Bershka ECONOMIC

Request ID: ce9bd47a-d0eb-4f02-b027-40328a6a2ccb Research cut-off: 9 October 2026 Target boundary: Bershka, an Inditex fashion concept/brand. Parent-company Inditex evidence is labelled as group evidence; Israeli franchise/operator evidence is labelled as local-operator evidence; Zara-only conduct is not attributed to Bershka.

Authoritative-source screening and attribution

2026 - current corporate/legal identity. Bershka’s Israeli terms state that Daniel Gottex Ltd, Israeli company no. 514312115 at 1 Yonathan Netanyahu St., Or Yehuda, is authorized by Inditex group company ITX Merken B.V. to offer, distribute and sell Bershka products through the Israeli website and is the importer of all products offered there.¹ The Israeli privacy notice names GOTTEX MUTAGIM – REGISTERED PARTNERSHIP and ITX MERKEN B.V. as controllers; these names are retained separately from Daniel Gottex Ltd in the purchase terms, without assuming legal identity.^{2, 1} The independently retrieved purchase terms disclose that local seller and company number.¹

2026 - corporate group boundary. Inditex’s FY2025 consolidated accounts list the parent in A Coruña, Spain; Bershka subsidiaries for retail/design/logistics in Spain and other non-Israeli jurisdictions; and ITX Merken B.V. as a 100%-owned Amsterdam services company. No Israel-domiciled Inditex or Bershka subsidiary appears in the consolidated group-composition annex.³ Inditex’s current brand page identifies Bershka as one of its brands; headquarters and legal-entity locations are taken from the audited accounts.^{4, 3}

2026 - OHCHR settlement database. The September 2026 update A/HRC/63/20 lists 214 enterprises within the Human Rights Council’s defined settlement-activity mandate. Exact-name checks of the report did not identify Bershka, Inditex, Daniel Gottex or Gottex.⁵ This is only a database-screening result; the report is not a list of every company that trades in Israel.

2025 - UN Special Rapporteur report. Targeted searches of A/HRC/59/23, From economy of occupation to economy of genocide, did not identify a named Bershka or Inditex entry.⁶ no public evidence identified from that report of a target-specific settlement, resource, agribusiness, finance or occupation-tourism relationship.

2025 - civil-society pressure, attribution limited. The Palestinian BDS National Committee’s 24 July 2025 statement names Bershka among Inditex’s brands that operate in Israel, while expressly making Zara the primary focus of that strategic boycott campaign.⁷ The statement is retained as evidence of the campaign position and notice to the parent group; its allegations are not treated here as independent proof of Bershka-specific conduct.

Supply Chain & Sourcing Relationships

Direct supplier relationships

2025. Inditex reports a global manufacturing network of 6,684 factories in 49 markets and extensive traceability/social/environmental auditing, but its public 2025 summary does not provide a Bershka-specific supplier list for Israel.⁸ A 2022 Inditex supplier disclosure likewise reported 1,729 direct suppliers and 8,271 factories across 50 markets, with 49% of garment factories concentrated in Spain, Portugal, Morocco or Turkey; it did not establish an Israel-specific Bershka supplier relationship.⁹

No public evidence identified of a verified Bershka relationship with Mehadrin, Hadiklaim, Galilee Export, Agrexco successors, or another named Israeli agricultural aggregator/exporter. No public evidence identified of Israeli-origin dates, avocados, citrus, herbs, potatoes or other produce in Bershka’s supply chain. Bershka’s target product range is apparel/accessories, and the Israel-specific primary evidence reviewed concerns import and retail of Bershka merchandise rather than agricultural sourcing.^{1, 4}

Importer of record structure

Current/ongoing in 2026. Daniel Gottex Ltd is the expressly identified importer for all products offered on Bershka’s Israeli website and the entity authorized by ITX Merken B.V. to distribute and sell those products online in Israel.¹ The legal notice discloses the company identifier and Or Yehuda address; the separate registry-aggregator filing claim could not be independently retrieved and is not relied upon.¹

Current franchise/retail relationship. Aquilon’s official portfolio presents Bershka as an Israeli retail brand and reports 17 stores on its undated current page.¹⁰ The 2025 employee-representative report separately identifies the Schwebel/Trimera franchise group.¹¹ This is operator-level evidence, distinct from Inditex’s consolidated subsidiaries.

Seasonal sourcing patterns

No public evidence identified of recurring or counter-seasonal procurement by Bershka from Israeli suppliers. The reviewed corporate supply-chain material does not disclose a Bershka-Israel seasonal sourcing program.^{8, 9}

Third-party and indirect sourcing

Current/ongoing in 2026. The verified third-party structure is distribution/import and retail: Daniel Gottex Ltd imports and sells Bershka products in Israel under authorization from ITX Merken B.V.¹ no public evidence identified that Israeli-origin goods enter Bershka’s global merchandise assortment via an Israeli reseller, white-label manufacturer or indirect supplier.

[pre-2020] Historical continuity. In 2010, Ynet reported Gottex Brands opening the first Bershka store in Israel; in 2012, Ynet/Calcalist described the Schwebel-owned Zara Israel group as an Inditex franchisee operating Zara, Pull&Bear, Bershka and Massimo Dutti.^{12, 13} These sources establish historical local franchise operation; current legal identity is taken from the 2026 Bershka legal material rather than assumed from the older ownership descriptions.

Product Origin, Labeling & Regulatory Compliance

Settlement-origin products

No public evidence identified of Bershka merchandise confirmed or credibly reported as originating in a West Bank settlement, occupied East Jerusalem settlement, Jordan Valley settlement enterprise, or the occupied Syrian Golan. Bershka/Inditex, Daniel Gottex and Gottex were not identified by exact-name review of the current 2026 OHCHR settlement-business database.⁵

Labeling compliance

No public evidence identified of a customs, consumer-protection, DEFRA, EU, Israeli or other regulatory enforcement action against Bershka for mislabeling settlement-origin goods as products of Israel. No target-specific labeling violation was identified in the authoritative-source and regulatory searches performed.

Corporate labeling policy

No public evidence identified of a Bershka or Inditex policy specifically governing product-origin labeling for occupied or contested territories. The current Israel terms address seller/importer identity and consumer transactions, not a settlement-origin labeling policy.¹

Settlement retail/service nexus

2026. Inditex’s current accounts report stores at the market level as Israel, without store-by-store addresses.³ The dynamic brand locator could not be independently retrieved by the provenance finalizer. Targeted place-name searches found no verified Bershka storefront in a West Bank settlement, occupied East Jerusalem settlement or the occupied Syrian Golan. No public evidence identified, with the limitation that a complete address-level geospatial audit remains unavailable.

Investment, Capital & Financial Exposure

Foreign direct investment

2026. Inditex’s consolidated-subsidiary annex contains no Israel-domiciled Inditex/Bershka operating company; Bershka’s Israeli commerce is instead documented through the independent Daniel Gottex seller/importer structure.^{3, 1} no public evidence identified of a Bershka/Inditex-owned Israeli factory, data centre, logistics hub, office, warehouse or real-estate holding.

Acquired Israeli subsidiaries. No public evidence identified of Bershka or Inditex having acquired, or currently holding a controlling stake in, an Israeli operating company. The FY2025 group-composition annex identifies the consolidated companies and does not list an Israel-domiciled Bershka/Inditex subsidiary.³ Consequently, no acquisition price, Israeli manufacturing location, Israeli subsidiary workforce/revenue scale, market position, or IDF/defence/settlement nexus is applicable on the evidence found.

R&D and innovation centres

No public evidence identified of a Bershka or Inditex R&D centre, accelerator, innovation lab or technology-development office in Israel.³

Parent-level technology supplier exposure, attribution limited. In April 2026 Reuters reported that Inditex disclosed unauthorized access to transaction databases hosted by a former technology provider.¹⁴ Have I Been Pwned records a Zara dataset exposed in the same campaign and states that the attacker linked the breach to compromise of the Anodot analytics platform.¹⁵ Anodot currently identifies its headquarters as Petah Tikva, Israel,¹⁶ and Glassbox announced its acquisition of Anodot in November 2025.¹⁷ This establishes a former Inditex/Zara-related commercial technology link to an Israeli-headquartered supplier; no public evidence identified that Bershka customer data or Bershka-specific systems were handled by Anodot, so the relationship is not attributed directly to Bershka.

Parent and beneficial ownership flows

2026. Inditex’s governance report identifies founder Amancio Ortega Gaona as beneficial owner of 59.294% of Inditex through Pontegadea Inversiones and Partler Participaciones; Sandra Ortega Mera holds 5.053%.¹⁸ No Israeli shareholder is identified as controlling Bershka/Inditex in that disclosure.¹⁸

No public evidence identified of a material direct investment by Bershka, Inditex, Amancio Ortega/Pontegadea, Partler or the other named controlling family shareholder in an Israeli operating company, Israeli sovereign debt or an Israel-focused investment fund. The public filings reviewed disclose the controlling interests in Inditex but no such Israel-specific portfolio exposure.¹⁸

Portfolio and fund exposure / Financing the State

Bershka/Inditex is an operating retailer rather than a financial-sector target. No public evidence identified of underwriting or lead-arranging Israeli sovereign/war bonds, selling Israel Bonds, insuring Israeli state/military/settlement operations, or providing direct lending/trade-finance facilities to an OHCHR-listed settlement company or Israeli defence prime.^{3, 5} no public evidence identified of a disclosed corporate portfolio holding in Israeli sovereign bonds or an Israel-focused fund.

Local-operator capital activity

[pre-2020] 2012. The Schwebel-owned Zara Israel group, described at the time as Inditex’s Israeli franchisee operating Bershka and other Inditex chains, acquired the Gap Israel franchise for NIS 40 million, including approximately NIS 26 million for five stores and NIS 14 million for stock.¹³ This was an investment by the independent Israeli franchise group, not by Bershka or Inditex.

Operational Presence & Market Activity

Physical footprint

31 January 2026. Inditex’s FY2025 consolidated director’s report records 15 Bershka stores in Israel. The same table records 92 Inditex-brand stores in Israel: 24 Zara, 24 Pull&Bear, 3 Massimo Dutti, 15 Bershka, 18 Stradivarius, 2 Oysho, 4 Zara Home and 2 Lefties.³

31 January 2025. Inditex’s FY2024 results recorded 14 Bershka stores and 82 group stores in Israel.¹⁹ Thus Bershka’s reported store count increased by one and the group estate by ten between 31 January 2025 and 31 January 2026.^{3, 19} Modaes independently described Israel as Inditex’s second-largest net store-expansion market in FY2025 and reported 15 Bershka stores within the 92-store group estate.²⁰

Current continuity evidence. Independently retrieved Bershka legal notices, corporate accounts and the operator portfolio establish ongoing retail activity in Israel.^{1, 3, 10} The historical temporary-closure count from a blocked news source is not relied upon in this verified record.

Constructive-notice chronology

Post-19 July 2024 and post-November 2024. The corporate store tables show 14 Bershka stores in Israel at 31 January 2025 and 15 at 31 January 2026, while the overall Inditex Israel estate rose from 82 to 92 during the same period.^{19, 3} These figures document continued and expanded commercial activity after the July and November 2024 legal milestones specified by this audit protocol; they do not by themselves establish when the additional Bershka store opened.

2025 workforce/civil-society notice. In October 2025 Ynetnews/Calcalist reported that Inditex’s European Works Council had asked management to terminate the Israel franchise relationship and that management had forwarded the request upward but had not publicly responded at that time; the report stated that 82 Inditex stores in Israel at end-2024 were operated under franchise agreements.¹¹ The BDS National Committee had separately announced a Zara-focused boycott in July 2025 and explicitly named Bershka among the Inditex brands operating in Israel.⁷

Employment and tax contribution

No public evidence identified of a Bershka-Israel employee count, direct Inditex employee count in Israel, or Bershka/Inditex Israel-specific corporate tax amount. The verified local seller/importer is an Israeli registered company, Daniel Gottex Ltd.¹ Inditex’s 2025 report discloses a global tax contribution of €9.9 billion but does not separately disclose an Israel amount.⁸

Market positioning

No public evidence identified of an Inditex annual-report narrative that characterises Israel specifically as a “strategic hub,” “growth market” or similar category. The filing presents Israel in the market-by-market store table.³ Independently, Modaes reported that Israel ranked second among Inditex markets for net store openings in FY2025.²⁰

Corporate Structure & Foundational Ties

Founding and incorporation history

Corporate origin. The current Inditex brand portfolio and FY2025 consolidated accounts identify Bershka as part of the Spanish Inditex group, with its principal design/logistics entities in Spain.^{4, 3} no public evidence identified of Israeli founding or original incorporation. The exact 1998 founding-date claim from the blocked brand profile is not used in this independently retrievable audit.

[pre-2020] Israeli franchise history. A December 2002 Globes report said an acquisition of the Zara Israel franchise included Inditex brand rights including Pull&Bear and future Bershka operations; the transaction was conducted through the local Generique group and involved Joey Schwebel and Dan Elituv alongside Africa Israel at that time.²¹ In 2010 Ynet reported Gottex Brands opening the first Bershka store in Israel.¹² These historical structures are not assumed to be the current ownership structure; the current local legal entity is Daniel Gottex Ltd and the current operator portfolio includes Bershka and a 2025 report identifies the Schwebel/Trimera franchise group.^{1, 10, 11}

Headquarters and domicile

Current 2026. The FY2025 accounts locate Inditex’s parent in A Coruña and Bershka’s principal design/logistics entities in Spain.³ Daniel Gottex Ltd’s Israel address is in Or Yehuda.¹

Israeli-Nexus Floor factors

• Founded in Israel: no public evidence identified of Israeli founding; the documented target is a brand of the Spanish Inditex group.^{4, 3}
• HQ/principal management in Israel: no public evidence identified; current corporate information places group headquarters and Bershka group entities in Spain, with an independent Israeli seller/importer in Or Yehuda.^{4, 3, 1}
• Israeli tax residency/PTE status: no public evidence identified for Bershka or Inditex.
• Beneficial ownership/control by Israeli capital: No. Current Inditex governance identifies Amancio Ortega’s Spanish holding structure as the controlling interest; no Israeli controlling shareholder is disclosed.¹⁸

State and institutional linkages

No public evidence identified of Israeli state ownership in Bershka/Inditex, Israeli government-appointed directors, designation of Bershka/Inditex as Israeli critical national infrastructure, or a target-specific Israeli state contract.^{3, 18}

Structural governance features

No public evidence identified of a golden share, charter restriction, state veto or other governance mechanism tying Bershka/Inditex to the Israeli state or Israeli public-policy objectives. Inditex’s 2025 governance report instead describes a listed Spanish company with a controlling shareholder, Amancio Ortega, through Pontegadea/Partler.¹⁸

Military/security relationship

No public evidence identified of Bershka or Inditex as a supplier to the IDF, Israeli Ministry of Defense, an Israeli defence prime, military-intelligence unit or military/security procurement program. No public evidence identified of a Bershka-specific reservist salary subsidy or military-leave policy. The franchisee’s separate political conduct was not treated as a Bershka corporate act.

Profit Repatriation & Economic Contribution

Revenue attribution

FY2025. Inditex reported €39.9 billion in group revenue, but its public current reporting does not break out Israel-specific revenue for Bershka or for the group.⁸ The market table establishes a physical Bershka retail presence of 15 stores in Israel, but no public evidence identified of the corresponding Bershka Israel sales or profit figure.³

Profit flows

The current legal structure establishes that Daniel Gottex Ltd is the Israeli seller/importer for Bershka online commerce and that authorization comes from ITX Merken B.V., an Inditex group company in the Netherlands.^{1, 3} no public evidence identified of the applicable franchise royalty rate, license fee, transfer-pricing terms, Israel-specific remittance amount or net profit flow. Accordingly, the direction and magnitude of Bershka-specific profit repatriation cannot be quantified from public evidence reviewed.

Economic ecosystem role

Current/ongoing 2026. Bershka participates in the Israeli retail economy through 15 reported stores and an Israeli seller/importer.^{3, 1} The current Aquilon operator portfolio lists Bershka among its retail brands and states 17 Israeli stores; this undated count is not equated with the dated corporate count of 15.¹⁰ no public evidence identified of an Israeli government or industry-body designation of Bershka itself as a key national employer, sector anchor or critical infrastructure provider.

[pre-2020] Franchise-network scale. In 2019 Globes described Joey Schwebel’s Gottex Brands group as holder of the Israeli franchise for Zara and other Inditex brands and reported 79 Inditex stores in Israel at that time.²² This historical evidence is consistent with a long-running local franchise model; current store scale is taken from the 2026 corporate filing.³

Current status of the commercial relationship

Ongoing as of the research cut-off. Independently retrieved Bershka purchase terms identify Daniel Gottex Ltd as the Israeli seller/importer.¹ Inditex reports 15 Bershka stores at 31 January 2026, while Aquilon’s current undated portfolio reports 17; the counting/date discrepancy remains unresolved.^{3, 10} no public evidence identified of termination of the Bershka Israel commercial relationship by 9 October 2026.