TIDAL MILITARY

Target: TIDAL, music streaming and artist-services platform

Corporate group: Block, Inc.

Research date: 24 October 2026

Evidence period: 2021–2026, with historical corporate records examined where relevant.

Scope: Israeli defence procurement, military-specific products, military-industrial supply chains, logistical support, weapons systems, export controls, occupied-territory operations, and documented military-channel activities by controlling principals.

Direct Defence Contracting & Procurement

Corporate identity and ownership

Block’s Form 8-K dated May 2021 records completion of its acquisition of a majority stake in TIDAL on 30 April 2021 through Vandutch Acquisition Corp., involving Project Panther, Ltd. and Shawn Carter as the sellers’ representative; the disclosed consideration was approximately $302 million, subject to adjustments.¹

Block’s 2022 SEC subsidiary exhibit identifies Tidal Music AS in Norway and Tidal Music LLC in Delaware as major subsidiaries, establishing their historic relationship to the reporting group.²

Block’s 2024 Form 10-K describes TIDAL as part of its portfolio alongside Square, Cash App, Bitkey, and Proto, with products directed towards consumers, artists, sellers, and developers.³

Block’s 2025 Form 10-K, filed on 26 February 2026, continues to identify TIDAL in its corporate reporting, including discussion of its reporting unit and associated financial items.⁴

Block’s 2025 major-subsidiary exhibit does not separately list Tidal Music AS or Tidal Music LLC, but states that subsidiaries meeting the SEC’s permitted omission criteria are excluded; the exhibit therefore does not establish that TIDAL was sold or discontinued.⁵

Israeli Ministry of Defence and state-security contracts

No public evidence identified of an Israeli Ministry of Defence, Israel Defense Forces, Israel Prison Service, Israel Border Police, or other Israeli state-security procurement contract naming TIDAL in the reviewed SEC acquisition, subsidiary, and annual-report disclosures.^{1, 4}

No public evidence identified of a named Israeli military procurement award, framework agreement, military supply memorandum, or confirmed state-security end-user specifically purchasing TIDAL services in the corporate filings examined for 2024–2025.^{3, 4}

Defence directories and official announcements

No public evidence identified of TIDAL being presented as an Israeli defence exporter, weapons supplier, or military systems contractor in the reviewed corporate disclosures and contemporary company descriptions.^{4, 6}

No public evidence identified of a TIDAL announcement identifying an Israeli defence joint venture, procurement programme, or military cooperation agreement in the reviewed 2025 corporate disclosures.^{4, 7}

Controlling principals

Block’s 2026 proxy statement identifies Jack Dorsey as Block Head and Chairperson and Shawn Carter as a director; it also identifies Roelof Botha, Amy Brooks, James McKelvey, Anthony Eisen, Randall Garutti, Mary Meeker, Paul Deighton, and Neha Narula among the board members.⁶

Block’s May 2021 filing confirms Shawn Carter’s appointment to the board in connection with the TIDAL transaction and documents his relationship with the acquired business.¹

The reviewed 2026 proxy statement does not establish a TIDAL-specific Israeli military contract, military procurement appointment, defence-board transaction, or military-directed donation by these principals; no public evidence identified of a qualifying transaction through their personal vehicles in the sources examined.⁶

Block’s fiscal 2025 Exhibit 21.1, titled “Major Subsidiaries of Block, Inc.”, does not separately list Tidal Music AS or Tidal Music LLC. Its footnote explains that other subsidiaries are omitted under Item 601(b)(21)(ii) of Regulation S-K because they do not meet the applicable aggregate significance threshold. This confirms the existing audit statement that neither TIDAL entity appears in the 2025 major-subsidiary exhibit and that omission alone does not establish disposal or discontinuation. The exhibit does not independently establish the entities’ current legal status or ownership.⁵

Square, Inc. (subsequently renamed Block, Inc.) completed its acquisition of a majority stake in TIDAL on 30 April 2021, as expressly identified by the company as the “Closing Date” in its Form 8-K filed on 7 May 2021. The acquisition was executed through its wholly owned subsidiary Vandutch Acquisition Corp., which purchased a majority interest in Project Panther, Ltd. The filing also identifies Project Rising, LLC as TIDAL’s new parent company and a direct subsidiary of Vandutch, while Shawn Carter and related parties retained a minority interest. This confirms the existing audit’s corporate ownership statement and its acquisition date of 30 April 2021. It additionally establishes the distinction between the transaction’s closing date, the board actions of 4 May 2021, and the SEC filing date of 7 May 2021; none requires correction of the existing ownership chronology.¹

Dual-Use Products & Tactical Variants

Principal product and intended use

Block’s 2025 CDP disclosure describes TIDAL as a music platform supporting artists’ commercial and entrepreneurial activity, rather than as a defence electronics, military software, or tactical-equipment manufacturer.⁷

The 2024 Form 10-K similarly places TIDAL within Block’s artist and consumer services, without identifying a military-specific TIDAL product category.³

TIDAL’s published content-blocking guidance describes subscriber controls over tracks, artists, and profiles within its music service, confirming an ordinary consumer-platform function.⁸

Israeli market availability

TIDAL’s country-availability documentation, updated 9 January 2026, explicitly includes Israel in its list of supported markets.⁹

This documentation establishes commercial availability in Israel, but does not identify the Israeli military, Ministry of Defence, or another state-security institution as an end-user or contracting party.⁹

Militarised products

No public evidence identified of a ruggedised, tactical, military-specified, or purpose-built targeting variant of TIDAL’s music platform in the reviewed corporate product descriptions.^{3, 7}

No public evidence identified of TIDAL supplying autonomous targeting, fire-control, precision-guidance, kill-chain automation, or other software designed primarily to produce a weapons effect in the reviewed descriptions of its products.^{4, 7}

Military deployment and end-user licensing

No public evidence identified of an Israeli military-specific TIDAL deployment, end-user certificate, export-control approval, or military technology-transfer licence in the reviewed corporate and SEC records.^{4, 10}

The SEC’s 2021 acquisition document identifies a commercial music-platform transaction; it does not establish a military software transfer or Israeli defence licensing agreement.¹

Heavy Machinery, Construction & Infrastructure

Heavy equipment

Block’s 2025 corporate disclosure describes TIDAL as an artist-focused music platform, providing no identified TIDAL heavy-machinery, construction-vehicle, or demolition-equipment product line.⁷

The 2024 annual report’s descriptions of the TIDAL business do not identify construction equipment or settlement infrastructure as TIDAL business activities.³

Occupied-territory equipment deployments

No public evidence identified of TIDAL-branded machinery, vehicles, industrial equipment, or engineering systems being used to construct, maintain, or demolish infrastructure in the occupied Palestinian territory in the company disclosures reviewed.^{3, 4}

No public evidence identified of TIDAL equipment supplied directly or through a documented dealer for settlement construction, demolition, separation-barrier works, or military installation maintenance in those records.^{4, 5}

Construction and engineering contracts

No public evidence identified of contracts naming TIDAL for checkpoints, military bases, detention infrastructure, settlement roads, settlement expansion, or separation-barrier construction in the reviewed corporate records and settlement-database reporting.^{4, 11}

The September 2026 OHCHR settlement-database update concerns identified enterprises engaged in specified settlement-related activities, including agriculture, transport, storage, waste management, energy, food, and hospitality; the contemporaneous reporting reviewed did not identify TIDAL among the named examples.¹²

Supply Chain Integration with Defence Primes

Parent and group structure

Block’s 2024 Form 10-K identifies its businesses as including Square, Cash App, TIDAL, Bitkey, and Proto, establishing the relevant disclosed group context for examining possible shared supply-chain relationships.³

Block’s 2025 major-subsidiary exhibit identifies material group subsidiaries including Afterpay entities, Square financial-services businesses, and Block technology entities, but does not identify an Israeli defence manufacturer as a listed major subsidiary.⁵

The 2025 annual report continues to describe Block’s business through financial technology, consumer services, and other disclosed products, without identifying TIDAL as a defence-prime component supplier.⁴

Israeli defence manufacturers

No public evidence identified of TIDAL directly supplying Elbit Systems, Israel Aerospace Industries, Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, or Israel Military Industries with military-specific components, subsystems, manufacturing services, or targeting software in the reviewed company and SEC records.^{4, 10}

No public evidence identified of a named TIDAL intermediary or distributor holding a verified military-specific supply contract with one of these manufacturers in the reviewed corporate disclosures.^{3, 4}

Technology transfer and coproduction

No public evidence identified of TIDAL participating in licensed weapons manufacture, military electronics coproduction, defence-specific technology transfer, or Israeli military research-and-development programmes in the reviewed 2024–2025 annual disclosures.^{3, 4}

No public evidence identified of Block’s 2021 acquisition of TIDAL involving an Israeli defence contractor or military technology-transfer arrangement; the filing identifies Project Panther, Vandutch, the sellers, and the music-platform transaction.¹

Related-party arrangements

Block’s 2022 annual-report and proxy materials describe commercial arrangements involving Shawn Carter and Roc Nation following the TIDAL acquisition, including entertainment-related property arrangements; these identified transactions do not document Israeli defence supply.¹³

Logistical Sustainment & Base Services

Military installation support

Block’s 2025 Form 10-K identifies TIDAL as part of its broader commercial activities, without documenting a contract for catering, transport, fuel, military facilities maintenance, waste handling, or other physical base-support services.⁴

No public evidence identified of a TIDAL agreement to supply such services to an Israeli military installation or detention facility in the corporate disclosures reviewed.^{4, 10}

Geographic scope

TIDAL’s January 2026 service-territory list establishes Israel as an available consumer market but provides no military-base, settlement, checkpoint, or occupied-territory installation-level service information.⁹

No public evidence identified of a named TIDAL military-support contract operating in the West Bank, East Jerusalem, Golan Heights, Gaza, or Negev in the reviewed sources.^{4, 9}

Military freight and port services

No public evidence identified of TIDAL acting as a freight forwarder, shipping contractor, military cargo handler, arms transporter, or port-services provider in the reviewed corporate descriptions.^{3, 7}

No public evidence identified of an Israeli arms-shipment or military cargo contract involving TIDAL in the reviewed corporate disclosures.^{4, 10}

Munitions, Weapons Systems & Strategic Platforms

Weapons manufacturing

Block’s audited 2024 business description identifies TIDAL as part of its consumer and artist business portfolio, without identifying TIDAL as a weapons manufacturer or military platform integrator.³

The 2025 reporting documentation continues to discuss TIDAL as a business and reporting unit without disclosing a military weapons-manufacturing activity.⁴

No public evidence identified of TIDAL manufacturing or licensing small arms, artillery systems, military drones, armoured vehicles, naval weapons, or other lethal military platforms for Israeli forces in the reviewed disclosures.^{3, 4}

Munitions and precursor materials

No public evidence identified of TIDAL supplying ammunition, explosives, propellants, warhead components, missile casings, or other munitions-related materials to Israeli military customers in the reviewed SEC records.^{4, 10}

Strategic military platforms

No public evidence identified of a documented TIDAL role in Iron Dome, David’s Sling, Arrow, Israeli fighter aircraft, main battle tanks, warships, or ballistic missile programmes in the corporate sources reviewed.^{3, 4}

Military AI and targeting software

The 2025 CDP disclosure identifies TIDAL as a platform serving music artists, while describing Block’s other principal brands as commercial financial and bitcoin-related services.⁷

No public evidence identified of TIDAL producing a targeting decision, operating a military fire-control system, selecting targets for kinetic strikes, or providing purpose-built weapons-integration software in the reviewed corporate descriptions.^{4, 7}

Critical components

No public evidence identified of TIDAL supplying guidance electronics, military radar components, propulsion equipment, weapons fire-control processors, or other critical weapon-system subsystems to Israeli defence customers in the reviewed filings.^{4, 10}

Export Licensing, Regulatory & Legal History

Export-control classification and licensing

Block’s 2025 Form 10-K provides a general corporate and risk-reporting framework, without identifying a TIDAL-specific Israeli military export-licence award, refusal, suspension, or revocation in the material reviewed.⁴

No public evidence identified of a named TIDAL export-control decision involving Israeli military end-users in the SEC acquisition disclosure or the company’s reviewed annual reporting.^{1, 4}

Sanctions and embargo enforcement

No public evidence identified of a regulatory finding that TIDAL violated an Israel-related arms embargo or defence export-control restriction in the reviewed company filings and regulatory material.^{4, 10}

Legal challenges

No public evidence identified of a judicial proceeding specifically alleging that TIDAL supplied military weapons, tactical systems, or defence logistics to Israeli security forces in the reviewed SEC and company records.^{4, 10}

The identified May 2021 SEC acquisition disclosure concerns corporate ownership and consideration, rather than an Israeli defence procurement dispute.¹

International legal chronology

On 19 July 2024, the International Court of Justice issued its advisory opinion concerning Israel’s policies and practices in the occupied Palestinian territory, including East Jerusalem, and the legal consequences of Israel’s continued presence there.¹⁴

The United Nations Secretary-General’s December 2024 report describes the advisory opinion and subsequent UN General Assembly action concerning the occupied Palestinian territory.¹⁵

The September 2026 OHCHR settlement-database reporting reflects continued institutional investigation of corporate activities connected to Israeli settlements after those international legal developments.^{12, 16}

Constructive notice and continuation

TIDAL’s January 2026 country list confirms continued general commercial availability in Israel after 19 July 2024 and November 2024, but does not establish military-specific supply or a settlement-related transaction.⁹

No public evidence identified of a TIDAL military supply contract that continued after those dates in the corporate and institutional material reviewed.^{4, 11}

Civil Society Scrutiny & Documented Investigations

UN settlement database

OHCHR’s published methodology for its settlement database examines specified business activities connected to Israeli settlements and provides procedures for assessing company involvement.¹⁷

The 2024 OHCHR report A/HRC/57/21 describes the database-review process, including assessment of submissions and opportunities for companies to respond before inclusion.¹⁷

The September 2026 update, discussed during the Human Rights Council’s sixty-third session, continued OHCHR’s examination of business activities connected to settlements in the occupied Palestinian territory.¹¹

Contemporaneous September 2026 reporting states that the updated OHCHR database contains 214 companies from 11 countries.¹⁶

The International League for Peace and Freedom’s September 2026 reporting likewise describes the expansion of the database and its assessment of corporate connections to settlement-related activities.¹⁸

No public evidence identified establishing that TIDAL or Block was specifically listed in the contemporaneous database coverage examined; complete direct comparison against every named entity in the underlying current and historic database annexes remains unverified.^{12, 16}

UN corporate-accountability reporting

The Special Rapporteur’s 2025 A/HRC/59/23 report examines corporate sectors potentially connected to Israel’s military and occupation-related economy, including arms manufacturers, technology businesses, and heavy-machinery suppliers.¹⁹

No TIDAL-specific weapons contract, military component, military service agreement, or occupied-territory machinery deployment was identified in the report material reviewed alongside the target’s SEC disclosures.^{4, 19}

Specialist civil-society investigations

AFSC Investigate’s methodology states that its company database concerns demonstrated links to Israeli military occupation and other serious human-rights violations, drawing on specialist investigations and independently checked evidence.²⁰

No public evidence identified of a substantiated TIDAL-specific military procurement investigation in the AFSC material and corporate records reviewed.^{4, 20}

Boycott and divestment campaigns

No public evidence identified of a named institutional divestment decision expressly based on TIDAL supplying Israeli military weapons or logistics in the reviewed civil-society reporting and corporate disclosures.^{4, 18}

No public evidence identified of a verified defence-sector boycott campaign naming a particular TIDAL military contract or military weapons product in those sources.^{20, 21}

Corporate policy and response

Block’s 2025 CDP disclosure provides corporate sustainability and business information, including its description of TIDAL’s music-platform activities, without identifying a TIDAL-specific response to allegations of Israeli military supply.⁷

No public evidence identified of TIDAL announcing termination of a named Israeli military contract, imposing a military end-use restriction, or modifying a defence export policy in the corporate disclosures reviewed.^{4, 7}

Consumer presence and attribution boundaries

TIDAL’s official service-territory documentation demonstrates that Israel remains included within its commercial market footprint as of January 2026.⁹

That consumer-market fact does not identify any military customer, procurement contract, defence manufacturer, or occupied-territory facility as a TIDAL business counterparty.⁹

Block’s historical financial disclosures establish TIDAL’s ownership and corporate relationship, while its later annual reporting establishes continued inclusion in group reporting; neither class of document independently establishes military supply.^{1, 4}

The 2026 SEC order concerning Tidal Trust I–V and Tidal Investments LLC concerns separately named investment entities and provides no basis for attributing their activities to Block’s music-streaming business.²²