Military Audit: Airbus

# V-MIL Domain Audit — Airbus SE
**Audit Phase:** V-MIL — Military Forensics
**Subsidiaries in scope:** Airbus Defence and Space; Airbus DS Airborne Solutions GmbH (ADAS); Airbus Helicopters; MBDA Group (37.5% shareholder)
**Research completed:** 28 June 2026

---

## Direct Defence Contracting & Procurement
**German Bundeswehr Heron TP Lease Contract (2018–ongoing)**

In June 2018, Airbus SE, acting as prime contractor through its subsidiary Airbus DS Airborne Solutions GmbH (ADAS), signed a nine-year lease contract with Germany's Federal Office for Bundeswehr Equipment, Information Technology and In-Service Support (BAAINBw) for five IAI Heron TP medium-altitude long-endurance (MALE) UAVs manufactured by Israel Aerospace Industries [^2][^48]. The Airbus press release for that contract explicitly specifies the aircraft as "equipped for reconnaissance missions and capable of carrying weapons" [^2]. The Heron TP (IAI designation: Eitan) is formally described in Airbus's own product documentation as an operational MALE UAV system [^3]. German-Israeli collaboration on Heron reconnaissance UAV capabilities has continued into 2024, with both sides developing further reconnaissance variants of the platform [^54].

**Israeli Ministry of Defence as Formal Programme Partner (2024)**

The Israeli Ministry of Defense's Directorate of Defense Research and Development (DDR&D) is formally named in Airbus's official communications as the Israeli governmental partner in the Heron TP joint programme alongside IAI and Airbus ADAS [^1]. The DDR&D led the customisation of the platform to German operational specifications, and its head, Dr. Daniel Gold, is quoted in Airbus's May 2024 press release describing the programme as "a qualitative leap forward in military capability" [^1]. The made-for-Germany Heron TP completed its maiden flight over German airspace in May 2024, marking a formal operational milestone for the IAI-DDR&D-Airbus consortium [^1][^45].

**German Authorisation for Israeli Military Use (October 2023)**

On 12 October 2023, German Defence Minister Boris Pistorius authorised Israel's request to use two of the five German-leased Heron TP UAVs for operations in the context of Israel's military response to the 7 October 2023 Hamas attacks [^4][^5][^6]. Because Germany holds the lease for these platforms — managed by Airbus ADAS as prime contractor — German governmental approval was a contractual prerequisite before Israel could deploy them operationally [^4][^5]. The two German-leased Heron TPs were already stationed in Israel for German pilot training at the time of the authorisation [^4][^5][^6]. No confirmed open-source reporting identifies the specific operational deployment of these two aircraft over Gaza, as distinct from standby or non-combat use; the governmental authorisation itself is confirmed across multiple sources [^4][^5][^6].

**Proposed A330 MRTT Tanker for Israeli Air Force (2019)**

In June 2019, Lockheed Martin and Airbus jointly proposed the Airbus A330 MRTT (Multi-Role Tanker Transport) to the Israeli Air Force as a replacement for its ageing tanker fleet, intending to assemble the aircraft at Airbus's Mobile, Alabama facility in order to qualify for US Foreign Military Financing thresholds [^8]. No contract award to this consortium has been confirmed; Israel's formal Letter of Request identified the Boeing KC-46A as its preferred platform instead [^8].

**SIBAT Registry Status**

No public evidence identified of Airbus appearing in SIBAT (Israel Defence Export and Defence Cooperation Directorate) listings as a registered Israeli defence exporter. The commercial and contractual relationship runs in the opposite direction: Airbus as prime contractor procuring IAI and Elbit products for third-country government clients, or as a service-management partner in IAI-led joint programmes [^2][^3].

---

## Dual-Use Products & Tactical Variants
**Heron TP — Armed and Target-Acquisition Capability**

The Heron TP UAV managed by Airbus ADAS under the German Bundeswehr contract is formally documented in Airbus's own 2018 contract announcement as "capable of carrying weapons" [^2]. The platform operates in intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) and target-acquisition roles under the German Air Force service arrangement [^3]. IAI's Heron family of UAVs — the same platform type managed by Airbus — was among the first ISR assets over Gaza providing real-time command support to IDF forces in the initial hours following 7 October 2023 [^7]. Germany subsequently authorised Israeli use of two German-leased Heron TPs in an active armed-conflict context in October 2023 [^4][^5][^6].

**C295 AEW&C Platform with ELTA AESA Radar (2011 MOU — ongoing marketing)**

In June 2011, Airbus Military and IAI/ELTA Systems signed a Memorandum of Understanding to jointly develop and market a version of the Airbus C295 transport aircraft fitted with ELTA's fourth-generation Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar and an Identification Friend-or-Foe (IFF) system, creating a deployable Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&C) capability for sale to third-country military customers [^9][^49]. The C295 AEW&C is jointly marketed by both companies, and the MOU remains the basis for an ongoing commercial relationship [^9][^49]. No confirmed sale to Israeli security forces has been identified in open-source records [^9][^49].

**Israeli Components Embedded in Airbus Military Platforms (A400M, A330 MRTT, C295, SIRTAP)**

Spain's September 2025 arms embargo on Israeli military and dual-use technology revealed that Airbus's manufacturing operations in Madrid and Seville rely on Israeli-sourced components across four military platforms in current production: the A400M strategic transport, A330 MRTT aerial refuelling tanker, C295 maritime patrol aircraft, and SIRTAP tactical drone [^16][^17][^18][^19]. Spain's Council of Ministers specifically cited "missile defence systems and modern radars produced by Israeli companies Elbit Systems and ELTA System (IAI)" as the relevant embedded components [^16][^18]. In late December 2025, Spain's cabinet granted Airbus the first exemption to this ban on the grounds that continued enforcement would halt production at facilities employing approximately 14,000 workers and accounting for roughly 60 per cent of Spain's defence and aerospace export revenues [^17][^19]. Airbus is reported to be engaged with Spain's Ministry of Defence on a programme to reduce its dependence on Israeli technology, with no timeline or specific milestones publicly disclosed [^16][^19].

**AS565MA Panther Helicopters — Israeli Navy (1996 delivery)**

Five Eurocopter (now Airbus Helicopters) AS565MA Panther helicopters were delivered to Israel in 1996 and are designated "Atalef" (Bat) by the Israeli Navy [^39][^40]. These aircraft are operated by the Israeli Navy's 193 Squadron for sea-based reconnaissance, maritime surveillance, counter-terrorism, and search-and-rescue missions, equipped with long-range sensors and a data-link integrated with Sa'ar 5-class corvettes [^40]. The fleet remains in active Israeli military service, confirmed by reporting on a fatal crash involving an aircraft identified as approximately 25 years old — consistent with the 1996 delivery date [^47]. No public evidence identified of end-user certification details for the original 1996 sale in currently accessible open-source records.

---

## Heavy Machinery, Construction & Infrastructure
No public evidence identified of Airbus construction equipment, vehicles, or machinery being used in the construction, maintenance, or demolition of settlements, the separation barrier, checkpoints, or military installations in the West Bank, Golan Heights, or East Jerusalem. Airbus does not manufacture construction or demolition equipment. Source classes checked include the OHCHR settlement database (2023 and 2025 editions), the Who Profits database, the AFSC investigate.afsc.org database, and the AFSC Gaza genocide companies list; Airbus does not appear in any of these databases.

---

## Supply Chain Integration with Defence Primes
**Elbit Systems — J-MUSIC DIRCM Self-Protection Systems for German A400M Fleet ($260 million, 2025)**

In July 2025, Airbus Defence and Space awarded Elbit Systems a contract valued at approximately $260 million for the supply of Elbit's J-MUSIC Directed Infrared Counter Measures (DIRCM) self-protection systems for Germany's A400M transport aircraft fleet, following a BAAINBw procurement order placed in June 2025 [^13][^14]. The contract covers 23 German Air Force A400M aircraft, with Airbus DS acting as system integrator and conducting retrofits at its Seville facility [^13][^15]. The first A400M to receive the J-MUSIC system was returned to the German Air Force on 11 September 2025, with full fleet retrofit projected for completion by 2032 [^15]. Elbit's contract announcement explicitly identifies Israel as a country where its DIRCM solutions have been operationally deployed [^13].

**MBDA Group — Shareholding Structure and GBU-39 Diamond Back Wing Assemblies**

MBDA Group, Europe's largest missile manufacturer, is 37.5% owned by Airbus SE, with BAE Systems holding 37.5% and Leonardo holding 25% [^21][^22][^24]. Since November 2017, MBDA Incorporated (Huntsville, Alabama, USA) — a US subsidiary of MBDA Group — has held a contract with Boeing to manufacture the Diamond Back Wing assembly for the GBU-39/B Small Diameter Bomb I, and has been described in investigative reporting as the sole known supplier of these wing components [^21][^25]. A joint investigation by *The Guardian*, Disclose, and Follow the Money (July 2025) established that an estimated 4,800 or more GBU-39 bombs have been delivered to Israel since October 2023, including a confirmed shipment of 2,166 units announced in February 2025 [^21][^22][^23][^51]. Financial returns from MBDA Incorporated's operations flow upward through MBDA UK to MBDA Group and are distributed as dividends to Airbus, BAE Systems, and Leonardo, with MBDA distributing approximately £350 million in total annual dividends to its shareholders in the most recently reported year [^22].

**IAI / ADAS — Heron TP and Heron 1 Joint Service Programmes (2018–ongoing)**

Airbus ADAS and IAI are formally constituted as joint service partners in the German Bundeswehr's Heron TP programme, with IAI manufacturing the platform and ADAS delivering the turnkey operational service on behalf of BAAINBw [^1][^2][^3]. The same ADAS-IAI partnership also delivers the Heron 1 UAS operational service for Frontex across the Mediterranean, accumulating over 10,000 flight hours as of March 2026 [^53].

**MBDA Germany — IAI Loitering Munitions Cooperation Agreement (2023)**

In 2023, MBDA Germany — a subsidiary of MBDA Group, in which Airbus holds a 37.5% stake — signed a cooperation agreement with IAI for the preparation, production, marketing, and implementation of IAI loitering munition systems in the German market [^26]. The agreement specifically covers IAI's Harop (6-hour endurance, 1,000 km range), Mini-Harop/Green Dragon, Harpy (radar-targeting/SEAD), and Rotem (tactical multi-rotor) platforms [^26].

**Airbus-ELTA Joint Marketing for C295 AEW&C (2011 MOU)**

Airbus Military and ELTA Systems (a wholly owned IAI subsidiary) signed a June 2011 MOU to jointly develop and market the C295 AEW&C platform equipped with ELTA's fourth-generation AESA radar and IFF systems [^9][^49]. No confirmed end-user sale to Israeli security forces has been identified in publicly available records [^9][^49].

**Airbus — Team8 Cybersecurity Strategic Investment (2018)**

Airbus participated as a named strategic investor in Israeli cybersecurity firm Team8's $85 million fund, announced in 2018, alongside Walmart and other corporate co-investors [^42].

---

## Logistical Sustainment & Base Services
**Frontex Maritime Aerial Surveillance — ADAS/IAI Joint Service Contract (2020–ongoing)**

In November 2020, Frontex awarded ADAS and IAI a framework contract, reported at approximately €50 million, for Heron 1 UAV-based maritime surveillance over the Mediterranean, with deployments across Greece, Italy, and Malta [^11][^46]. The Business & Human Rights Resource Centre documented in 2022 that the Heron systems operated under this contract by ADAS/IAI "have been utilized by the Israeli military in its assaults on the Gaza Strip," and noted that this operational deployment enables the system to be promoted commercially as "combat proven" [^30]. In December 2024, ADAS and IAI signed a follow-on framework contract for a further four years of Heron UAS services to Frontex, effective January 2025, covering the Central and Eastern Mediterranean [^10][^12][^55]. As of March 2026, the ADAS-IAI Heron 1 operational service from Malta had surpassed 10,000 total flight hours under the Frontex contract [^53].

**Direct services to Israeli military or security installations**

No public evidence identified of Airbus or any of its subsidiaries holding contracts to provide catering, logistics, facilities maintenance, fuel supply, telecommunications, or other base services to IDF installations, Israeli prisons, or Israeli government security facilities.

---

## Munitions, Weapons Systems & Strategic Platforms
**MBDA Incorporated — GBU-39/B Small Diameter Bomb Wing Assemblies (2017–ongoing)**

MBDA Incorporated (Huntsville, Alabama, USA), a US subsidiary of MBDA Group in which Airbus holds a 37.5% ownership stake, manufactures the Diamond Back Wing assembly under contract to Boeing for the GBU-39/B Small Diameter Bomb I, and has been described in investigative reporting as the sole known supplier of these wing kits [^21][^22][^25]. Since October 2023, an estimated 4,800 or more GBU-39 bombs have been delivered to Israel, with a confirmed shipment of 2,166 units publicly announced in February 2025 [^21][^23]. A joint investigative report by *The Guardian*, Disclose, and Follow the Money published in July 2025 identified 24 verified strikes between 2 November 2023 and 26 May 2025 in which GBU-39 bombs were deployed by Israeli forces, attributing over 500 deaths to these strikes, including at least 100 children, with strike locations including schools, mosques, tent encampments, and residential homes [^21][^22][^23][^51]. Financial returns from MBDA Incorporated's manufacturing operations flow through MBDA UK to MBDA Group, with approximately £350 million in total dividends distributed to Airbus, BAE Systems, and Leonardo in the most recently reported year [^22]. Following the July 2025 investigation, MBDA declined to comment on halting sales or divesting from its US subsidiary, and Airbus provided no public statement [^22].

**AS565MA Panther — Israeli Navy ISR and SAR Operations (1996 delivery)**

Five Airbus Helicopters (formerly Eurocopter) AS565MA Panther rotary-wing aircraft delivered to Israel in 1996 serve with the Israeli Navy's 193 Squadron in roles spanning naval reconnaissance, maritime surveillance, counter-terrorism, and search-and-rescue, equipped with long-range sensors and a data-link integrated with Sa'ar 5-class corvettes, and have been reported to have helped detect and foil terrorist attacks at sea [^39][^40]. The fleet remains in active Israeli military service, confirmed by reporting on a fatal crash involving an aircraft approximately 25 years of age [^47].

**Heron TP — Airbus-Managed ISR/Target-Acquisition Platform in Israeli Military Context**

Two of the five German-leased Heron TP UAVs managed by Airbus ADAS were stationed in Israel for German pilot training at the time Germany authorised their use by Israeli forces on 12 October 2023 [^4][^5][^6]. No confirmed open-source reporting identifies the specific operational deployment of these two German-leased aircraft in named strike operations or over Gaza as distinct from other tasking; the governmental authorisation for their use by Israel in an active armed conflict is confirmed across multiple sources [^4][^5][^6]. Separately, IAI's Heron family — the same platform type under Airbus management — provided ISR command support to the IDF during the initial response phase of the 7 October 2023 attacks [^7].

**Absence of Role in Other Weapons Categories**

No public evidence identified of Airbus holding a role in manufacturing Iron Dome, David's Sling, or Arrow missile-defence components; in producing fighter aircraft for the Israeli Air Force; or in supplying main battle tanks, warships, or artillery systems for Israeli defence customers. The Lockheed-Airbus A330 MRTT tanker consortium proposal to the Israeli Air Force (2019) was not confirmed as an awarded contract [^8].

---

## Export Licensing, Regulatory & Legal History
**UK Export Licence Applications (Alleged, 2008–2021) and September 2024 Suspension**

UK civil society sources, including the BDS UCL October 2024 report, allege that Airbus applied for UK export licences to supply weapons and military technology to Israel between 2008 and 2021 [^33]. No public evidence identified of primary UK government ECJU or SPIRE database records confirming Airbus-specific export licence applications to Israel at company-level granularity in currently accessible open-source records; the underlying primary licence data requires company-level FOI requests not visible in public search. On 2 September 2024, UK Foreign Secretary David Lammy suspended approximately 29 arms export licences to Israel [^43][^44]. Suspended categories include components for F-16 fighter aircraft, UAV parts, naval systems, and targeting equipment [^43]. The suspension explicitly excludes the F-35 programme and the operations of foreign subsidiaries of UK firms; accordingly, MBDA Incorporated's US-based manufacturing of GBU-39 wing assemblies continues unaffected by the UK suspension [^22][^43]. No specific Airbus-named licence has been identified among the 29 suspended licences in available public records [^43][^44].

**Spain — Arms Embargo and Airbus Exemption (2025)**

On 23 September 2025, Spain's Council of Ministers formally strengthened its arms embargo on Israel and banned imports of Israeli military and dual-use technology into Spain [^20]. In late December 2025, Spain's cabinet granted Airbus the first and only exemption to this ban, permitting continued import of Israeli components — specifically "missile defence systems and modern radars" from Elbit Systems and ELTA (IAI) — required for the A400M, A330 MRTT, C295, and SIRTAP programmes manufactured in Madrid and Seville [^16][^17][^18][^19]. The exemption was justified on economic grounds, citing approximately 14,000 jobs and roughly 60 per cent of Spain's total defence and aerospace export revenue represented by those programmes [^17][^19]. Airbus is reported to be working with Spain's Ministry of Defence on a plan to disconnect from Israeli technology components, with no timeline or specific milestones disclosed [^16][^19].

**French Duty of Vigilance — Formal Notice to Airbus and MBDA (September 2025)**

In September 2025, French shareholder organisations Actionnaires pour le Climat and Cogeres issued a formal mise en demeure (notice of default) to both Airbus SE and MBDA under France's 2017 Loi de Vigilance (Duty of Vigilance Law), demanding publication of a vigilance plan and citing the companies' responsibility in relation to civilian casualties caused by GBU-39 strikes in Gaza in which MBDA components were identified [^29][^50]. Separately, the notifying organisations demanded that MBDA "cease any delivery of weapons or components intended, directly or indirectly, to arm the State of Israel" [^50][^52]. In October 2025, MBDA published its first-ever vigilance plan in direct response to the formal notice [^28][^50]. No public evidence identified of formal court proceedings filed against Airbus under the devoir de vigilance as of the research date.

**German Governmental Authorisation Framework (October 2023)**

Germany's authorisation of Israeli use of two German-leased Heron TP UAVs in October 2023 constitutes a governmental act within the contractual framework in which Airbus ADAS serves as prime contractor for BAAINBw [^4][^5][^6]. No public evidence identified of any export licence decision, suspension, or revocation specifically relating to Airbus being triggered by this authorisation in publicly accessible records.

---

## Civil Society Scrutiny & Documented Investigations
**Investigative Journalism**

A joint investigation by *The Guardian*, Disclose, and Follow the Money (July 2025) named MBDA — in which Airbus holds a 37.5% ownership stake — as the manufacturer of Diamond Back Wing components for the GBU-39/B Small Diameter Bomb used in Israeli strikes on Gaza, identifying 24 verified strikes causing over 500 deaths including at least 100 children [^21][^22][^23][^51]. Action on Armed Violence (AOAV) published a complementary 2025 analysis tracing the financial flows from MBDA Incorporated's Alabama operations through to Airbus dividend income, under the title "Profits from fire: how MBDA's UK links tie Britain to bombs dropped on Gaza" [^22]. Amnesty France in 2025 called on the French government to halt arms transfers to Israel, specifically citing MBDA's component supply role and Airbus's 37.5% shareholding in MBDA Group [^27]. *Usine Nouvelle* reported in 2025 that both Airbus and MBDA had been placed under formal legal notice following identification of MBDA components in civilian-casualty strikes in Gaza [^28].

**NGO Documentation**

The Business & Human Rights Resource Centre (November 2023) invited Airbus to respond to allegations that it had restricted or obscured satellite imagery of Gaza and/or Palestinian territories alongside other satellite image providers [^31][^41]; Airbus responded citing French and German legal obligations but did not directly address the substance of the restriction allegations [^32]. The BHRC also documented in 2022 that the Frontex-contracted Heron systems operated by ADAS/IAI "have been utilized by the Israeli military in its assaults on the Gaza Strip," enabling commercial marketing of the platform as "combat proven" [^30]. BDS UCL published a report in October 2024 titled "UCL, Airbus & Complicity in Israeli Apartheid, Occupation & Genocide," referencing Heron TP deployments during the Iron Swords operation and Airbus's EU research funding partnerships [^33]. The Campaign Against Arms Trade (CAAT) maintains an active MBDA company profile documenting Airbus's shareholding position [^24].

No public evidence identified of Airbus appearing in the OHCHR settlement database (2023 or 2025 editions), the Who Profits database, or the AFSC investigate.afsc.org database. No public evidence identified of Airbus named among the six companies examined in PAX's June 2024 report "Companies Arming Israel and Their Financiers"; the six companies identified in search result summaries of that report are Boeing, General Dynamics, Leonardo, Lockheed Martin, RTX, and Rolls-Royce.

**Boycott, Divestment, and Activist Actions**

Palestine Action (UK) occupied Airbus's London offices to protest the company's Israel-linked weapons arrangements [^34]. In June 2025, two Palestine Action members spray-painted the engine turbines of two RAF Voyager aircraft — Airbus A330 MRTT tankers — at RAF Brize Norton, causing an estimated £7 million in damage [^35][^36]. Five individuals were subsequently charged with criminal damage, and the UK government formally proscribed Palestine Action as a terrorist organisation on 5 July 2025 [^35][^36]. Workers at Airbus's Getafe, Spain facility staged an internal factory march displaying a banner reading "Airbus workers stand in solidarity with Palestine, no to arms sales to Israel" [^37]. French shareholder organisations Actionnaires pour le Climat and Cogeres issued formal legal notice to Airbus and MBDA in September 2025 demanding publication of a vigilance plan on human rights obligations [^29].

**Corporate Response and Governance**

Airbus provided no public statement in response to the July 2025 *Guardian*/Disclose/Follow the Money investigation into MBDA's GBU-39 supply role [^22]. Airbus's November 2023 response to the BHRC's satellite imagery allegation cited French and German legal obligations without directly addressing the substance of the restriction claim [^32]. At both the 2024 and 2025 Annual General Meetings, all resolutions submitted were approved and no Palestine- or Gaza-specific shareholder resolutions were put to a vote [^38]. Airbus is reportedly working with Spain's Ministry of Defence on a plan to reduce its dependence on Israeli technology but has disclosed no timeline, milestones, or contractual commitments [^19].

---

## End Notes

[^1]: https://www.airbus.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2024-05-the-heron-tp-rpas-produced-by-uav-peo-at-the-directorate-of-defense

[^2]: https://www.airbus.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2018-06-airbus-signs-contract-for-heron-tp-drones-with-the-german-armed

[^3]: https://www.airbus.com/en/products-services/defence/uas/uas-services/german-heron-tp

[^4]: https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/defense-news/article-767810

[^5]: https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/10/11/Germany-allows-Israel-s-use-of-Heron-TP-combat-drones-in-response-to-Hamas-attacks

[^6]: https://www.armyrecognition.com/news/army-news/2023/germany-approves-the-use-of-his-heron-tp-drones-by-israel-due-to-the-gaza-war

[^7]: https://euro-sd.com/2024/02/sponsored-content/36269/heron-uav-impact-iron-swords/

[^8]: https://breakingdefense.com/2019/06/lockheed-teams-with-airbus-elta-rafael-for-israeli-contracts-us-cash/

[^9]: https://www.defenceiq.com/air-forces-military-aircraft/press-releases/airbus-military-and-israel-aerospace-industries-co

[^10]: https://www.airbus.com/en/newsroom/stories/2024-12-frontex-selects-airbus-for-maritime-surveillance

[^11]: https://www.statewatch.org/news/2020/november/frontex-awards-50-million-in-border-surveillance-drone-contracts-to-airbus-iai-and-elbit/

[^12]: https://euro-sd.com/2025/01/major-news/41918/frontex-heron-ops-continue/

[^13]: https://www.elbitsystems.com/news/elbit-systems-awarded-260-million-contract-supply-dircm-self-protection-systems-germanys-a400m

[^14]: https://www.airforce-technology.com/news/airbus-elbit-system-german-a400m/

[^15]: https://theaviationist.com/2025/09/15/germany-first-a400m-equipped-with-dircm/

[^16]: https://www.ynetnews.com/article/hkk5gvz4bl

[^17]: https://www.jpost.com/business-and-innovation/article-881830

[^18]: https://russpain.com/en/news-3/spain-allows-airbus-to-import-military-equipment-from-israel-to-protect-jobs-360881/

[^19]: https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2025/12/spain-exempts-airbus-israeli-tech-ban

[^20]: https://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/lang/en/gobierno/councilministers/paginas/2025/20250923-council-press-conference.aspx

[^21]: https://disclose.ngo/en/article/european-missile-group-mbda-selling-parts-for-bombs-that-have-killed-children-in-gaza

[^22]: https://aoav.org.uk/2025/profits-from-fire-how-mbdas-uk-links-tie-britain-to-bombs-dropped-on-gaza/

[^23]: https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/europe-s-largest-missile-maker-linked-to-bombs-used-in-deadly-gaza-strikes-guardian/3635077

[^24]: https://caat.org.uk/data/companies/mbda-bae-systems-airbus-leonardo/

[^25]: https://www.upi.com/Defense-News/2017/11/01/MBDA-Inc-to-produce-parts-for-Small-Diameter-Bomb/7541509542875/

[^26]: https://armyrecognition.com/archives/archives-land-defense/land-defense-2023/israel-aerospace-industries-signs-cooperation-agreement-with-mbda-germany-to-market-loitering-munitions

[^27]: https://www.amnesty.fr/conflits-armes-et-populations/actualites/gaza-transferts-armes-mbda-fabricant-europeen-missiles

[^28]: https://www.usinenouvelle.com/aero-spatial/defense/mbda-et-airbus-attaques-sur-leur-devoir-de-vigilance-apres-lusage-de-composants-du-missilier-dans-des-bombardements-accuses-davoir-tue-des-civils-a-gaza.HGVYNNFFMJG6RFH65OG2TDY7W4.html

[^29]: https://actionnairespourleclimat.org/index.php/2025/09/19/actionnaires-pour-le-climat-met-en-demeure-airbus-et-sa-filiale-mbda-de-publier-leur-plan-de-vigilance/

[^30]: https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/frontexs-contracted-companies-reportedly-operating-surveillance-equipment-to-monitor-migrants--refugees-crossing-the-mediterranean-utilized-by-the-israeli-military-in-its-assaults-on-gaza-incl-co-responses/

[^31]: https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/palestine-satelite-image-companies-restrict-obscure-images-of-gaza/

[^32]: https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/airbus-did-not-respond-to-allegations-about-restricting-satelite-imagery-in-gaza-palestine/

[^33]: https://bdsatucl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Airbus-UCL-FINAL.pdf

[^34]: https://electronicintifada.net/blogs/ali-abunimah/video-london-activists-occupy-airbus-protest-israel-weapons-deals

[^35]: https://www.itv.com/news/meridian/2025-08-23/man-in-court-over-palestine-action-paint-damage-on-raf-aircraft

[^36]: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/7/4/palestine-action-what-has-the-group-done-as-it-faces-a-ban

[^37]: https://jacobin.com/2023/12/palestine-gaza-unions-workers-solidarity-international-movement-weapons-trade

[^38]: https://www.airbus.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2025-04-airbus-shareholders-approve-all-resolutions-at-2025-agm

[^39]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurocopter_AS565_Panther

[^40]: https://www.seaforces.org/marint/Israeli-Navy/AS565MA-Atalef.htm

[^41]: https://www.semafor.com/article/11/05/2023/satellite-companies-are-restricting-gaza-images

[^42]: https://www.timesofisrael.com/israeli-cybersecurity-firm-team8-gets-walmart-airbus-backing-for-85m-fund/

[^43]: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/notice-to-exporters-202420-suspension-of-licences-for-israel/nte-202420-suspension-of-licences-for-israel

[^44]: https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-9964/

[^45]: https://defensemirror.com/news/36793/Made_for_Germany_Israeli_Heron_TP_UAV_Marks_First_Flight_Over_German_Airspace

[^46]: https://defence-industry.eu/frontex-selects-airbus-in-partnership-with-israel-aerospace-industries-for-maritime-surveillance/

[^47]: https://www.timesofisrael.com/helicopter-in-deadly-crash-was-25-year-old-aircraft-mostly-used-for-missions-at-sea/

[^48]: https://www.flightglobal.com/military-uavs/2018/06/germany-approves-heron-tp-purchase/

[^49]: https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/elta-airbus-offer-c295-operators-aew-conversion-432206/

[^50]: https://www.novethic.fr/economie-et-social/droits-humains/conflit-a-gaza-airbus-et-sa-filiale-mbda-mis-en-demeure-sur-leur-devoir-de-vigilance

[^51]: https://www.eunews.it/en/2025/07/17/guardian-european-missiles-sold-to-israel-linked-to-gaza-strikes-that-killed-children/

[^52]: https://www.france-palestine.org/MBDA-mise-en-demeure-pour-les-manquements-de-son-plan-de-vigilance-et-son

[^53]: https://www.asdnews.com/news/defense/2026/03/23/over-10k-flight-hours-adas-delivers-turnkey-heron-1-uas-services-frontexmalta

[^54]: https://www.armyrecognition.com/news/aerospace-news/2024/germany-collabrates-with-israel-to-develops-heron-reco-uav

[^55]: https://www.navaltoday.com/2024/12/24/heron-uav-to-patrol-mediterranean-skies-as-part-of-extended-adas-iai-partnership-with-frontex/ ```