (founder). Israeli-market franchise chaired by Joey Schwebel (Trimera Brands / Gottex Brands Group), not an Inditex officer, director, or disclosed major shareholder
Israeli-Nexus SummaryNo direct Inditex ownership presence in Israel; Zara trades in Israel exclusively through an independent Israeli franchisee (Trimera Brands/Gottex) that has generated recurring political and reputational controversy, compounded by an Israeli-domiciled analytics vendor’s role in a 2026 customer-data breach

Key Facts:

Executive Summary

Zara is the flagship fast-fashion brand of Inditex, a Spanish-headquartered, family-controlled apparel retailer with no disclosed defence-sector activity anywhere in its global operations. Its documented Israel/Palestine nexus is narrow and almost entirely indirect: Inditex holds no Israeli operating assets, and its ~26–87 stores across Israel (Zara and sister brands combined, count varies by year and methodology) are run by an independent local franchisee, Trimera Brands, under license.518202122 This commercial-distance structure is the central fact shaping every domain score below.

The strongest documented vectors are economic-adjacent and political rather than material or military. Economically, the nexus consists of ordinary franchise/royalty flows from the Israeli franchisee to the Spanish parent and continued market presence - most visibly the February 2025 opening of a 4,500 m² flagship at Big Fashion Glilot, timed after both the ICJ’s July 2024 advisory opinion on the occupied Palestinian territories and the ICC’s November 2024 arrest warrants for senior Israeli officials.67 Politically, the record shows a franchisee principal (Schwebel) hosting a campaign event for far-right politician Itamar Ben-Gvir in October 2022, a 2021 incident in which a Zara head designer sent anti-Palestinian messages to a Palestinian model, and a December 2023 ad campaign withdrawn after critics said its imagery evoked Gaza - in each case Inditex issued a disavowal or apology without disciplinary or contractual consequence.89232425262728 That pattern of public distancing without structural change contrasts with Inditex’s explicit, well-documented humanitarian and divestment response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine (UNHCR partnership, ~272,000 donated items, full sale of its 245-store Russian business with a €2,211m impairment) - no comparable Gaza-directed humanitarian action or divestment step has been identified.11293012 Digitally, the most concrete Israeli-jurisdiction touchpoint is Anodot, a Petach Tikva-domiciled analytics vendor (since acquired by Tel Aviv-listed Glassbox) that held authenticated read access to Inditex’s BigQuery customer-data environment; when that contract ended, un-revoked tokens were exploited in an April 2026 ShinyHunters breach exposing roughly 197,400 customer email addresses.1231323334

What is not supported by the evidence is at least as important to the record. No public evidence was identified - across any of the four domains - of Zara or Inditex military or defence contracting, dual-use products, involvement in settlement or military infrastructure, or supply-chain integration with Israeli or other defence primes; Military scores 0.00 across all sub-factors.1314 No public evidence was identified of a Zara-branded storefront operating inside a West Bank, East Jerusalem, or Golan Heights settlement, and Inditex/Zara/Trimera do not appear in the UN Human Rights Office’s September 2025 settlement-business database of 158 enterprises.15 A parallel UN Special Rapporteur report on the “economy of genocide” does not name Zara, Inditex, or apparel retailers generally, though full-text verification of that primary document could not be completed.3435 No direct Inditex capital investment, R&D presence, or owned real estate inside Israel was identified; the Ortega family’s Pontegadea holding company’s disclosed real-estate portfolio does not include Israel.36

Taken together - a civilian retailer with zero military nexus, a moderate but real digital-vendor exposure via an Israeli analytics firm implicated in a 2026 breach, ordinary but persistent franchise-driven economic presence including a high-visibility 2025 expansion, and a political record of repeated distancing statements without structural consequences or comparable humanitarian action - the evidence supports a BRS of 575 and Tier C (High), driven by the Political domain (V=6.35) as the ceiling score, with Digital (4.32) and Economic (3.90) as secondary contributors and Military contributing nothing (0.00).

Timeline of Relevant Events

DateEvent
1975Inditex founded in Arteixo, Galicia, Spain; Zara’s first store opens the same year.14
1997Zara enters the Israeli market with its first store at Ramat Aviv Mall, Tel Aviv (operated by independent franchisee).5
2012Israeli Zara franchise operator acquires the Gap Israel franchise for NIS 40 million - a transaction by the Israeli franchisee, not Inditex directly.37
2019Zara launches Israeli e-commerce, notably later than competitors.38
June 2021Zara’s then-head womenswear designer sends anti-Palestinian messages to a Palestinian model; Inditex publicly condemns the remarks but takes no disciplinary action.232428
October 2022Joey Schwebel, chair of Israeli franchisee Trimera Brands, hosts a campaign event for Itamar Ben-Gvir; clothes-burning protests and boycott calls follow; Palestinian Ministry of National Economy files a formal complaint to Inditex.89394010
November 2022Inditex responds that “the statements of the Zara agent do not represent or reflect the company’s policy,” without terminating the franchise.10
October 2023Following the Hamas attacks and outbreak of war, Inditex temporarily closes ~82–87 franchised stores across Israel and extends return deadlines; no political statement issued.4120214243
December 2023Zara withdraws a global ad campaign (“The Jacket”/Atelier) after critics say its imagery evokes Gaza destruction; Inditex says the shoot predated the war and “regrets that misunderstanding.”44252627
April 2024A Zara campaign featuring Israeli model Sun Mizrahi draws boycott calls and a pro-Israel counter-mobilization defending the brand.45
2024–2025Inditex’s European Works Council publicly urges the company to exit Israel over the Gaza war; the call goes unanswered by management.5
February 2025Zara/Zara Home opens a 4,500 m² flagship at Big Fashion Glilot, Ramat Hasharon - its largest store worldwide - after the ICJ’s July 2024 advisory opinion and the ICC’s November 2024 arrest warrants.67
24 July 2025The Palestinian BDS National Committee issues a formal boycott call against Zara/Inditex, citing the Glilot opening, the 2022 Ben-Gvir event, the 2021 designer incident, the 2023 ad campaign, and the 2024 model controversy.4647
4 November 2025Glassbox Ltd (Israel-incorporated, Tel Aviv Stock Exchange-listed) acquires Anodot, Inditex’s former BigQuery-analytics vendor.232
April 2026ShinyHunters group claims a breach of Inditex/Zara BigQuery data “via Anodot.com”; Inditex confirms unauthorized third-party access and notifies Spain’s AEPD.14833
8 May 2026Have I Been Pwned catalogues the breach: ~197,400 unique customer email addresses with order/SKU/geographic metadata; no passwords or payment data.4

Corporate Overview

Inditex (Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A.) is a Spanish multinational fashion retailer headquartered in Arteixo, Galicia, founded in 1975; Zara is its flagship and largest brand alongside sister chains Zara Home, Pull&Bear, Bershka, Massimo Dutti, Stradivarius, and Oysho.14 Ownership is concentrated in the founding Ortega family through Pontegadea Inversiones, S.L. (~59% voting rights), with Marta Ortega Pérez as Non-Executive Chairman since April 2022 and Óscar García Maceiras as CEO since November 2021.36

In Israel, Zara and its sister brands operate exclusively through an independent local franchise structure rather than Inditex-owned assets. The franchisee is Trimera Brands, chaired by Canadian-Israeli businessman Joey Schwebel and co-controlled with Chanan (Hanan) Elituv, operating under the umbrella of Gottex Brands Group; the identified importer of record for merchandise entering Israel is Gottex Fashion Ltd., based in Or Yehuda.161718 Trade press describes Trimera/Gottex as “the largest retail franchisee in Israel,” running Zara alongside Pull&Bear, Bershka, Massimo Dutti, Stradivarius, Zara Home, and (from ~2024) Oysho.18 Reported store counts vary by date and method: 84 stores across six Inditex-linked brands (26 Zara) were reported closed in October 2023; 87 stores were reported in 2018; 82 stores as of end-2024; and “20+” Zara-branded outlets concentrated in Tel Aviv/central Israel in 2025.5182022 Employees of the Israeli operation are technically employed by the franchisee, not Inditex.5 Profit flow, as inferred from the franchise structure (no disclosed financial statement confirms this directly), runs from the Israeli franchisee to the Spanish parent via royalty/franchise fees - not the reverse.518

No Inditex-owned offices, warehouses, logistics hubs, or manufacturing facilities in Israel were identified; no Inditex R&D partnerships, accelerator participation, or investment stakes in Israeli companies were identified; and Israel is not broken out as a distinct financial-reporting segment.1936

Domain Summaries

Military: Military

Mechanism of Involvement

No mechanism was identified. Zara is a civilian fast-fashion retailer and manufacturer/distributor of apparel, footwear, and accessories with no disclosed defence-ministry contracts, no dual-use product lines, no heavy-machinery or construction-infrastructure activity, no defence-prime supply-chain integration, and no logistical sustainment role for military bases or installations, in Israel or elsewhere.131415

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

The company’s own defence: Zara/Inditex’s business model - textile and garment retail - is structurally unconnected to arms, dual-use goods, or military logistics, and no open-source military-contracting database, Israeli Ministry of Defence tender record, or settlement-infrastructure database (Who Profits) lists Zara or Inditex.131415 Spain’s move toward arms-export restrictions on Israel from late 2023 is a matter for weapons exporters and does not apply to Inditex as a civilian apparel group.49

Named Entities and Evidence Map

No named military-nexus entities were identified. Civil-society scrutiny of Zara’s Israel ties (the BDS boycott call, the Ben-Gvir franchisee event, the December 2023 ad, the European Works Council exit call) is concentrated in the economic and political domains, not military/defence.4685

Digital: Digital

Mechanism of Involvement

Zara’s core technology stack (RFID inventory, assisted self-checkout, e-commerce, cloud analytics) runs through Inditex group infrastructure using non-Israeli vendors: Tyco/Sensormatic and Impinj (RFID, both US-domiciled) and Google Cloud/BigQuery, Snowflake, Azure, and AWS (all non-Israeli hyperscalers).195051 The one identified Israeli-domiciled vendor relationship is Anodot, a Petach Tikva-based AI anomaly-detection platform contracted by Inditex with read-access integration into its BigQuery environment holding Zara customer transaction data; Anodot was acquired by Glassbox Ltd (Israel-incorporated, Petach Tikva HQ, Tel Aviv Stock Exchange-listed) on 4 November 2025.23132 Inditex describes Anodot as a “former technology provider,” meaning the contract had ended, but authentication tokens issued during the live relationship were not revoked, leaving residual access that ShinyHunters exploited in an April 2026 breach exposing ~197,400 customer email addresses with order IDs, SKUs, geographic identifiers, and support-ticket metadata; Inditex notified Spain’s AEPD.1348334 The same Anodot-derived attack vector was used against Vimeo, Rockstar Games, McGraw Hill, 7-Eleven, and Carnival in the same campaign, indicating a vendor-side vulnerability rather than a Zara-specific one.52

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

Inditex’s disclosed cloud and RFID vendors are overwhelmingly US-domiciled, not Israeli. The Anodot relationship had already been terminated by the time of the breach - the exposure resulted from a vendor’s failure to revoke access tokens post-contract, not from an active or ongoing Israeli-vendor relationship, and the same flaw compromised multiple unrelated global brands.494852 No public evidence was identified of Zara/Inditex relationships with other Israeli-founded fraud, personalization, or checkout vendors sometimes associated with retail tech (Riskified, Forter, Dynamic Yield, Trigo) - each was checked and found either non-Israeli-domiciled or unconnected to Inditex.19 No public evidence was identified of any Zara/Inditex technology relationship with Israeli defence, intelligence, or cybersecurity-sector entities, nor of facial recognition or biometric surveillance technology in Zara’s RFID or checkout systems.19

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Anodot (Petach Tikva, Israel) - former Inditex analytics vendor; residual BigQuery access exploited in the April 2026 breach.131 Glassbox Ltd (Israel-incorporated, TASE-listed) - acquired Anodot 4 November 2025, after the Inditex contract’s operative period.232 ShinyHunters - extortion group that claimed and executed the breach.48

Economic: Economic

Mechanism of Involvement

Zara’s Israeli economic footprint runs through the Trimera Brands/Gottex franchise rather than direct Inditex ownership: import via Gottex Fashion Ltd. (Or Yehuda), retail operation via Trimera Brands (chair Joey Schwebel), and - inferred from the franchise structure rather than disclosed financials - royalty/franchise-fee flow from the Israeli franchisee to Inditex in Spain.161718 The most visible recent economic event is the February 2025 opening of a 4,500 m² Zara/Zara Home flagship at Big Fashion Glilot, Ramat Hasharon - within sovereign Israeli territory, not a settlement - timed after the ICJ’s July 2024 advisory opinion and the ICC’s November 2024 arrest warrants, and after Inditex’s own European Works Council had already called for an Israel exit.567 Sustained boycott and consumer-pressure campaigns (BDS National Committee, 2025) have targeted Zara specifically on economic grounds tied to this continued and expanding franchise presence.4647

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

Inditex holds no direct capital investment - no owned factories, logistics hubs, data centers, or real estate - inside Israel or the occupied territories; all Israeli retail operations are third-party franchised, and the Ortega family’s Pontegadea holding company’s disclosed real-estate portfolio does not include Israel.36 No public evidence was identified of Israeli-origin goods reaching Zara’s supply chain, of mislabeled “Produce of Israel”-type goods (inapplicable to apparel), or of a Zara storefront inside a West Bank, East Jerusalem, or Golan Heights settlement.15 Zara/Inditex do not appear in the UN Human Rights Office’s September 2025 settlement-business database (158 listed enterprises) or in a public mirror of that list.15 A UN Special Rapporteur digest on the “economy of occupation and genocide” does not name Zara, Inditex, or apparel retailers, though the primary document (A/HRC/59/23) could not be fully verified, and a separate industry company list (DBIO-IV) could not be text-searched due to file-format issues, leaving Zara/Inditex’s presence or absence there an open, unconfirmed data gap rather than a negative finding.343553 Israel is not disclosed as a distinct revenue segment in Inditex financial reporting, and no Israeli government designation of Zara/Inditex as a strategic or anchor employer was identified.1936

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Trimera Brands / Gottex Brands Group (chair Joey Schwebel, co-controlled with Chanan Elituv) - independent Israeli franchisee of Zara and sister brands.1618 Gottex Fashion Ltd. (Or Yehuda) - importer of record.17 Pontegadea Inversiones, S.L. - Ortega family holding vehicle; controlling Inditex shareholder; no disclosed Israeli holdings.36

Political: Political

Mechanism of Involvement

Inditex’s public political posture on Israel/Palestine has consistently been reactive distancing rather than proactive stance-taking. It closed franchised Israeli stores operationally after October 2023 without political comment; withdrew a December 2023 ad campaign after Gaza-imagery criticism while denying intent and expressing regret “that misunderstanding” occurred; and, after its Israeli franchisee’s chair hosted a Ben-Gvir campaign event in October 2022, stated the franchisee’s remarks did not reflect company policy - without disciplinary or contractual action.8419442021102526274243 A comparable pattern followed a June 2021 incident in which Zara’s then-head designer sent anti-Palestinian messages to a Palestinian model: Inditex condemned the remarks publicly but did not discipline the designer.232428 This pattern stands in explicit contrast to Inditex’s Ukraine response: a documented “humanitarian emergency response,” a UNHCR partnership, donation of 272,090 clothing/footwear items, and full divestment from Russia (sale of 245 stores, €2,211m impairment in FY2022) - no comparable Gaza-directed humanitarian programme or divestment step has been identified.11293012 Zara continued and expanded its Israeli commercial presence through the February 2025 Glilot flagship opening, after the ICJ’s advisory opinion and ICC arrest warrants and after its own European Works Council’s exit call.567 The Palestinian BDS National Committee’s formal July 2025 boycott call cites this pattern of events cumulatively.4647

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

Inditex has repeatedly and publicly disavowed the specific incidents driving political criticism - condemning the 2021 designer’s remarks, distancing itself from its franchisee’s 2022 Ben-Gvir event, and denying intent behind the 2023 ad campaign, which it says was conceived and shot before the war began.10262728 Its Israeli operations are run by an independent franchisee (Trimera Brands), not Inditex directly, limiting direct corporate attribution for franchisee-level political conduct. The February 2025 Glilot store is located within Israel’s internationally recognized 1949 borders, not in occupied territory.67 A pro-Israel commercial source separately characterizes Zara’s overall position as one of deliberate “political neutrality,” though it offers no independently verifiable primary documentation for that characterization.17 No public evidence was identified of Inditex hosting Israeli officials, receiving Israeli state honors, sponsoring “Brand Israel”-type campaigns, or making corporate/executive donations to the IDF, Friends of the IDF, or the Jewish National Fund.

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Joey Schwebel - chair, Trimera Brands (Israeli franchisee); hosted the October 2022 Ben-Gvir campaign event; not an Inditex officer or director.893940 Vanessa Perilman - former Zara head womenswear designer; sent anti-Palestinian messages to model Qaher Harhash in June 2021; publicly condemned by Inditex, not disciplined.232428 Marta Ortega Pérez (Chair) and Óscar García Maceiras (CEO) - no public statement by either specifically addressing Israel, Gaza, or Palestine was identified.36 Palestinian BDS National Committee - issued the formal 24 July 2025 boycott call.4647

BDS-1000 Score

DomainIMPV-Domain Score
Military0.000.000.000.00
Digital5.505.507.504.32
Economic3.907.007.503.90
Political6.357.007.806.35

V_MAX is set by Political (6.35), reflecting a documented pattern of high-directness political incidents (the Ben-Gvir franchisee event, the 2021 designer incident, the 2023 ad withdrawal, continued/expanding operations after the ICJ opinion and ICC warrants) paired consistently with corporate disavowal rather than structural response. Digital (4.32) and Economic (3.90) contribute moderate secondary weight via the Anodot-linked 2026 breach and the franchise-driven Glilot expansion respectively, while Military contributes nothing, pulling the cross-domain average down and producing a Tier C (High) rather than a higher tier. Scoring follows the scale-free BDS-1000 method: Impact (I) measures the type of activity documented, Magnitude (M) its scale, and Proximity (P) its directness to the company itself (versus franchisee/vendor attenuation); all inputs are evidence-only and were human-vetted against the four domain audits.

Methodology Note

Footnotes

  1. https://cyberinsider.com/inditex-confirms-third-party-breach-as-hackers-threaten-zara-data-leak/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  2. https://www.glassbox.com/news/glassbox-anodot-acquisition/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  3. https://www.cybersecurity-insiders.com/zara-data-breach-retired-provider-cloud-tokens/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  4. https://haveibeenpwned.com/PwnedWebsites ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  5. https://www.ynetnews.com/business/article/h18ydatpxx ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9 ↩10 ↩11

  6. https://www.jpost.com/consumerism/article-844035 ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  7. https://blog.boycat.io/posts/zara-big-fashion-glilot-boycott ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  8. https://www.timesofisrael.com/arabs-burn-zara-clothes-call-for-boycott-after-franchisee-hosts-ben-gvir-event/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  9. https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20221024-zara-israel-faces-boycott-after-boss-linked-to-extreme-right ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  10. https://english.wafa.ps/Pages/Details/131816 ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  11. https://static.inditex.com/annual_report_2022/en/committed/communities/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  12. https://www.nextinbeautymag.com/en/fashion-and-luxury/the-cessation-of-activity-in-ukraine-and-the-sale-of-the-business-in-russia-generates-deteriorations-in-the-exercise-of-2022-of-inditex_856_102.html ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  13. https://www.inditex.com/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  14. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inditex ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7

  15. https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2025/09/un-human-rights-office-updates-database-businesses-involved-israeli ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  16. https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-720277 ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  17. https://shopisrael.com/blogs/support/zara ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  18. https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-zara-also-mulls-leaving-melisron-malls-1001247528 ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8

  19. https://www.inditex.com/itxcomweb/api/media/1da2c9d1-dbca-49fb-9563-982a8a27fae6/INDITEXFullYear2025.pdf ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  20. https://apparelresources.com/business-news/retail/zara-owner-inditex-temporarily-closes-stores-israel/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  21. https://us.fashionnetwork.com/news/Inditex-stores-close-in-israel-following-hamas-attacks,1565343.html ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  22. https://www.sunnafiles.com/75685-2/ ↩ ↩2

  23. https://www.cnn.com/style/article/vanessa-perilman-zara-messages-scli-intl ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  24. https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/palestine-zara-head-designer-under-fire-remarks ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  25. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/11/zara-pulls-controversial-ad-from-website-after-gaza-boycott-calls ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  26. https://www.npr.org/2023/12/12/1218784119/zara-ad-boycott-gaza-destruction ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  27. https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthart/2023/12/12/zara-regrets-misunderstanding-over-controversial-ad-campaign-accused-of-mocking-gaza-deaths/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  28. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/fashion-retailer-zara-condemns-anti-palestinian-comments-made-designer-n1270940 ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  29. https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/world/story/ukraine-crisis-zara-owner-inditex-shuts-russian-stores-online-platform-324872-2022-03-05 ↩ ↩2

  30. https://www.retailgazette.co.uk/blog/2022/10/zara-inditex-russian-stores/ ↩ ↩2

  31. https://www.anodot.com/about/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  32. https://israeldesks.com/glassbox-raises-usd-100-million-at-usd-500-million-valuation-in-tel-aviv-stock-exchange-ipo/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  33. https://ground.news/article/zara-owner-inditex-reports-unauthorised-access-to-transaction-databases ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  34. https://law4palestine.org/summary-of-the-un-special-rapporteurs-report-on-corporate-complicity-in-the-economy-of-occupation-and-genocide-including-a-list-of-referenced-companies/ ↩ ↩2

  35. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/sessions-regular/session59/advance-version/a-hrc-59-23-aev.pdf ↩ ↩2

  36. https://www.inditex.com/itxcomweb/api/media/da68d990-0e8f-4fc0-b569-ddb46f202c78/BoDAnnualproceedingsreport2024.pdf ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7

  37. https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4173745,00.html ↩

  38. https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-zara-launches-online-sales-in-israel-1001285843 ↩

  39. https://www.ynetnews.com/article/ryl42pm4s ↩ ↩2

  40. https://www.euronews.com/2022/10/24/israel-election-zara ↩ ↩2

  41. https://wwd.com/business-news/retail/war-israel-forcing-retailers-suspend-operations-1235868730/ ↩ ↩2

  42. https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/zara-owner-inditex-temporarily-shuts-stores-in-israel/ ↩ ↩2

  43. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-10-10/israel-h-m-inditex-stores-close-following-hamas-attacks ↩ ↩2

  44. https://www.newsweek.com/zara-boycott-controversial-ad-bodies-sheets-israel-hamas-1851186 ↩ ↩2

  45. https://www.algemeiner.com/2024/04/09/israel-supporters-back-zara-after-brand-faces-boycott-threats-featuring-israeli-model/ ↩

  46. https://bdsmovement.net/news/boycott-zara-dressing-apartheid-and-genocide ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  47. https://fashionunited.com/news/business/palestinian-bds-national-committee-calls-for-boycott-of-zara-and-inditex/2025072867362 ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  48. https://cybernews.com/security/zara-carnival-7eleven-ransomware-shinyhunters-leak-warning/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  49. https://pbicanada.org/2025/07/15/spain-moves-to-legislate-an-arms-embargo-against-israel-while-canada-continues-to-approve-arms-export-permits/ ↩ ↩2

  50. https://www.impinj.com/library/blog/zaras-retail-inventory-management-system-driv ↩

  51. https://www.klover.ai/inditex-ai-strategy-analysis-of-dominance-in-new-era-fashion/ ↩

  52. https://www.rescana.com/post/vimeo-data-breach-2026-shinyhunters-exploit-anodot-integration-to-expose-119-000-user-records-via-snowflake-and-bigquery/ ↩ ↩2

  53. https://dontbuyintooccupation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024_DBIO-IV_Company-list.pdf ↩