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Volkswagen

  • AutomotiveCar Manufacturers
  • Updated: 11 June 2026
Key takeaways

- Volkswagen operates at least six wholly-owned Israeli subsidiaries and joint ventures, including a 40% stake in cybersecurity firm CyMotive (co-founded by former Shin Bet Director Yuval Diskin), reflecting substantial economic involvement in Israel's security-linked sectors. - MAN Truck & Bus supplies truck chassis that form the platform for Israeli Police armoured water cannon riot control vehicles used in the West Bank, with the company's Israeli importer submitting bids in 2024 for additional vehicles equipped with facial recognition. - Volkswagen's $4 billion LiDAR supply contract with Israeli company Innoviz Technologies and €150 million offset procurement commitment from Israeli suppliers constitute major commercial relationships tied to the Israeli economy and defence ecosystem. - The company has engaged politically through ADL Berlin funding since 2019 and co-signed the October 2023 "Nie wieder ist jetzt" advertisement expressing solidarity with Israel without calling for a ceasefire or acknowledging Palestinian casualties. - Volkswagen is reportedly in advanced discussions with Rafael Advanced Defense Systems to produce Iron Dome missile defence components at its Osnabrück plant, representing a potential escalation into direct weapons manufacturing.

BDS Rating
Grade
C
BDS Score
551 / 1000
Military
1.61 / 10
Digital
0.07 / 10
Economy
7.24 / 10
Political
6.17 / 10
links for more information

Target Profile

Field Detail
Company Name Volkswagen AG
Headquarters Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony, Germany
Sector Automotive manufacturing (passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, trucks, buses)
Ownership Porsche Automobil Holding SE (31.9% equity, 53.3% voting); State of Lower Saxony (11.8% equity, 20% voting); Qatar Investment Authority (10.4% equity, 17% voting); free float (~46%)
Israeli Nexus Exclusive importer Champion Motors supplies VW vehicles to Israeli Ministry of Defence; MAN subsidiary supplies truck chassis for Israeli police water cannon vehicles; joint venture CyMotive with former Shin Bet directors; ongoing discussions with Rafael for Iron Dome production

Executive Summary

Volkswagen Group, Europe’s largest automotive manufacturer by revenue, maintains documented commercial relationships with Israeli security forces that span vehicle supply, technology partnerships, and economic investment. The company’s Israeli operations—conducted primarily through its exclusive importer Champion Motors and through subsidiaries including MAN Truck & Bus—have been substantiated by civil society documentation from Who Profits, the Don’t Buy Into Occupation coalition, and academic research.

The strongest documented vectors of complicity are economic and political. Volkswagen’s economic footprint in Israel is substantial: the company operates at least six wholly-owned Israeli subsidiaries and joint ventures, holds a 40% stake in cybersecurity firm CyMotive (co-founded by former Shin Bet Director Yuval Diskin), has committed approximately €150 million in offset procurement from Israeli suppliers, and maintains a $4 billion LiDAR supply contract with Israeli company Innoviz Technologies. The MAN subsidiary supplies truck chassis that form the platform for Israeli Police water cannon riot control vehicles used in the West Bank, and MAN bus chassis enable Egged Group’s bus operations connecting Israeli settlements to Jerusalem and Tel Aviv.

The political dimension is equally significant. Volkswagen co-signed the October 2023 “Nie wieder ist jetzt” advertisement expressing solidarity with Israel without calling for a ceasefire or acknowledging Palestinian casualties. The company has funded the Anti-Defamation League’s Berlin office since 2019, and CEO Herbert Diess publicly invoked Volkswagen’s Nazi-era founding to justify this commitment. Volkswagen is reportedly in discussions with Rafael Advanced Defense Systems to produce Iron Dome missile defence components at its Osnabrück plant.

The military vector is documented but narrower: vehicle supply to the Israeli Ministry of Defence through Champion Motors, MAN chassis for riot control vehicles, and the prospective Iron Dome manufacturing role. The digital vector is minimal, consisting primarily of standard commercial technology partnerships without verified security-sector applications.

The resulting BRS score of 551 places Volkswagen in Tier C (High), driven primarily by the economic domain (V-ECON: 7.24), which reflects the company’s extensive commercial footprint in Israel, including settlement-enabling bus operations and substantial technology partnerships.

Timeline of Relevant Events

Date Event Source
1965 Champion Motors becomes Volkswagen’s exclusive Israeli importer, replacing Vesra V-ECON 2
2011 Volkswagen AG signs offset agreement with Israel’s Industrial Cooperation Authority, committing to source from 15 Israeli suppliers over six years (€150M) V-MIL 10, V-ECON 8
2016 Volkswagen and former Shin Bet officials co-found CyMotive Technologies (40% VW stake) V-MIL 1415, V-DIG 34, V-ECON 41011
May 2018 Konnect innovation hub opens in Tel Aviv; attended by Israeli Minister Eli Cohen V-DIG 11, V-POL 114
2018 Volkswagen, Mobileye, and Champion Motors announce autonomous ride-hailing joint venture V-DIG 23, V-ECON 17
2019 CEO Herbert Diess announces Volkswagen funding for ADL Berlin office at ADL conference, citing Nazi founding history V-POL 56
2019 European Commission approves Volkswagen-Mobileye-Champion Motors joint venture (Case M.9355) V-ECON 7
2018 Israeli Police purchases two 15-ton MAN trucks for riot control vehicles V-MIL 1, V-ECON 3
2022 Volkswagen extends ADL Berlin funding for three additional years V-POL 7
August 2022 Innoviz signs $4B LiDAR supply contract with Volkswagen V-DIG 1920, V-ECON 56
October 2023 Volkswagen co-signs “Nie wieder ist jetzt” advertisement condemning Hamas attack V-POL 14
June 2024 Automotive Equipment (MAN Israeli importer) submits bid for Israeli Police tender for additional water cannon vehicles with facial recognition V-MIL 1, V-POL 2
December 2024 CARIAD data breach exposes 800,000 EV location data V-DIG 89
May 2026 KPIT Technologies announces acquisition of majority stake in CyMotive V-DIG 5, V-ECON 1415
May 2026 Reports emerge of Volkswagen-Rafael discussions for Iron Dome component production at Osnabrück V-MIL 192021, V-ECON 16, V-POL 1011

Corporate Overview

Group Structure

Volkswagen AG is the parent company of the Volkswagen Group, which operates through multiple brands (Volkswagen, Audi, Škoda, SEAT, CUPRA, Porsche, Bentley, Lamborghini, Ducati) and subsidiaries including MAN Truck & Bus and Scania (both under TRATON SE). The group is incorporated in Germany and governed by a dual-tier structure with a Management Board and Supervisory Board.

Israeli Entities and Franchise Relationships

Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries:
– Konnect with the Volkswagen Group Ltd. — 100% owned innovation hub, Tel Aviv (2018)
– Porsche Digital Israel Ltd. — 100% owned innovation office, Tel Aviv
– Scania Finance Israel Ltd. — 100% owned financial services entity
– SI Orion LP, Doral Tech SI LP — additional VW-owned Israeli entities

Joint Ventures:
– CyMotive Technologies Ltd. (40% VW) — automotive cybersecurity, Herzliya
– ŠKODA AUTO DigiLab Israel Ltd. (50% VW/50% Champion Motors)
– Autonomous Mobility Israel Ltd. (33.33% VW Finance, 33.33% Mobileye, 33.33% Champion Motors)

Franchise Relationship:
– Champion Motors (Israel) Ltd. — exclusive VW Group importer since 1965, wholly owned by Allied Holdings (Allied Group, Israeli conglomerate)

TRATON/MAN Operations

MAN Truck & Bus, a wholly-owned subsidiary through TRATON SE, supplies heavy truck chassis to Israeli security forces. The chassis are modified by Israeli defence contractor Beit Alfa Technologies (now HOS Technology R&D) into armoured water cannon vehicles. MAN also supplies bus chassis to Egged Group, Israel’s largest bus operator, which runs routes to West Bank settlements.

Domain Summaries

V-MIL: Military

Mechanism of Involvement

Volkswagen Group’s military-related involvement operates through three primary mechanisms:

  1. Direct vehicle supply to Israeli security forces: Champion Motors, the exclusive VW importer in Israel, supplies vehicles to the Israeli Ministry of Defence under a personnel leasing programme. Of 10,000 vehicles available to permanent IMOD staff, three of four models are Volkswagen Group brands (Volkswagen, Škoda, Audi) 2. Škoda vehicles supplied to government ministries include police-specification variants with PIT-manoeuvre tubular front bumper reinforcement and AWD patrol vehicles 18.

  2. Tactical vehicle platform supply: MAN Truck & Bus supplies 15-tonne 4×4 truck chassis that serve as the platform for Israeli Police and Border Police armoured water cannon riot control vehicles. These vehicles disperse “Skunk” scent-based weapons, tear gas, paint, and foam. Israeli Police purchased two MAN trucks in 2018 under a tender exemption citing MAN as the sole platform meeting specifications 1. In June 2024, Automotive Equipment (MAN’s Israeli importer) submitted bids for additional dual-drive and water cannon vehicles with facial recognition and laser targeting specifications 1.

  3. Prospective defence manufacturing: Volkswagen AG is in advanced discussions with Rafael Advanced Defense Systems to produce Iron Dome air defence system components at Volkswagen’s Osnabrück plant in Germany. The deal, expected to be finalised by end of 2026, would involve manufacturing heavy-duty transport trucks, launch units, and power generators 192021.

  4. Offset agreement: Volkswagen signed a 2011 bilateral offset agreement with Israel’s Ministry of Industry, Trade and Labour, committing to source components from fifteen Israeli suppliers over six years, including Israel Chemicals Ltd. (ICL), Iscar Ltd., Eltam Ein Hashofet, and Tadir-Gan 10.

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

  • Civilian character of primary contracts: The majority of documented VW vehicle supply to Israeli security forces consists of standard civilian passenger vehicles provided through administrative leasing programmes, not purpose-built military platforms.
  • No direct weapons systems integration: No public evidence identifies Volkswagen Group as a prime contractor, licensed manufacturer, or sub-system supplier for small arms, artillery, armoured fighting vehicles, drones, or naval vessels.
  • Pre-acquisition contracts: The $12 million Navistar Defense contract for 114 medium tactical vehicles to the IDF (2010) predates TRATON SE’s July 2021 acquisition of Navistar 56.
  • No verified end-use monitoring failures: No documented cases of VW vehicles being diverted from stated civilian use to combat roles.
  • Prospective rather than actual: The Iron Dome manufacturing discussions, while significant, had not been finalised as of the research period.

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Entity Role Evidence Type
Champion Motors (Israel) Ltd. Exclusive VW importer; supplies vehicles to IMOD leasing programme Who Profits documentation 2
Israeli Ministry of Defence Recipient of VW vehicles via leasing programme Who Profits 2
MAN Truck & Bus Supplies truck chassis for water cannon vehicles Who Profits 1
Beit Alfa Technologies / HOS Technology R&D Modifies MAN chassis into riot control vehicles Who Profits 1
Israeli Police / Border Police / YASAM End-users of MAN-based water cannon vehicles Who Profits 1
Egged Group Receives MAN bus chassis; operates settlement routes Who Profits 3
Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Prospective Iron Dome manufacturing partner Financial Times reporting 192021
CyMotive Technologies 40% VW-owned joint venture with ex-Shin Bet officials Corporate filings, press reports 1415

V-DIG: Digital

Mechanism of Involvement

Volkswagen’s digital involvement with Israel centres on technology partnerships, investment, and R&D presence:

  1. Cybersecurity joint venture: Volkswagen holds a 40% stake in CyMotive Technologies Ltd., co-founded in 2016 with former Shin Bet Director Yuval Diskin (Executive Chairman), former Shin Bet Technology Division Head Tsafrir Kats (CEO), and former Shin Bet Information Division Head Dr. Tamir Bechor. The venture focuses on automotive cybersecurity for connected and autonomous vehicles 341314. Revenue declined from $42.4M (2023) to $19.2M (2025). KPIT Technologies is acquiring a majority stake in 2026 51112.

  2. Cloud security: Check Point Software Technologies provides its CloudGuard security platform to Volkswagen Financial Services for AWS cloud protection across more than 1,600 accounts and 350 workloads 7.

  3. Autonomous driving technology: Volkswagen maintains a long-term partnership with Mobileye for autonomous driving technology. The 2018 announcement covered autonomous EV ride-hailing deployment in Israel 23. Volkswagen ADMT and MOIA integrated the Mobileye Drive platform into the ID. Buzz AD autonomous shuttle fleet 2225. In 2025, Volkswagen and Uber announced a partnership to deploy autonomous ID. Buzz vehicles on the Uber platform, with Mobileye Drive as the underlying autonomous stack 25.

  4. LiDAR supply contract: CARIAD selected Innoviz Technologies as a direct LiDAR supplier for automated vehicles. The contract value is approximately $4 billion over eight years, covering 5-8 million InnovizTwo LiDAR sensor units beginning in 2025 1920. Each ID. Buzz AD autonomous shuttle is equipped with nine Innoviz LiDAR units 21.

  5. Innovation hub: Konnect Tel Aviv, opened in 2018, provides proof-of-concept financing and engineering access to Israeli startups. Documented engagements include ADASKY (thermal cameras, 2022 PoC), RightHear (accessibility), and Seebo (process AI) 111213.

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

  • No verified defence-sector cybersecurity work: No evidence was identified of CyMotive performing defence-sector cybersecurity work beyond commercial automotive applications 91314.
  • No surveillance technology deployment: No public evidence identifies Volkswagen deploying Israeli-origin biometric technologies (Trigo, BriefCamp, AnyVision, Trax) in manufacturing, retail, or corporate facilities.
  • No direct intelligence agency contracts: No verified contracts between Volkswagen Group as a technology provider and Israeli intelligence agencies.
  • Standard commercial partnerships: The Mobileye, Innoviz, and Check Point relationships represent standard commercial technology supply, not security-sector relationships.
  • No Project Nimbus involvement: Volkswagen’s cloud infrastructure runs on AWS; no documented workload operates within Project Nimbus cloud regions 14.

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Entity Role Evidence Type
CyMotive Technologies Ltd. 40% VW-owned cybersecurity JV with ex-Shin Bet Corporate filings, press reports 34
Check Point Software Technologies Provides CloudGuard to VW Financial Services AWS case study 7
Mobileye Autonomous driving technology partner Press releases 22232425
Innoviz Technologies LiDAR supplier ($4B contract) Press releases, Reuters 1920
Konnect Tel Aviv VW innovation hub Hub website 11
ADASKY Thermal camera PoC winner (2022) Press release 12

V-ECON: Economic

Mechanism of Involvement

Volkswagen’s economic involvement with Israel is the most substantial documented vector:

  1. Subsidiary footprint: Volkswagen operates at least six wholly-owned Israeli subsidiaries (Konnect, Porsche Digital Israel, Scania Finance Israel, SI Orion LP, Doral Tech SI LP, and others) and three joint ventures (CyMotive, ŠKODA AUTO DigiLab Israel, Autonomous Mobility Israel) 2.

  2. Offset procurement commitment: The 2011 offset agreement with Israel’s Industrial Cooperation Authority committed Volkswagen to source approximately €150 million from 15 Israeli industrial companies over six years, including ICL Group, Iscar, Eltam, Foamotive, Palziv, Raval, and Tadir-Gan 8.

  3. Technology supply contracts: The $4 billion Innoviz LiDAR contract represents one of the largest documented technology procurement relationships between Volkswagen and an Israeli company 56. Additional contracts include Electreon (wireless charging), Apollo Power (solar roofs), and Addionics (battery technology) 2.

  4. Settlement-enabling transport: MAN Truck & Bus supplies bus chassis to Egged Group, Israel’s largest bus operator. Egged Ta’avura operates bus lines connecting Israeli cities to settlements in the West Bank, including Gush Etzion, Binyamin, Ma’ale Adumim, Kiryat Arba, Jordan Valley, Shiloh, and Otniel 318.

  5. Government vehicle supply: The Israeli Ministry of Defence provides VW vehicles for military permanent staff through a leasing programme. Of 10,000 leasing vehicles available, three of four models are Volkswagen Group vehicles imported by Champion Motors 2. Volkswagen Passat vehicles are used as traffic vehicles for Israel Police 2.

  6. Prospective defence manufacturing: As noted in V-MIL, Volkswagen is in discussions with Rafael to produce Iron Dome components at Osnabrück 16.

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

  • No agricultural sourcing: Volkswagen does not procure fresh produce from Israeli agricultural exporters; no evidence links VW to date, avocado, citrus, herb, or potato sourcing from settlement-linked farms.
  • No settlement operations in occupied territory: Volkswagen has no manufacturing, assembly, or owned operations in the West Bank or East Jerusalem.
  • Not in UN settlement database: Volkswagen AG, MAN Truck & Bus, and TRATON SE are not named in the UN OHCHR September 2025 update of the business enterprise database on settlements 222324. (Egged is listed.)
  • Offset agreement status unconfirmed: The current status of the 2011 offset agreement—whether renewed, extended, or lapsed—is not confirmed 10.
  • Innovation hubs as cost centres: VW’s Israeli innovation subsidiaries function primarily as R&D and scouting outposts rather than significant revenue generators.

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Entity Role Evidence Type
Champion Motors (Israel) Ltd. Exclusive importer; $1B+ annual wholesale Who Profits 2
Konnect with the Volkswagen Group Ltd. Wholly-owned innovation hub Who Profits 2
Porsche Digital Israel Ltd. Wholly-owned innovation office Who Profits 2
CyMotive Technologies Ltd. 40% JV with ex-Shin Bet Corporate filings 410
Autonomous Mobility Israel Ltd. Trilateral JV (VW/Mobileye/Champion) EC decision 7
Egged Group Receives MAN buses; operates settlement routes Who Profits 3
Innoviz Technologies $4B LiDAR supplier Press releases 56
ICL, Iscar, Eltam, et al. Offset agreement beneficiaries Globes report 8

V-POL: Political

Mechanism of Involvement

Volkswagen’s political involvement with Israel encompasses corporate communications, funding, and institutional relationships:

  1. October 2023 statement: Volkswagen co-signed the “Nie wieder ist jetzt” (Never Again Is Now) advertisement in major German Sunday newspapers, condemning Hamas’s October 7 attack and expressing solidarity with Israel. The statement acknowledged “horror at the suffering of civilians in Israel and Gaza” but did not call for a ceasefire, reference Israeli military operations by name, or invoke international humanitarian law regarding Gaza 14.

  2. ADL funding: In 2019, then-CEO Herbert Diess announced Volkswagen’s commitment of a “low seven-figure” sum over three years to establish the ADL’s first European office in Berlin, citing the company’s Nazi-era founding: “We have more obligation than others… The whole company was built up by the Nazi regime” 56. The partnership was extended in June 2022 for three additional years 7.

  3. No Gaza-related operational changes: Unlike Volkswagen’s response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine (which included a named press release invoking international law and halting Russian production), no equivalent statement invoking international law or operational consequences has been identified for the October 2023–present period 14.

  4. Government partnerships: The Konnect Tel Aviv opening (May 2018) was attended by Eli Cohen, then Israel’s Minister of Economy and Industry. The Mobileye/Champion Motors autonomous vehicle partnership was formally accepted by the Israeli government at the Smart Mobility Summit 14.

  5. Prospective Iron Dome manufacturing: Volkswagen is in discussions with Rafael to produce Iron Dome components at Osnabrück; no final decision has been made but discussions are ongoing 1011.

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

  • No operational cessation: Volkswagen has not halted operations, suspended sales, or divested from Israel in response to the Gaza conflict, unlike its response to Ukraine.
  • No settlement-specific operations: VW has no documented operations in West Bank or East Jerusalem settlements.
  • No direct political lobbying: No evidence identifies VW as lobbying specifically on Israel-Palestine policy in the German Bundestag or EU institutions.
  • No BDS campaign focus: Volkswagen appears on multi-company boycott lists but has not become the principal target of a dedicated major international BDS campaign.
  • No donations to settlement organisations: No public evidence identifies VW corporate donations to Israeli settlement organizations, JNF, or FIDF.

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Entity Role Evidence Type
Anti-Defamation League (ADL) Recipient of VW funding for Berlin office Press reports 567
Herbert Diess (former CEO) Made ADL funding announcement; cited Nazi history Press reports 56
Eli Cohen (former Israeli Minister) Attended Konnect opening Press reports 114
Israeli Government Accepted autonomous vehicle partnership V-POL 14

BDS-1000 Score (V4)

Domain I M P V-Domain Score
V-MIL 4.50 3.50 5.00 1.61
V-DIG 1.50 1.50 1.50 0.07
V-ECON 7.80 6.50 8.00 7.24
V-POL 7.20 6.00 7.50 6.17
  • V_MAX: 7.24 (V-ECON)
  • Sum_OTHERS: 7.85
  • BRS Score: 551
  • Tier: C (High)

The V_MAX of 7.24 in the economic domain reflects Volkswagen’s extensive commercial footprint in Israel: six wholly-owned subsidiaries, three joint ventures, a $4 billion technology supply contract, settlement-enabling bus operations through MAN/Egged, and the prospective Iron Dome manufacturing role. The tier classification as C (High) places Volkswagen in the upper-middle range of the BDS-1000 scale, driven primarily by economic complicity rather than direct military supply.

Methodology Note

  • Evidence-only approach: All factual claims trace to the four domain audits (V-MIL, V-DIG, V-ECON, V-POL). No unverified allegations are included.
  • Scale-free Impact scoring: Each domain scores Impact (I) on activity type, Magnitude (M) on scale, and Proximity (P) on directness. Domain scores are calculated as I × M × P / 25, producing a 0–10 scale.
  • V_MAX methodology: The final BRS score equals V_MAX + Sum(OTHER_V-Domains × 0.25), where V_MAX is the highest individual domain score.
  • Temporal rule: Divested or exited operations are scored as mitigated. The CyMotive pending sale to KPIT is noted but not treated as divested.
  • Entity attribution: Only direct corporate relationships are scored; transitive guilt through customers or suppliers is not applied.
  • Settlement operation dual-counting: MAN chassis supply to Egged for settlement bus routes counts in both V-ECON (economic activity) and V-POL (political dimension of settlement support).
  • “No public evidence identified”: Used where audit checks found no documentation of the relevant activity.

End Notes

  1. https://www.whoprofits.org/companies/company/4094 ↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩

  2. https://www.whoprofits.org/companies/company/7374 ↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩

  3. https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-vw-launches-cyber-security-car-venture-with-former-shin-bet-chiefs-1001152238 ↩↩↩↩↩↩↩

  4. https://www.securityweek.com/volkswagen-israeli-experts-launch-automotive-security-firm ↩↩↩↩↩

  5. https://www.kpit.com/news/kpit-to-acquire-strategic-stake-in-cymotive-strengthening-ai-led-automotive-cybersecurity-capabilities ↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩

  6. https://www.ynetnews.com/business/article/h1tusto0bl ↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩

  7. https://aws.amazon.com/solutions/case-studies/volkswagen-financial-services-case-study ↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩

  8. https://www.pkware.com/blog/data-breach-report-december-2024-edition ↩↩↩↩

  9. https://techcrunch.com/2024/12/30/volkswagen-leak-exposed-precise-location-data-on-thousands-of-vehicles-across-europe-for-months ↩↩

  10. https://www.volkswagen-group.com/en/executive-bodies-15790 ↩↩↩↩↩↩↩

  11. https://www.konnect-vwgroup.com ↩↩↩↩↩↩↩

  12. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/konnect%E2%80%93volkswagen-group-innovation-hub-tlv-and-vw-commercial-vehicles-choose-adasky-as-the-winner-of-its-maas-startup-challenge-301460701.html ↩↩↩

  13. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/konnect%E2%80%93volkswagen-group-innovation-hub-tlv-chose-seebo-as-the-winner-of-its-startups-challenge-300972256.html ↩↩↩

  14. V-POL Audit — internal reference ↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩

  15. https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-1000614982 ↩↩↩

  16. https://www.ft.com/content/1e41e6db-792f-4f60-b567-adb6458fb072 ↩↩

  17. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cariad-se-selects-innoviz-as-direct-lidar-supplier-for-the-segment-of-automated-vehicles-within-the-volkswagen-brands-301597778.html ↩

  18. https://www.timesofisrael.com/israels-innoviz-secures-4b-deal-to-supply-volkswagen-with-lidar-sensors/ ↩↩

  19. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/innoviz-technologies-accelerates-delivery-of-newly-designed-lidar-platform-to-volkswagen-autonomous-mobility-to-equip-a-fleet-of-id-buzz-ad-shuttles-in-2025-302453790.html ↩↩↩↩↩↩

  20. https://www.mobileye.com/news/volkswagen-admt-announces-agreement-with-mobileye-for-autonomous-driving/ ↩↩↩↩↩↩

  21. https://www.volkswagen-group.com/en/press-releases/volkswagen-mobileye-and-champion-motors-to-invest-in-israel-and-deploy-first-autonomous-ev-ride-hailing-service-16586 ↩↩↩↩

  22. https://www.volkswagen-group.com/en/press-releases/automated-driving-volkswagen-group-intensifies-collaboration-with-mobileye-18290 ↩↩↩

  23. https://investor.uber.com/news-events/news/press-release-details/2025/Volkswagen-and-Uber-Launch-Long-Term-Strategic-Partnership-to-Deploy-Autonomous-ID%E2%80%93Buzz-Vehicles-on-the-Uber-Platform ↩↩↩↩

  24. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Nimbus ↩↩

  25. https://www.alhaq.org/publications/26931.html ↩↩↩

  26. https://www.whoprofits.org/companies/company/4065 ↩

  27. https://news.international.com/news?item=345 ↩

  28. https://news.international.com/2021-07-01-TRATON-GROUP-Successfully-Completes-Navistar-Merger-and-Ushers-in-a-New-Era ↩

  29. https://www.scania.com/group/en/home/products-and-services/trucks/transport-operations/defence-solutions.html ↩

  30. https://www.scania.com/group/en/home/newsroom/press-releases/press-release-detail-page.html/4288242- ↩

  31. https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-building-a-security-concept-for-volkswagen-cars-1001299019 ↩

  32. https://www.volkswagen-group.com/en/press-releases/computer-vision-to-make-production-within-the-volkswagen-group-even-more-efficient-16696 ↩

  33. https://www.volkswagen-group.com/en/press-releases/more-efficient-smarter-more-resilient-volkswagen-group-collaborates-with-aws-to-help-transform-production-for-the-age-of-ai-19774 ↩

  34. https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/industries/how-volkswagen-and-aws-built-end-end-mlops-for-digital-production-platform/ ↩

  35. https://www.cnbc.com/2022/08/02/innoviz-wins-4-billion-dollar-volkswagen-lidar-contract.html ↩

  36. https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/lidar-maker-innoviz-signs-4-bln-supply-deal-with-volkswagen-2022-08-02/ ↩

  37. https://ec.europa.eu/competition/mergers/cases/decisions/m9355_73_3.pdf ↩

  38. https://www.cymotive.com/ ↩

  39. https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/business/2016-09-14/ty-article/volkswagen-sets-up-cyber-security-firm-with-ex-shin-bet-chief/0000017f-ef87-d0f7-a9ff-efc764e90000 ↩

  40. https://www.porsche-se.com/en/investments ↩

  41. https://www.porsche-se.com/fileadmin/downloads/investorrelations/mandatorypublications/annualreport-24/PSE2024_Annual_Report_en.pdf ↩

  42. https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-indian-co-kpit-to-acquire-israeli-startup-cymotive-1001542240 ↩

  43. https://www.vccircle.com/kpittech-to-acquire-israeli-cybersecurity-firm-cymotive ↩

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