Booking Holdings ECONOMIC

Target: Booking Holdings Inc. Audit phase: Economic Research date: 26 October 2026 Scope: Israel, occupied West Bank including East Jerusalem, occupied Syrian Golan and relevant international corporate relationships.

Supply Chain & Sourcing Relationships

Business model and commercial counterparties

Booking Holdings’ 2025 Form 10-K describes a business primarily generating revenue through online travel reservation services, including merchant transactions, agency transactions and advertising-related services. Accommodation providers and other travel businesses supply services offered through its platforms.¹

Booking.com B.V. operates an accommodation reservation platform that enables participating accommodation providers to make accommodation available to travellers. Its legal disclosures distinguish the platform operator from locally incorporated support companies.²

Settlement accommodation suppliers

[pre-2020] Human Rights Watch and Kerem Navot documented 26 accommodation properties listed by Booking.com in Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank, excluding East Jerusalem, on 25 July 2018. Their investigation identified properties in Ofra, Ma’ale Adumim and other settlements and examined land-status records associated with those properties. This is historical evidence; the status of each individual 2018 listing in 2026 is unknown.³

[pre-2020] Amnesty International documented 45 settlement accommodation providers listed by Booking.com in September 2018, including 11 hotels, six of which had more than 50 rooms. Its longitudinal comparison recorded two settlement listings in 2010. The historical increase is documented; continuity of individual listings from that period is unknown.⁴

Who Profits’ company profile, valid through 30 November 2024, documented 24 accommodation listings across 12 occupied West Bank settlements, seven listings in the occupied East Jerusalem settlement neighbourhoods of Pisgat Ze’ev and Ramat Shlomo, and 152 listings in 28 occupied Syrian Golan settlements. These are location-specific findings from the reporting period, rather than independently verified live counts for October 2026.⁵

The Guardian’s investigation published on 27 February 2025 identified 52 Booking.com listings in Israeli settlements across the occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, in its August 2024 dataset. Its findings provide independently reported evidence of settlement-related accommodation marketing after 19 July 2024.⁶

Commercial mechanism and third-party involvement

Booking.com’s published legal terms identify Booking.com B.V. as the entity rendering its online reservation service and explain that local support companies provide internal support rather than operating the booking platform. The accommodation providers remain separate commercial participants.²

[pre-2020] Amnesty International documented direct communications between the Israeli support company’s employees and local accommodation providers, including those operating in settlements. The identified support activities included advice on promoting listings and checking accommodation information. Whether each documented interaction continued after 2019 is unknown.⁴

Agricultural supplier relationships

Direct commercial procurement relationships with Mehadrin, Hadiklaim, Galilee Export, Agrexco successors or other Israeli agricultural aggregators: no public evidence identified.

Specific procurement of dates, avocados, citrus, herbs, potatoes or other Israeli agricultural produce: no public evidence identified.

Importer of record

A Booking Holdings-owned Israeli goods-importing entity, import joint venture or dedicated importer-of-record structure: no public evidence identified.

Seasonal procurement

Recurring seasonal procurement from Israeli suppliers, including December–April counter-seasonal fresh-produce sourcing: no public evidence identified.

Indirect physical-goods sourcing

Documented Israeli-origin goods procured through third-party wholesalers, distributors, white-label suppliers or resellers: no public evidence identified.

The Guardian’s investigation of 14 May 2026 identified a Booking.com accommodation listing in Neve Daniel, an Israeli settlement southwest of Bethlehem, on land previously farmed by three generations of the Palestinian Al-Sbeih family. The accompanying Ekō investigation independently documented 41 Booking.com accommodation listings across 14 Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem. The identified properties included hotels, private apartments, holiday villages, glamping facilities and individual guest accommodation. These findings provide additional property-specific evidence of Booking.com’s commercial relationships with settlement accommodation providers during the 2026 reporting period.^{7, 8}

Ekō’s investigation identified two Booking.com listings in Neve Daniel. Researchers linked one property, advertised as “Mountain View” (נוף הרים), to land registered to the Al-Sbeih family. The accommodation was marketed as a suite or bed-and-breakfast for approximately US$170 per night and had at least one guest review dated July 2024. The report reproduced a Booking.com listing screenshot, satellite imagery, geospatial mapping and an archival land-registration extract. These materials establish a documented property-level connection between an identifiable commercial accommodation listing and land subject to a Palestinian family’s ownership claim.⁸

Product Origin, Labeling & Regulatory Compliance

Accommodation location classification

[pre-2020] Human Rights Watch’s November 2018 investigation identified Booking.com accommodation listings in occupied West Bank settlements that represented their location as Israel. Its detailed property analysis included settlement accommodation on land classified by Israeli authorities as privately owned Palestinian land or land subsequently designated for Israeli settlement use.³

[pre-2020] Amnesty International’s January 2019 investigation documented inconsistent identification of settlement accommodation locations across online tourism platforms, including Booking.com. It examined listings, geographic classifications and the relationship between tourism promotion and settlement economies.⁹

Who Profits’ November 2024 profile reported that Booking.com used the location description “Palestinian Territory, Israeli Settlement” for certain occupied West Bank properties, while identifying listings in occupied East Jerusalem and the occupied Syrian Golan as being located in Israel. The profile specifically identified Pisgat Ze’ev as a location where such classification occurred.⁵

Corporate policy

Booking Holdings’ Human Rights Statement, dated 14 April 2022, recognises that listings in disputed, occupied or conflict-affected areas may create or exacerbate human-rights impacts and states that the company will conduct heightened due diligence and consider appropriate action where its listings are linked to negative impacts.¹⁰

Booking Holdings’ published Human Rights FAQ explains its case-by-case approach to accommodation in high-risk and occupied territories, including enhanced due diligence and providing consumers with information intended to support informed travel decisions.¹¹

Booking Holdings’ dedicated human-rights webpage continues to make its corporate Human Rights Statement and associated guidance available.¹²

Regulatory findings

A verified DEFRA, UK customs or comparable regulatory enforcement finding that Booking Holdings improperly labelled physical goods from Israeli settlements: no public evidence identified.

An identified government customs penalty involving Israeli-origin agricultural products handled by Booking Holdings: no public evidence identified.

A public corporate policy specifically regulating the country-of-origin labelling of physical goods sourced from settlements: no public evidence identified.

Accommodation disclosure and enforcement

A publicly verified settlement-specific monetary fine imposed on Booking Holdings by a national regulator for inaccurate accommodation location labels: no public evidence identified.

A complete, independently verified October 2026 audit of the location labels displayed on every Booking.com settlement listing: no public evidence identified.

The Guardian’s May 2026 investigation reported that Booking.com’s settlement-related location warning appeared in small print when users searched for a settlement by name but was absent from individual accommodation property pages. The warning referred to areas that might be considered conflict-affected and advised travellers to consult government travel guidance. Ekō’s Neve Daniel case study similarly reported that the Mountain View listing did not disclose the Palestinian ownership claim concerning the land beneath the property. These findings document the limitations of settlement-location and property-specific land-dispute disclosures observed in the investigations; they do not establish that a regulatory authority had found Booking.com liable for misleading accommodation labelling.^{7, 8}

Investment, Capital & Financial Exposure

Corporate investment structure

Booking Holdings’ subsidiary disclosure as of 31 December 2025 identifies Booking.com B.V., Agoda Company Pte. Ltd., KAYAK Software Corporation, OpenTable Inc. and related entities as wholly owned group subsidiaries. The exhibit excludes individually insignificant subsidiaries and therefore is not a complete enumeration of all locally incorporated operating companies.¹³

Booking.com’s offices directory identifies Booking.com Israel Online Hotel Reservations Ltd. as an Israeli group company. This establishes an incorporated Israeli operating presence, although the directory does not disclose its capitalisation, original establishment date or acquisition consideration.¹⁴

[pre-2020] Amnesty International described the Israeli support company as a wholly owned Booking.com subsidiary operating from Tel Aviv, with staff assisting accommodation providers including those in settlements.⁴

Acquired Israeli operating subsidiaries

The specifically identified Israeli operating entity is Booking.com Israel Online Hotel Reservations Ltd. Publicly examined sources establish its relationship to Booking.com but do not establish a separately priced third-party acquisition, an acquisition date, manufacturing operations, standalone revenue or employee totals.¹⁴

Additional identifiable Israeli companies acquired by Booking Holdings through a disclosed controlling-stake transaction: no public evidence identified.

Documented Israeli manufacturing plants owned by the group: no public evidence identified.

Acquired Israeli defence manufacturers, military technology companies or critical-infrastructure operating companies: no public evidence identified.

Research and development

Booking.com’s careers directory identifies an office in Tel Aviv among its global office locations. It does not identify that office specifically as an Israeli R&D centre.¹⁵

A publicly verified Israeli research laboratory, technology accelerator, government-sponsored innovation programme or dedicated R&D facility controlled by Booking Holdings: no public evidence identified.

Financial scale

Booking Holdings reported approximately $186.1 billion in gross bookings and $26.9 billion in consolidated revenue for the year ended 31 December 2025. These are worldwide consolidated figures and do not identify Israeli or settlement-specific transaction values.¹⁶

Booking Holdings’ financial reporting identifies merchant, agency and advertising-related revenue streams. These establish the group’s general commercial revenue mechanisms but do not disclose commission revenue attributable specifically to Israeli settlements.¹

Financing the Israeli state

Booking Holdings’ underwriting or lead-arranging of Israeli sovereign debt, including war bonds: no public evidence identified.

Direct purchase, distribution or sale of Development Corporation for Israel bonds: no public evidence identified.

Material direct lending to Israeli defence contractors, settlement businesses or Israeli government agencies: no public evidence identified.

Insurance underwriting of Israeli military, state or settlement-related activities: no public evidence identified.

Disclosed treasury holdings in Israeli government bonds or dedicated Israel-focused investment funds: no public evidence identified.

Institutional shareholders

Booking Holdings’ 2025 proxy statement identifies institutional shareholdings including Vanguard Group and BlackRock. Such holdings represent investment-manager interests in Booking Holdings and do not themselves establish that Booking Holdings owns the managers’ other portfolio investments.¹⁷

Documented direct investments in Israeli companies by Booking Holdings’ controlling executives, directors or their identified family-office vehicles: no public evidence identified.

Shareholder and institutional scrutiny

The November 2025 Don’t Buy Into Occupation report included Booking Holdings among companies examined for involvement in settlement-related economic activity and identified the group as appearing in the updated UN settlement-business database.¹⁸

AFSC Investigate independently identifies Booking Holdings as a US travel technology company whose Booking.com subsidiary lists accommodation in occupied Palestinian and Syrian territories.¹⁹

Booking Holdings’ subsidiary Agoda explicitly confirms that the group acquired Qlika, an Israeli technology start-up, in 2014 and subsequently merged it into Agoda. Agoda’s official corporate history identifies both the acquisition and the integration. Its published biography of chief executive Omri Morgenshtern independently confirms that he co-founded Qlika, which specialised in online marketing optimisation, and that Booking Holdings acquired the company in 2014. Booking Holdings’ own executive leadership directory corroborates these facts. This primary corporate evidence directly corrects the existing Economic statement, “Additional identifiable Israeli companies acquired by Booking Holdings through a disclosed controlling-stake transaction: no public evidence identified.” The acquisition is established, although the examined corporate disclosures do not specify its purchase consideration, acquired equity percentage or independently continuing corporate status.^{20, 21, 22}

Booking.com also acquired Evature, an Israeli travel technology company specialising in natural-language processing, conversational search and chatbot technology, in 2017. Contemporary reporting published on 14 September 2017 documents the transaction and quotes a Booking.com spokesperson confirming that the acquisition supported research and development. The report identifies Evature as a Tel Aviv-based business and states that the transaction’s financial terms were undisclosed. Israeli technology-industry database IVC separately identifies Evature Technologies Ltd. as acquired by Booking.com B.V. and records an August 2017 acquisition date, although this database constitutes independent industry documentation rather than a primary corporate filing. These records provide further grounds to correct the existing Economic statement that no additional Israeli acquisitions were identified. The examined Booking Holdings corporate history and subsidiary filings do not independently enumerate Evature, so its acquisition has a different evidentiary basis from Agoda’s explicit corporate confirmation of Qlika.^{23, 24, 25, 13}

Operational Presence & Market Activity

Israeli offices

Booking.com’s published offices directory identifies the Israeli support company as Booking.com Israel Online Hotel Reservations Ltd.¹⁴

Booking.com’s careers directory identifies Tel Aviv among the company’s office locations, establishing a publicly advertised Israeli physical presence in the contemporary corporate directory.¹⁵

[pre-2020] Amnesty International’s 2019 investigation described an operational support function in Tel Aviv with employees communicating directly with accommodation providers, including those located in settlements.⁴

Operating model

Booking.com’s legal disclosures distinguish the Amsterdam-based platform operator from local support companies. The latter support Booking.com B.V. internally and do not themselves provide the customer-facing booking service.²

AFSC Investigate identifies accommodation commissions as part of Booking.com’s commercial model and documents the platform’s historical presence in Israeli settlements in the occupied Palestinian and Syrian territories.¹⁹

Documented settlement locations

Human Rights Watch’s July 2018 investigation identified accommodation listings in settlements including Ofra, Ma’ale Adumim, Almog and other occupied West Bank locations. Its analysis included land classification and access restrictions affecting Palestinian residents.³

Who Profits’ November 2024 profile identified settlement accommodation listings in Geva Binyamin, Ma’ale Adumim, Shadmot Mehola, Mitzpe Shalem, Neve Daniel, Ovnat, Kalia, Almog, Vered Yeriho, Kfar Adumim and Giv’at Ze’ev, as well as occupied East Jerusalem and Golan locations.⁵

The February 2025 Guardian investigation established that Booking.com settlement listings were present in an August 2024 dataset, demonstrating documented commercial activity after the International Court of Justice advisory opinion of 19 July 2024.⁶

Constructive-notice chronology

[pre-2020] Human Rights Watch published its property-level investigation on 20 November 2018, documenting concerns about accommodation listings on settlement land and including Booking.com’s response.³

[pre-2020] Amnesty International publicly identified Booking.com’s settlement accommodation operations and raised associated legal and human-rights concerns on 30 January 2019.²⁶

Amnesty International’s February 2020 response to the UN settlement-business database expressly identified Booking.com among digital tourism platforms previously examined for settlement-related activities.²⁷

Booking Holdings’ April 2022 Human Rights Statement acknowledged the potential negative impacts associated with accommodation listings in occupied and conflict-affected territories and committed to enhanced due diligence.¹⁰

The 2024 listing data published by The Guardian in February 2025 demonstrates continuing documented settlement accommodation advertising after 19 July 2024. The investigation’s underlying August 2024 dataset does not independently establish that each identified listing remained active after the November 2024 ICC arrest warrants.⁶

Who Profits’ company profile, with information valid through 30 November 2024, independently documents settlement-related accommodation listings during the period encompassing November 2024.⁵

Workforce and tax registrations

A reliable public headcount for Booking.com Israel Online Hotel Reservations Ltd.: no public evidence identified.

Israeli subsidiary corporation-tax payments, VAT remittances or payroll-tax totals: no public evidence identified.

Israeli Preferred Technology Enterprise registration or related tax concession: no public evidence identified.

A documented Booking Holdings policy providing additional compensation to Israeli military reservists: no public evidence identified.

Market positioning

Booking Holdings’ 2025 annual report presents its business as a global online travel services group rather than supplying a separately identified Israeli segment within the examined reporting disclosures.¹

A quantified Israeli market share, country-level gross booking value or management statement identifying Israel as a strategic global growth hub: no public evidence identified.

Government and military customers

An identifiable contract directly supplying travel services to the Israel Defense Forces or Israeli Ministry of Defense: no public evidence identified.

A verified Israeli government procurement contract, tender award or military travel-services framework agreement: no public evidence identified.

Direct operation of hotels, warehouses, logistics centres or retail premises inside Israeli settlements: no public evidence identified.

The 14 May 2026 Guardian investigation, supported by Ekō’s property-level research, identified 41 Booking.com listings across 14 settlements in the occupied West Bank and East Jerusalem. Ekō grouped these properties into two principal geographical concentrations: the Jordan Valley and Dead Sea area, including Kalia, Almog, Ovnat, Mitzpe Shalem and Vered Yericho; and the Jerusalem settlement area, including Neve Daniel, Ma’ale Adumim, Kfar Adumim, Pisgat Ze’ev, French Hill and locations within Jerusalem’s Old City. The report’s appendix provides individual property names, settlement classifications, advertised nightly prices and recorded guest-review totals. These figures describe the investigated sample rather than an exhaustive census of all Booking.com accommodation in occupied territory.^{7, 8}

Ekō’s Neve Daniel investigation used a property-specific geospatial methodology. Researchers obtained the geographical coordinates of the Booking.com accommodation listing and plotted them using Geomolg, a mapping tool incorporating historical land-record layers. The location corresponded to parcel number 13. Researchers then cross-referenced that parcel with the land registry maintained by the Al-Khader municipality, identifying Abdel Qader Ibrahim Al-Sbeih and Khadr Ismail Al-Sbeih as the original registered owners. They subsequently located Mohammad Al-Sbeih, a descendant holding formal legal title to the land, and interviewed him about the family’s historical agricultural use and continuing inability to access the property. The report reproduces the property location, mapping overlay and archival ownership record, providing a traceable methodology for its property-specific allegation.⁸

The Guardian separately interviewed Mohammad Al-Sbeih, who described his family’s cultivation of wheat and barley on approximately five hectares of terraced farmland near Bethlehem. According to his account, Israeli authorities seized the property in 1982 on national-security grounds, and the family unsuccessfully challenged the seizure in Israeli courts. The land remained unused for approximately two decades before being absorbed into the expanding Neve Daniel settlement. The Guardian published photographs identifying the rental property’s location and showing Al-Sbeih holding ownership documents. This corroborates the reported geographical and historical connection, although the published investigation does not itself constitute a new judicial determination of the property’s ownership.⁷

Booking.com’s dedicated Tel Aviv careers page identifies a substantive technology and engineering operation beyond the accommodation-provider support activities described in the existing Economic audit. The company explicitly describes its Tel Aviv office as home to its “Machine Learning Centre and engineering” teams, working across recommendation systems, computer vision, natural-language understanding and reinforcement learning. It also identifies participation in academic publications, professional conferences, competitions and technical meetups. This confirms the existing finding that Booking.com maintains an operational presence in Tel Aviv while materially expanding the documented functions of that operation beyond commercial and accommodation-provider support.²⁸

Booking.com’s Tel Aviv disclosure states that its new office opened in 2021 and identifies 70 employees based there. Its employee profiles include an engineering manager associated with Central Machine Learning. Booking.com’s separate Machine Learning careers disclosures describe applied research, machine-learning model development, technical experimentation and deployment into production systems, including fraud detection and personalised recommendations. The company also advertises machine-learning engineering positions in Tel Aviv. These primary corporate disclosures directly correct the existing Economic statement, “A publicly verified Israeli research laboratory, technology accelerator, government-sponsored innovation programme or dedicated R&D facility controlled by Booking Holdings: no public evidence identified,” insofar as it suggests the absence of a dedicated Israeli technical research operation. Booking.com expressly identifies an operating Machine Learning Centre; the examined disclosures do not establish that this centre is legally registered as a separate research institute, receives Israeli government innovation funding or has a separately disclosed R&D budget.^{28, 29}

Booking.com’s corporate account of its global development further identifies Tel Aviv among its largest offices, alongside Manchester, Singapore, New York and Shanghai, and describes these locations as hosting established business units. This reinforces the significance of the Israeli operation within Booking.com’s international organisational structure. It also corrects the incompleteness of the existing Economic description of Tel Aviv solely as an office listed in the company’s general careers directory. The primary disclosures establish both an identifiable Machine Learning Centre and engineering functions, without establishing that all employees at the Israeli operation work in research and development.^{30, 28}

Corporate Structure & Foundational Ties

Parent company and domicile

Booking Holdings Inc. is a publicly traded US corporation whose 2025 Form 10-K identifies its corporate reporting structure and principal online travel operations.¹

Booking.com B.V. is registered and based in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Its published legal information identifies its Dutch corporate registration and Amsterdam address.²

Booking.com’s Israeli offices directory separately identifies Booking.com Israel Online Hotel Reservations Ltd. as a local group company.¹⁴

Group ownership

Booking Holdings’ 2025 subsidiary exhibit identifies Booking.com B.V. as a wholly owned subsidiary and lists other wholly owned operating companies including Agoda, KAYAK and OpenTable.¹³

AFSC Investigate identifies Booking Holdings as the parent of the Booking.com accommodation platform and describes commercial links among the group’s travel brands.¹⁹

Management and governance

Booking Holdings identifies Glenn D. Fogel as chief executive officer and director. Its leadership disclosure states that he became Booking Holdings CEO in January 2017 and Booking.com CEO in June 2019.²²

Booking Holdings’ 2025 proxy identifies Robert J. Mylod Jr. among its directors and discloses executive and institutional ownership information.¹⁷

The group’s published leadership biographies describe the professional experience of its executives and directors. They do not, by themselves, establish personal investments in Israeli defence companies or settlement-operating businesses.²²

Israeli-nexus indicators

Founded in Israel: Booking Holdings’ disclosed corporate domicile is in the United States, and Booking.com B.V. is domiciled in the Netherlands.^{1, 2}

Israeli headquarters: Booking Holdings and Booking.com B.V. identify corporate bases outside Israel, while Booking.com maintains an Israeli support operation.^{2, 14}

Israeli tax residency: no public evidence identified.

Preferred Technology Enterprise status: no public evidence identified.

Israeli beneficial control of the group: no public evidence identified.

Israeli operating subsidiary: Booking.com’s published offices directory confirms a named Israeli group company.¹⁴

Corporate connections to settlement operations: Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, Who Profits and AFSC Investigate have documented relationships between Booking.com’s reservation services and accommodation providers in Israeli settlements.^{3, 4, 5, 19}

State and institutional governance

An Israeli government ownership stake in Booking Holdings: no public evidence identified.

An Israeli government-appointed Booking Holdings director: no public evidence identified.

An Israeli state golden share or government veto right over the group: no public evidence identified.

A constitutional restriction tying Booking Holdings’ corporate mission to Israeli government policy: no public evidence identified.

An Israeli designation of Booking Holdings as critical national infrastructure: no public evidence identified.

Founders and controlling principals

The examined company governance records identify current directors, senior executives and significant institutional shareholders, but do not establish an Israeli founder, an Israeli controlling family or an Israeli state-appointed controlling principal.^{17, 22}

Documented direct Israeli operating-company investments by the named chair, CEO or their family-office vehicles: no public evidence identified.

Documented personal investments by those principals in Israeli arms manufacturers or settlement-operating companies: no public evidence identified.

Profit Repatriation & Economic Contribution

Global revenue

Booking Holdings reported $26.917 billion in consolidated revenue for 2025, comprising approximately $17.755 billion in merchant revenue, $7.968 billion in agency revenue and $1.194 billion in advertising and other revenue.¹

The company’s February 2026 financial announcement reported approximately $186.1 billion in total gross bookings for full-year 2025 and approximately $5.4 billion in GAAP net income.¹⁶

Israeli revenue attribution

A separately reported Israeli revenue figure for Booking Holdings or Booking.com: no public evidence identified.

An Israel-specific gross bookings figure: no public evidence identified.

A settlement-specific annual booking volume or commission-revenue figure: no public evidence identified.

A separately disclosed profit contribution from the Israeli support company: no public evidence identified.

Commercial payment mechanism

Booking.com’s accommodation reservation model enables accommodation providers to offer rooms through a centralised platform. Published NGO investigations identify settlement accommodation providers using that platform and receiving customer bookings through its services.^{2, 3, 19}

[pre-2020] Human Rights Watch documented Booking.com’s description of its role as a platform facilitating reservations without itself purchasing or reselling the underlying rooms. This establishes the distinction between accommodation-provider ownership and reservation intermediation for the 2018 reporting period.³

AFSC Investigate describes Booking.com’s commission-based business model and identifies settlement accommodation among the services offered through the platform. Its profile does not supply a verified total value of commissions derived specifically from settlements.¹⁹

Profit repatriation

Booking.com B.V.’s published corporate information establishes the Dutch entity as the operator of its online reservation service, supported by local group companies, including the separately identified Israeli support operation.^{2, 14}

The proportion of Israeli-generated booking commissions retained by the Israeli subsidiary, transferred to Booking.com B.V. or otherwise distributed within Booking Holdings: no public evidence identified.

Documented dividends remitted from Booking.com’s Israeli support company to its Dutch or US parent: no public evidence identified.

Documented dividends or management fees paid from the Dutch or US parent to Israeli owners: no public evidence identified.

Contribution to settlement economies

[pre-2020] Human Rights Watch’s November 2018 investigation documented settlement accommodation providers offering paid rentals through Booking.com and examined how accommodation revenue could be generated from properties located on settlement land.³

[pre-2020] Amnesty International’s January 2019 investigation documented accommodation supply, settlement tourism promotion and the role of digital tourism platforms in connecting travellers with settlement-based businesses.²⁶

Who Profits’ November 2024 research identified accommodation offerings in occupied West Bank settlements, occupied East Jerusalem and the occupied Syrian Golan, including multiple named settlements and tourism locations.⁵

The Guardian’s August 2024 listing dataset, published in February 2025, corroborated that settlement accommodation continued to be advertised through Booking.com after the 19 July 2024 ICJ advisory opinion.⁶

The November 2025 Don’t Buy Into Occupation report continued to identify Booking Holdings in its examination of companies connected to settlement-related economic activity.¹⁸

Sector significance

AFSC Investigate describes Booking Holdings as a major global online travel platform operator and identifies its accommodation marketplace as providing services to settlement properties.¹⁹

A verified Israeli government designation identifying Booking Holdings as a nationally critical tourism-sector employer or infrastructure provider: no public evidence identified.

A publicly disclosed estimate of Booking Holdings’ share of total settlement tourism revenue: no public evidence identified.

An independently verified measure of the group’s direct contribution to Israeli government tax receipts: no public evidence identified.

Other financial relationships

Israeli sovereign-debt underwriting: no public evidence identified.

Israeli war-bond purchases: no public evidence identified.

Direct financing of Israeli military procurement: no public evidence identified.

Direct lending to Israeli settlement construction businesses: no public evidence identified.

Documented insurance underwriting of Israeli settlement operations: no public evidence identified.

Ekō reported at least 3,800 guest reviews across its 41 identified Booking.com settlement listings. Its appendix recorded individual review counts and indicative nightly accommodation prices, ranging from comparatively inexpensive private rooms to high-value accommodation advertised at more than US$7,000 per night. The identified Neve Daniel property was advertised for approximately US$170 per night. These observations provide evidence of commercially marketed accommodation and historical guest activity, but review totals and advertised rates cannot independently establish completed booking volumes, occupancy, realised accommodation revenue or Booking.com’s settlement-specific commission income.⁸