INDEX / DIRECTORY / BNP PARIBAS

BNP Paribas

Banking 77 CITED SOURCES UPDATED 2026-08-06
BDS-1000 Score 508 /1000 C Tier C - High
Military ↗ 3.03 Digital ↗ 0.01 Economic ↗ 6.50 Political ↗ 5.11

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BNP Paribas - BDS-1000 Dossier

Key Findings

  • Economic: Civil-society financial-research coalitions identify BNP Paribas as Europe’s largest lender/underwriter to companies linked to Israeli settlements and to arms producers supplying Israel, with cited exposures ranging from roughly $17.3 billion (2018–2021) to as high as $32.7 billion (2021–2024) depending on methodology and period, and the bank underwrote $2–8 billion in Israeli sovereign bonds issued during and after the Gaza war.1234
  • Military (financial, not material): BNP Paribas is documented as the only European bank continuing to finance Elbit Systems, Israel’s largest arms manufacturer, with SEC filings separately confirming a BNP Paribas Arbitrage SA equity position in Elbit shares as of March 2025 - a holding the bank has publicly denied in terms not fully reconcilable with the filing.156
  • Political/Legal: A French lawyers’ association (JURDI) filed a civil “duty of vigilance” lawsuit against BNP Paribas in June 2025 alleging non-disclosure of its Israeli bond and Elbit financing, a proceeding that remains unresolved.789
  • Not found: No public evidence identifies BNP Paribas as a manufacturer, supplier, or technology provider to the Israeli military, intelligence services, or occupation infrastructure - its documented nexus is exclusively financial (lending, underwriting, equity trading), and no Israeli-origin surveillance or defence technology has been identified in its own technology stack.

Target Profile

FieldDetail
Company NameBNP Paribas SA
JurisdictionFrance (Paris) - formed via the 2000 merger of Banque Nationale de Paris and Paribas10
HeadquartersParis, France; no dual or legacy Israel headquarters identified10
SectorUniversal/diversified banking and financial services (retail, corporate, investment banking, insurance via BNP Paribas Cardif)
OwnershipPublicly listed (Euronext Paris); institutional investors hold approximately 70.46% of capital, with BlackRock (6.09%, Nov 2024), the Belgian state vehicle SFPI/FPIM (5.67%, July 2025 - a legacy of the 2008–2009 Fortis bailout), and Amundi (5.02%, Dec 2024) as largest disclosed holders. No Israeli state or Israeli-capital ownership stake identified.1112
Key Executives / GovernanceJean-Laurent Bonnafé (CEO) and Jean Lemierre (Chairman) are the named leadership figures in the record; no personal statements, donations, or advocacy-organization ties to Israel/Palestine have been documented for either, and UNI Global Union’s October 2025 letter addressed to Bonnafé has received no documented reply.13
Israeli-Nexus SummaryA financial-only nexus: large-scale lending, underwriting and equity trading tied to Israeli-settlement-linked corporations, Israeli arms suppliers (notably Elbit Systems), and Israeli sovereign bonds; a former Tel Aviv branch downgraded to a representative office in 2011; no manufacturing, military-technology, or direct-service relationship with Israeli state or defence bodies identified.

Key Facts:

Executive Summary

BNP Paribas is a French universal bank with no manufacturing, retail, or technology-supply relationship to Israel or the occupied Palestinian territories; the entirety of its documented Israel/Palestine nexus runs through its core function as a lender, bond underwriter, and securities trader. Across four independently reviewed domains - military, digital, economic, and political - the evidentiary record is heavily weighted toward the economic and political vectors, thin in the military vector (and there, exclusively financial rather than material), and essentially absent in the digital-technology vector.

The strongest documented threads are financial-sector ones. Multiple NGO and financial-research investigations - BankTrack/Don’t Buy Into Occupation (DBIO), PAX-led coalition reporting, Oxfam’s “Trading with Settlements” campaign, and the UN Special Rapporteur’s July 2025 report - converge on describing BNP Paribas as one of Europe’s largest financiers of both Israeli-settlement-linked corporations and of companies supplying weapons to Israel, with cited totals ranging from roughly $17.3 billion (a 2018–2021 dataset) to $28–32.7 billion (2021–2024 datasets), depending on methodology, scope, and time window.1219420 Separately, BNP Paribas underwrote a share of Israel’s international sovereign bond issuances during and shortly after the Gaza war, including a $2 billion tranche of an $8 billion issuance completed in March 2024, and NGO researchers along with the SEC’s 13F disclosure regime independently documented the bank’s exposure to Elbit Systems, Israel’s largest arms manufacturer.31816 The bank disputes some of this characterization: it states it does not itself own or finance Elbit shares (attributing a 2025 Elbit trade to a US brokerage entity acting solely on a client’s instruction) and that its post-October-2023 Israeli bond exposure derives from deals “arranged with other banks before the conflict.”53 These denials are not straightforwardly reconcilable with the SEC 13F-HR filing showing a BNP Paribas Arbitrage SA equity position in Elbit as of March 2025, or with NGO-documented loan and underwriting data - a genuine, unresolved discrepancy that this dossier records rather than resolves.61

What is not supported by the evidence is any material or technological military nexus. BNP Paribas does not manufacture, distribute, or service any product; no procurement record identifies it as a vendor to the Israeli Ministry of Defense, IDF, or Israel Prison Service; and no evidence identifies logistics, base-services, or construction-contracting activity. In the digital-technology domain, the bank’s principal AI partnership (Mistral AI) has no identified Israeli ties, its biometric-payment technology comes from Thales and Fingerprint Cards (Swedish/French), and its one Israeli-origin vendor relationship - NICE Actimize, used by its India entity for anti-money-laundering compliance - is a commercial financial-crime-detection tool with no documented surveillance, military, or occupation-infrastructure application.2122232425

Politically, the record shows sustained, escalating civil-society and legal scrutiny rather than corporate advocacy or state-partnership activity: campaigns by BDS Movement, AFPS/Attac/BDS France (“Banque Complice”), UNI Global Union, and Belgian NGOs (11.11.11, FairFin) targeting the bank’s financing choices; a UN Special Rapporteur report naming BNP Paribas among financiers of Israeli-settlement-linked and arms-supplying companies; and the pending JURDI vigilance-law lawsuit in Paris.26271328297 BNP Paribas’s public response has been largely reactive and defensive - a July 2025 “factual information” statement and case-by-case denials - contrasting with the bank’s more proactive, explicit divestment communications following Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine.303132

These findings support a BDS-1000 Final V4 score of BRS 508, Tier C (High): a profile driven overwhelmingly by economic-domain intensity (Economic = 6.50, the highest of the four domains) and reinforced by political-domain exposure (Political = 5.11), while the military domain score (Military = 3.03) reflects financial-only proximity to arms production rather than direct materiel supply, and the digital domain (Digital = 0.01) reflects an almost entirely clean technology-supply record.

Timeline of Relevant Events

DateEvent
1996BNP Paribas opens a representative office in Israel.15
Feb 2007Representative office upgraded to full Bank of Israel-licensed branch status, following an October 2005 application - the fourth foreign bank to achieve this.1416
Nov 2011Branch downgraded back to a representative office with ~50 layoffs; Israeli officials suspected BDS-related pressure, while BNP Paribas cited Greek-crisis losses and inability to gain large-corporate-credit market share.333414
Jan 2018–May 2021DBIO/CorpWatch data period documenting $17.3–17 billion in BNP Paribas loans/underwriting to settlement-linked companies, including Elbit Systems ($38m), Caterpillar ($1.9m), HeidelbergCement ($597m), Airbnb ($451m), Booking.com ($592m).135
2021–2023Period cited by VRT/PAX for €5.7 billion in BNP Paribas loans/underwriting to arms producers (Leonardo, RTX, Boeing, Rolls-Royce, General Dynamics) supplying Israel.217
2021–2023UN Special Rapporteur’s later report cites $410 million in BNP Paribas loans to Leonardo and $5.2 billion in loans/underwriting to UN-settlement-database-listed companies over this period.2936
7 Oct 2023–Jan 2025BNP Paribas is one of seven banks that underwrote a combined $19.4 billion in Israeli government bonds issued in this window, per Profundo/BankTrack research.37
5 Mar 2024SEC filing documents an $8 billion multi-tranche State of Israel bond issuance naming BNP Paribas among underwriters; BNP Paribas states this was its last international Israeli sovereign underwriting.183
Jun 2024PAX-led 19-organisation coalition names BNP Paribas “by far the largest finance provider” to six arms producers supplying Israel.217
25 Sep–Nov 2024”Banque Complice” campaign (AFPS/Attac/BDS France) stages branch actions across French cities.27
Nov 2024DBIO Coalition report states BNP Paribas benefited from/provided $32.73 billion in capital tied to the occupation, Jan 2021–Aug 2024.4
Dec 2024JURDI formally notifies BNP Paribas that its 2024 vigilance plan omits Israel-linked financing disclosure.7
Jan–Q1 2025BNP Paribas Securities Corp North America reportedly trades ~2 million Elbit Systems shares; SEC 13F-HR (filed 14 May 2025) shows BNP Paribas Arbitrage SA holding 5,360 ESLT shares ($2,056,525) as of 31 March 2025, a reported 4,862.96% quarter-on-quarter increase.2856
Mar 2025BNP Paribas declines to amend its vigilance plan in response to JURDI’s request.7
Mar–May 2025Belgian activist groups target BNP Paribas Fortis branches in multiple cities demanding Elbit divestment.38
Sep 2025Oxfam’s “Trading with Settlements” campaign names BNP Paribas (with HSBC) among top creditors to settlement-linked corporations, $28 billion Jan 2021–Aug 2024.1939
27 Jun 2025JURDI files civil summons against BNP Paribas at the Tribunal Judiciaire de Paris.89
30 Jun–1 Jul 2025UN Special Rapporteur Francesca Albanese’s report A/HRC/59/23 names BNP Paribas among financiers of Israeli treasury bonds and the arms industry supplying Israel.293640
Jul 2025BNP Paribas publishes “Factual Information Regarding the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict” statement.30
8 Oct 2025UNI Global Union publicly calls on BNP Paribas to cut ties with occupied-Palestinian-territory-linked financing.1341
Late 2025–Jun 2026Per Novara Media, BNP Paribas announces withdrawal from Israeli international sovereign-bond underwriting while continuing to purchase Israeli bonds via the domestic market, per the Israeli Ministry of Finance.42

Corporate Overview

BNP Paribas SA was formed by the 2000 merger of Banque Nationale de Paris and Paribas, both French institutions, with BNP’s own lineage tracing to nationalised banks merged in 1966 and privatised in 1993; the group has always been headquartered in Paris.10 It is a diversified, listed universal bank spanning retail banking, corporate and institutional banking, and insurance (via subsidiary BNP Paribas Cardif). No Israeli-origin ownership, board appointment, or founding tie has been identified.

The group’s only formal Israeli corporate presence has been a representative office/branch structure: opened in 1996, upgraded to a full Bank of Israel-licensed branch in 2007, and downgraded back to a representative office in November 2011 following layoffs of roughly 50 staff, with a current representative office reported at 4 Rue Weizmann, Tel Aviv.141516 No public evidence identifies an Israeli subsidiary, franchise, joint venture, or corporate acquisition. BNP Paribas India separately selected NICE Actimize, an Israeli-founded financial-crime compliance vendor, for AML/fraud/compliance tooling, though contract terms and implementation date could not be confirmed.2122 No public evidence identifies an R&D facility, engineering office, or innovation lab located in Israel; the bank maintains a listing on the Startup Nation Finder platform indicating some ecosystem engagement, but no acquisition or accelerator relationship was identified through it.43

Domain Summaries

Military: Military

Mechanism of Involvement

BNP Paribas’s military-domain nexus is exclusively financial. It has no documented role as a defence contractor, dual-use product supplier, or logistics/base-services provider to Israeli military, prison, or border-police bodies.117 Its documented links to Israeli military-relevant activity run through (a) lending and underwriting to construction/heavy-equipment firms NGOs tie to demolitions and settlement construction - Caterpillar ($1.9 million) and HeidelbergCement ($597 million) in the 2018–2021 DBIO dataset - and (b) direct financing of Elbit Systems, Israel’s largest arms manufacturer, comprising $38 million in NGO-documented loans/underwriting, a separately reported $500 million consortium-loan participation, an SEC-disclosed BNP Paribas Arbitrage SA equity position in Elbit (5,360 shares, $2,056,525, as of 31 March 2025), and a reported ~2 million-share Elbit trade by BNP Paribas Securities Corp North America in Q1 2025.12856 BankTrack and DBIO researchers describe BNP Paribas as the only European bank continuing to finance Elbit.1 On sovereign debt, the bank underwrote a share of Israel’s $8 billion March 2024 bond issuance and, per Follow the Money, roughly $2 billion in post-7-October deals it says were arranged before the war began.318 A June 2024 PAX-led coalition report separately identifies BNP Paribas as the largest European financier of six arms producers (Boeing, General Dynamics, Leonardo, Lockheed Martin, RTX, Rolls-Royce) supplying weapons to Israel, at €5.7 billion since 2021.217

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

BNP Paribas states, via BNP Paribas Fortis, that its US brokerage entity “only acted as a broker for a client” in the 2025 Elbit trade and that the bank “itself did not and does not own shares in Elbit Systems Ltd., nor does it finance Elbit” - a denial genuinely in tension with, but not conclusively refuted by, the SEC 13F-HR filing naming BNP Paribas Arbitrage SA as a reporting ESLT holder.286 The bank also states its Israeli-bond underwriting role “as an intermediary is now over” and that its post-7-October exposure derives from pre-war arrangements.3 No public evidence identifies BNP Paribas as a manufacturer, dual-use technology supplier, logistics provider, or party to any procurement, export-licence, or sanctions action tied to Israeli military activity - its role throughout is that of a financier of third-party manufacturers, not a direct participant in weapons production or military logistics.

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Elbit Systems (financing/equity, disputed by the bank); Caterpillar and HeidelbergCement (indirect construction-equipment financing); State of Israel (sovereign-bond underwriting); BNP Paribas Arbitrage SA and BNP Paribas Securities Corp North America (the specific reporting/trading entities named in filings and NGO investigations).12856318

Digital: Digital

Mechanism of Involvement

The digital-technology record is almost entirely negative. BNP Paribas’s principal generative-AI partnership is with Mistral AI, a French company with no identified Israeli ties, covering group-wide deployment and cybersecurity applications.234445 Its cloud infrastructure relationship is with IBM (US-headquartered), expanding through 2028 for DORA compliance.4647 Its biometric technologies - Daon (Irish/US) for wealth-management authentication and Thales/Fingerprint Cards (Swedish/French) for payment cards - are non-Israeli.244825 The single identified Israeli-origin vendor relationship is NICE Actimize, selected by BNP Paribas India for AML/fraud/compliance analytics - a commercial compliance tool, not a surveillance or military product.2122 BNP Paribas Bank Polska separately uses Verint Speech Analytics and Coaching Bots for contact-centre operations; Verint originated as a unit of Israeli firm Comverse in 1994 before renaming in 2002 and retaining Israeli engineering roots ahead of a 2025 non-Israeli (Thoma Bravo) buyout.4950515253

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

No public evidence identifies any BNP Paribas contract, partnership, or technology-service relationship with the Israeli Ministry of Defence, IDF, or Israeli intelligence bodies; no evidence identifies Israeli data-centre presence, Project Nimbus participation, offensive cyber-capability development, or AI training on surveillance-derived Israeli/Palestinian data. The bank’s Israeli technology footprint is confined to two commercial vendor relationships (NICE Actimize; historically Verint, now divested from Israeli ownership) used for conventional financial-compliance and customer-service functions, with no documented onward military or occupation-infrastructure application.

Named Entities and Evidence Map

NICE Actimize (Israeli-founded, AML/compliance vendor - used by BNP Paribas India); Verint (historically Israeli-linked, now Thoma Bravo-owned - speech analytics at BNP Paribas Bank Polska); Mistral AI, IBM, Daon, Thales, Fingerprint Cards (all non-Israeli, cited to affirmatively rule out an Israeli nexus in the bank’s core technology stack).21224923462425

Economic: Economic

Mechanism of Involvement

This is the domain with the deepest evidentiary base. Independent research coalitions using overlapping but non-identical methodologies and time windows document BNP Paribas as one of the largest - by several counts the single largest - European financiers of both Israeli-settlement-linked companies and arms suppliers to Israel: $17.3 billion in loans/underwriting to 27 of 50 studied settlement-linked firms (DBIO/BankTrack, 2018–2021, plus $3.34 billion in bonds/shareholdings);1 $22.2 billion in loans/underwriting (2020–2023) per BDS Movement;26 €5.7 billion specifically to arms producers supplying Israel since 2021 (PAX coalition);217 $28 billion to settlement-linked companies (Oxfam, Jan 2021–Aug 2024);1939 and $32.73 billion (DBIO, Jan 2021–Aug 2024).4 Named counterparties include Elbit Systems, Caterpillar, HeidelbergCement, Booking.com, Airbnb, TripAdvisor, Siemens (including $1.2 billion tied to the A1 settlement rail line), Alstom, and Volvo.11926 BNP Paribas also underwrote Israeli sovereign bonds: a $2 billion tranche of the $8 billion March 2024 issuance, part of a seven-bank consortium underwriting $19.4 billion in Israeli government bonds issued between 7 October 2023 and January 2025.1837

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

BNP Paribas states it “does not provide any disputable financing,” that financing to named companies “supports projects deployed in Europe as well as elsewhere in the world,” that it “evaluates its financing decisions on a case-by-case basis,” and that its role as an Israeli-bond underwriting intermediary “is now over,” with post-7-October exposure attributed to pre-war arrangements.330 The cited exposure figures vary substantially by source, methodology, and time window ($17.3bn to $32.7bn), which the audits flag as a genuine reconciliation gap rather than a single settled figure. No public evidence identifies BNP Paribas as a listed entity on the OHCHR settlement-business database itself - it is documented as a financier of listed companies, not as a directly listed settlement enterprise.5455 No public evidence identifies direct commercial sourcing, agribusiness, or product-retail relationships (not applicable to a bank), nor Israel-specific revenue disclosure - its representative-office-only status since 2011 suggests minimal direct local revenue.14

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Elbit Systems, Caterpillar, HeidelbergCement, Siemens, Booking.com, Airbnb, TripAdvisor, Volvo, Alstom (financed settlement/arms-linked counterparties); State of Israel (sovereign-bond underwriting); BNP Paribas Asset Management and BNP Paribas Cardif (no dedicated Israeli-bond fund or Israel-linked insurance risk identified).1181926

Political: Political

Mechanism of Involvement

BNP Paribas’s political-domain profile is defined by sustained third-party scrutiny and a defensive/reactive corporate posture rather than affirmative advocacy. The July 2025 UN Special Rapporteur report (A/HRC/59/23) names BNP Paribas among financiers of Israeli treasury bonds and the arms industry supplying Israel, citing $410 million to Leonardo and $5.2 billion to UN-settlement-database-listed companies (2021–2023).293640 Civil-society campaigns include BDS Movement’s dedicated BNP Paribas page,26 the “Banque Complice” campaign by AFPS/Attac France/BDS France with branch actions across French cities (Sept–Nov 2024),27 Belgian branch actions targeting BNP Paribas Fortis (Mar–May 2025),38 UNI Global Union’s October 2025 letter to CEO Bonnafé,1341 and FIDH’s August 2024 letter demanding disclosure.5657 JURDI’s June 2025 civil vigilance-law lawsuit remains the most significant unresolved legal development.789

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

BNP Paribas’s own communications - a July 2025 “Factual Information” statement and denials issued in response to press/NGO allegations - frame its conduct as case-by-case commercial evaluation rather than conflict-specific policy, and the bank has publicly rejected JURDI’s disclosure demand as effectively seeking an “unlawful boycott.”30 No public evidence identifies disciplinary action against employees for pro-Palestinian speech, content-moderation controversies (not applicable to a bank), military-heritage branding, “Brand Israel” cultural-sponsorship participation, US lobbying filings on Israel-related legislation, or financial contributions to Friends of the IDF, JNF/KKL, Regavim, or comparable organizations by BNP Paribas or its named executives (Bonnafé, Lemierre).13 By contrast, the bank’s conduct following Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine was markedly more proactive - explicit sanctions-compliance and business-cessation statements with disclosed exposure figures - a documented asymmetry the audits note without further characterization.3132

Named Entities and Evidence Map

JURDI (litigant), UNI Global Union, BDS Movement, AFPS/Attac France/BDS France, FIDH, 11.11.11/FairFin (campaigners); UN Special Rapporteur Francesca Albanese (A/HRC/59/23); Jean-Laurent Bonnafé (CEO), Jean Lemierre (Chairman) - named but with no documented personal statements or ties.71326292756

BDS-1000 Score (V4)

DomainIMPV-Domain Score
Military5.506.004.503.03
Digital1.000.500.500.01
Economic7.006.507.506.50
Political6.505.507.005.11

V_MAX is set by Economic: the depth, consistency, and scale of independently-sourced financing figures across multiple NGO and civil-society investigations (BankTrack/DBIO, PAX, Oxfam, UN Special Rapporteur) make this the most heavily evidenced domain, reflecting both high impact-type (I=7.0, direct capital provision) and high magnitude/proximity (M=6.5, P=7.5, large sums directly underwriting or lending to settlement- and arms-linked entities and Israeli sovereign debt). Political (5.11) and Military (3.03) contribute substantial but secondary weight - political scrutiny and legal exposure are extensive, while the military domain is scored down by its financial-only (non-material) character. Digital (0.01) is negligible, reflecting an almost entirely clean digital-technology supply record. The resulting Tier C (High) classification and BRS of 508 were produced by the scale-free Impact × magnitude/proximity methodology described below, applied strictly to evidence in the four domain audits and subject to human vetting.

Methodology Note

End Notes

Footnotes

  1. https://www.banktrack.org/article/bnp_paribas_under_the_spotlight_for_major_exposure_to_companies_supporting_illegal_israeli_settlements ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9 ↩10 ↩11 ↩12 ↩13 ↩14 ↩15

  2. https://paxforpeace.nl/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/06/The-Companies-Arming-Israel-and-Their-Financiers-June-2024.pdf ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7

  3. https://www.ftm.eu/articles/israel-gaza-war-funding-western-banks-insurers ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9

  4. https://dontbuyintooccupation.org/reports/dont-buy-into-occupation-report-2024/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  5. https://www.brusselstimes.com/1636504/bnp-paribas-accused-of-trading-shares-of-israeli-defence-company ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  6. https://fintel.io/so/us/eslt/bnp-paribas-arbitrage ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8

  7. https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/french-banking-giant-bnp-paribas-sued-over-failure-disclose-activities ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7

  8. https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/france-bnp-paribas-assign%C3%A9-en-justice-pour-avoir-omis-de-mentionner-ses-liens-avec-isra%C3%ABl/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  9. https://www.rse-magazine.com/bnp-paribas-devoir-vigilance-justice-credits-garanties-israel/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  10. https://www.corp-research.org/bnp-paribas ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  11. https://invest.bnpparibas/en/bnp-paribas-share ↩

  12. https://investing.com/news/stock-market-news/belgium-to-prepare-operation-on-sale-of-stake-in-bnp-paribas-sfpi-says-3017424 ↩

  13. https://uniglobalunion.org/news/uni-calls-on-bnp-paribas-to-cut-ties-with-occupied-palestinian-territories/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  14. https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-1000698274 ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  15. https://www.globes.co.il/news/article.aspx?did=1000179241 ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  16. https://boi.org.il/en/communication-and-publications/press-releases/bnp-paribas-bank-was-today-granted-a-license-by-the-bank-of-israel-to-open-a-branch-in-israel/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  17. https://paxforpeace.nl/news/european-financial-institutions-invest-billions-in-arms-companies-that-sell-weapons-to-israel/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  18. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/52749/000110465924031445/tm247783-2_424b5.htm ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7

  19. https://www.oxfam.org/en/press-releases/new-international-joint-campaign-stop-foreign-complicity-israels-illegal-settlement ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  20. https://dontbuyintooccupation.org/reports/dont-buy-into-occupation-report-2025/ ↩

  21. https://itrade.gov.il/uae/2024/12/13/the-rise-of-israeli-aml-technology-fighting-financial-crimes-with-innovation/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  22. https://www.appsruntheworld.com/customers-database/purchases/view/bnp-paribas-india-india-selects-nice-actimize-for-aml-fraud-and-compliance ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  23. https://group.bnpparibas/en/press-release/bnp-paribas-and-mistral-ai-sign-a-partnership-agreement-covering-all-mistral-ai-models ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  24. https://www.biometricupdate.com/201701/bnp-paribas-wealth-management-adds-daon-based-biometric-authentication-product ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  25. https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/markets/digital-identity-and-security/banking-payment/customer-cases/BNP-Paribas-biometric-payment-card ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  26. https://bdsmovement.net/bnp-paribas ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  27. https://www.france-palestine.org/Campagne-Banque-Complice-BNP-Paribas-non-aux-investissements-dans-la ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  28. https://11.be/en/stories/bnp-paribas-invests-israeli-weapons-as-gaza-burns ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  29. https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/country-reports/ahrc5923-economy-occupation-economy-genocide-report-special-rapporteur ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  30. https://cdn-group.bnpparibas.com/uploads/file/BNPParibas_Situation_Middle_East.pdf ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  31. https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/23/investing/french-banks-russia/index.html ↩ ↩2

  32. https://ukrsibbank.com/en/news-post/bnp-paribas-statement-regarding-its-operations-in-russia/ ↩ ↩2

  33. https://electronicintifada.net/blogs/ali-abunimah/officials-suspect-french-megabank-bnp-parisbas-pulled-out-israel-due-boycott ↩

  34. https://imemc.org/article/62562/ ↩

  35. https://www.corpwatch.org/article/europes-banks-funnel-billions-corporations-operating-occupied-palestinian-territories ↩

  36. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/sessions-regular/session59/advance-version/a-hrc-59-23-aev.pdf ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  37. https://www.banktrack.org/news/seven_underwriters_of_war_bonds_instrumental_in_enabling_israel_s_assault_on_gaza_new_research_finds ↩ ↩2

  38. https://www.brusselstimes.com/1565929/bnp-paribas-fortis-branches-targeted-by-pro-palestinian-actions-tbtb ↩ ↩2

  39. https://www.oxfam.org/en/stop-trade-with-settlements ↩ ↩2

  40. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/7/1/un-report-lists-companies-complicit-in-israels-genocide-who-are-they ↩ ↩2

  41. https://uniglobalunion.org/wp-content/uploads/2025_10_08-UNI_Palestine_BNPP-FINAL-ENG.pdf ↩ ↩2

  42. https://novaramedia.com/2026/06/08/european-banks-are-stopping-financing-israels-genocide/ ↩

  43. https://finder.startupnationcentral.org/mnc_page/bnp-paribas ↩

  44. https://group.bnpparibas/en/press-release/bnp-paribas-and-mistral-ai-extend-their-partnership-to-support-the-next-phase-of-generative-ai-deployment-within-the-group ↩

  45. https://www.finextra.com/newsarticle/47813/bnp-paribas-partners-mistral-to-strengthen-ai-defences ↩

  46. https://www.computerweekly.com/news/252486479/BNP-Paribas-joins-IBM-financial-services-cloud-project ↩ ↩2

  47. https://www.cloudcomputing-news.net/news/bnp-paribas-expands-ibm-cloud-partnership-to-boost-resilience/ ↩

  48. https://www.biometricupdate.com/202101/bnp-paribas-to-begin-issuing-biometric-payment-cards-to-all-customers-within-6-months ↩

  49. https://www.verint.com/case-studies/bnp-paribas-poland/ ↩ ↩2

  50. https://www.verint.com/wp-content/uploads/BNP-Paribas-case-study.pdf ↩

  51. https://www.verint.com/case-studies/bnp-paribas/ ↩

  52. https://www.calcalistech.com/ctechnews/article/tlsofrrb2 ↩

  53. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comverse_Technology ↩

  54. https://www.ohchr.org/en/business/bhr-database ↩

  55. https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2025/09/un-human-rights-office-updates-database-businesses-involved-israeli ↩

  56. https://www.fidh.org/fr/themes/entreprises-droits-humains-et-environnement/responsabilite-des-entreprises/bnp-paribas-israel-guerre-emissions-obligations-etat ↩ ↩2

  57. https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/courrier_pdg_bnp_paribas_02-08-2024.pdf ↩