BP ECONOMIC

Target: BP p.l.c., relevant subsidiaries, joint ventures, distributors, and investments.

Research date: 26 October 2026.

Evidence period: Historical corporate information through 26 October 2026.

Supply Chain & Sourcing Relationships

Petroleum supply through Azerbaijan

During October 2023–July 2024, Oil Change International identified Azerbaijan as supplying approximately 28% of crude oil imported into Israel during its study period, with Azerbaijani crude transported through the Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline to Turkey before onward shipment to Israel.¹

The August 2024 investigation attributed approximately 8% of Israel’s crude oil imports during its study period to BP using the company’s attributable upstream production interests rather than verified direct-sales contracts with individual Israeli purchasers.²

BP operates major Azerbaijani upstream assets connected to the BTC export system, including Azeri-Chirag-Gunashli; Report.az reported in February 2025 that ACG production averaged approximately 342,000 barrels per day during 2024.³

Oil Change International’s March 2024 investigation identified BP and other international energy companies as participants in production and transport infrastructure associated with crude oil shipments reaching Israel, while distinguishing military-specific refined-fuel shipments from the general crude supply chain.⁴

Oil Change International’s November 2025 update tracked 323 shipments containing approximately 21.2 million tonnes of crude oil and refined petroleum products delivered to Israel between November 2023 and October 2025; the investigation attributed approximately 70% of crude supplies to Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan combined.⁵

The November 2025 dataset documents petroleum flows continuing after 19 July 2024 and November 2024, although it does not establish BP as the contractual supplier of every shipment attributed to Azerbaijani production.⁶

Named Israeli commercial distribution relationship

Castrol’s official distributor directory identifies Feldman Ron-Paz, at 15 Yosef Levi Street in Israel, as its authorised distributor for the Israeli market.⁷

Feldman Ron-Paz describes itself as Castrol’s national Israeli distributor, offering nationwide coverage through local points of sale, dealers, and direct marketing operations.⁸

The distributor identifies automotive, motorcycle, transmission, agricultural, heavy-duty, and industrial lubricants among its product categories.⁸

The available corporate directory establishes an authorised distribution relationship but does not identify Feldman Ron-Paz as a wholly owned BP subsidiary.⁷

Feldman Ron-Paz’s corporate profile states that the business was established in 2010 by New Feldman Ltd and Ron Paz Ltd, identifying separately named founding companies rather than documenting direct BP ownership.⁹

Castrol ownership and contractual attribution

On 24 December 2025, BP announced an agreement to sell a 65% shareholding in Castrol to Stonepeak while retaining a 35% minority interest following completion.¹⁰

Stonepeak’s announcement independently confirms that the transaction concerns a controlling interest in Castrol, whose operations include automotive and industrial lubricants.¹¹

The European Commission’s May 2026 merger notification identified Castrol Group Holdings Ltd and its controlled companies as the transaction perimeter, with BP identified as the existing controller and Stonepeak as the intended acquirer of sole control.¹²

The European Commission issued a decision approving the concentration on 15 June 2026.¹³

Pakistan’s Competition Commission announced approval on 30 July 2026, identifying Motion JVCo Limited as the acquisition vehicle and Stonepeak as the intended indirect controller following completion.¹⁴

BP’s financial statements for the period ending 30 June 2026 continued to describe the transaction as pending and expected to complete by the end of 2026.¹⁵

Castrol’s corporate website also described completion as expected by the end of 2026, subject to necessary approvals.¹⁶

No public evidence identified establishing that the global transaction had legally completed by 26 October 2026.

Under the announced post-completion ownership structure, Stonepeak would hold 65% of Castrol and BP would retain a 35% minority economic interest.¹⁰

The transaction’s agreed structure therefore provides for a future change in controlling ownership of the Castrol business through which the documented Israeli distribution relationship operates.^{10, 12}

No public evidence identified establishing that Feldman Ron-Paz’s authorised distribution agreement was terminated or transferred to another Israeli distributor because of the proposed transaction.

No public evidence identified establishing direct Stonepeak or BP controlling ownership of Feldman Ron-Paz.

Agricultural sourcing and seasonal procurement

No public evidence identified of BP purchasing Israeli fruit, vegetables, dates, citrus, herbs, or other agricultural commodities from Mehadrin, Hadiklaim, Galilee Export, or Agrexco successors.

No public evidence identified of recurring December–April Israeli agricultural procurement by BP.

Importer-of-record structure

The reviewed petroleum supply-chain investigations identify upstream producers, transport routes, and importing destinations but do not establish BP as the importer of record for individual crude shipments received by Israeli refineries.¹

Feldman Ron-Paz identifies itself as the official importer and distributor of Castrol lubricants in Israel, while its corporate disclosures identify separately named founding businesses.⁹

No public evidence identified of a dedicated BP-owned Israeli subsidiary acting as importer of record for agricultural or consumer goods.

Third-party and indirect sourcing

Castrol’s Israeli distribution arrangements establish a commercial route for BP-group lubricants to reach the Israeli market through a separately named local distributor.^{7, 8}

No public evidence identified of specific BP-branded products reaching West Bank or Golan Heights settlements through verified named dealers or transaction records.

Product Origin, Labeling & Regulatory Compliance

Settlement-origin goods

No public evidence identified of BP marketing agricultural products labelled “Produce of Israel” that originated from Israeli settlements in the occupied Palestinian territory.

No public evidence identified of a DEFRA, customs, or other regulatory enforcement finding against BP concerning settlement-origin agricultural goods.

Petroleum product origin and shipping attribution

Oil Change International’s August 2024 analysis identifies Azerbaijan as an originating production area for crude transported through BTC to the Mediterranean terminal at Ceyhan in Turkey before shipment to Israel.¹⁷

The November 2025 investigation distinguishes crude oil production origins from export routes and shipment destinations, including Azerbaijani-origin crude exported through Turkey and Kazakh-origin crude transported through Russia.⁶

These records concern petroleum supply-chain attribution and do not establish a country-of-origin labelling violation by BP.¹⁷

Corporate labelling policy

No public evidence identified of a BP policy specifically addressing country-of-origin labelling of settlement-produced consumer goods.

No public evidence identified of an enforcement action against BP concerning inaccurate identification of the origin of products manufactured in Israeli settlements.

Offshore resource provenance

Adalah reported in February 2024 that exploration licences awarded in Israel’s fourth offshore bidding round included Zone G acreage overlapping maritime boundaries declared by Palestine in 2019; the organisation stated that approximately 62% of Zone G fell within the boundaries it examined.¹⁸

BP’s documented consortium participates in Zone I, while Adalah’s February 2024 quantified overlap allegation specifically concerns Zone G; the reviewed evidence does not establish that BP holds the particular Zone G licences challenged in that investigation.^{18, 19}

In September 2024, Adalah reported that the Israeli Ministry of Energy disputed Palestine’s maritime claims and defended the offshore licensing process as consistent with Israeli and international law.²⁰

Settlement-specific product distribution

Feldman Ron-Paz describes nationwide distribution of Castrol lubricants through local points of sale, dealers, and direct marketing.⁸

No public evidence identified establishing an individual Castrol supply contract, invoice, delivery, or authorised retail outlet within a named settlement in the occupied West Bank, East Jerusalem, or Golan Heights.

Oil Change International dates its updated investigation, “Behind the Barrel: New Insights into the Countries and Companies Behind Israel’s Fuel Supply,” to 19 August 2024. This confirms the existing statement identifying an August 2024 analysis of Azerbaijani crude transported through the Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline to Turkey before onward shipment to Israel. It also corrects the source attribution in existing End Note 9, which cites a separate Oil Change International publication dated 14 March 2024. The March publication was the original investigation; the August report was a subsequent update incorporating additional shipment data through 12 July 2024. Oil Change International separately published a press release announcing the updated findings on 20 August 2024. The relevant report publication date is therefore 19 August 2024, rather than 14 March or 20 August 2024.^{1, 17, 2}

Investment, Capital & Financial Exposure

Direct Israeli offshore investment

NewMed Energy’s corporate disclosure identifies BP Exploration Operating Company Limited, SOCAR, and NewMed Energy as partners in the Israeli Zone I offshore natural gas exploration venture.¹⁹

The stated participation interests are SOCAR 33.34%, BP 33.33%, and NewMed Energy 33.33%, with SOCAR appointed as operator.¹⁹

NewMed announced on 30 October 2023 that the consortium had been selected for six exploration licences in Cluster I near the producing Leviathan gas field.²¹

Energy-sector reporting confirmed that the exploration licences were formally issued on 17 March 2025, establishing BP’s participation in Israel’s offshore natural gas exploration sector.²²

The licensing area covers approximately 1,677 square kilometres within Israel’s claimed exclusive economic zone in the eastern Mediterranean.²³

The partners signed a joint operating agreement on 22 December 2025 governing their respective rights and obligations under the exploration licences.²⁴

In March 2026, Interfax reported an exploration programme budget of approximately $27.85 million, with each of the three participants expected to contribute approximately $9.19 million.²⁴

In a statement reported on 2 June 2026, BP executive Gordon Birrell said that the consortium had not yet begun work on the offshore acreage because of the regional geopolitical situation.²⁵

Later reporting described plans to undertake 3D seismic surveys during autumn 2026, although the reviewed evidence does not establish that those surveys or any drilling had been completed by 26 October 2026.²⁶

Proposed acquisition of NewMed Energy

In 2023, BP and ADNOC proposed investing approximately $2 billion to acquire a combined interest of around 50% in Israel’s NewMed Energy, a significant participant in the Leviathan gas development.²⁷

In March 2024, the negotiations were suspended because of uncertainty in the external environment; the reviewed evidence does not establish completion of the proposed controlling acquisition.²⁷

The proposed acquisition is distinct from BP’s separate 33.33% participating interest in the Zone I exploration consortium.^{19, 27}

Israeli technology investment - StoreDot

[pre-2020] BP Ventures invested $20 million in Israeli battery technology company StoreDot in May 2018, according to contemporary reporting by Chemical & Engineering News.²⁸

[pre-2020] Chemical & Engineering News described StoreDot’s battery technology development, including organic chemical compounds, nanostructured anodes, and ultra-fast-charging lithium-ion battery technology.²⁸

The available disclosure establishes a venture investment and technology relationship but does not demonstrate that BP acquired a controlling ownership interest or wholly owned operating subsidiary.²⁸

No public evidence identified establishing the precise ownership percentage and continuing beneficial ownership of BP’s StoreDot investment as of October 2026.

Acquired Israeli operating subsidiaries

No public evidence identified of BP having completed the acquisition of a controlling interest in an Israeli manufacturing, pharmaceutical, technology, consumer-brand, or infrastructure operating company.

The documented StoreDot transaction was a venture-capital investment, while BP’s NewMed acquisition proposal was suspended; neither establishes a completed wholly owned Israeli operating subsidiary.^{27, 28}

No public evidence identified of Israeli factories acquired and operated as wholly owned BP manufacturing subsidiaries.

Research and development

[pre-2020] BP’s StoreDot investment connected BP Ventures to Israeli battery research and development; contemporary reporting by Chemical & Engineering News described StoreDot’s organic chemical compounds, nanostructured anodes, and fast-charging battery technology.²⁸

No public evidence identified of a wholly owned BP research laboratory, innovation campus, or BP-operated technology accelerator physically established in Israel.

Castrol divestment and retained investment

BP announced the proposed disposal of a 65% controlling shareholding in Castrol on 24 December 2025 at an enterprise valuation of approximately $10.1 billion.¹⁰

The announced transaction provides for approximately $6 billion of net proceeds to BP and a retained 35% minority interest.¹⁰

Stonepeak also announced that Canada Pension Plan Investment Board would invest up to $1.05 billion in connection with the transaction, resulting in an indirect interest in Castrol.¹¹

The announced transaction involves a new joint venture owned 65% by Stonepeak and 35% by BP, with BP retaining an option to sell its remaining interest after a two-year lock-up.¹⁰

The European Commission received notification of Stonepeak’s proposed acquisition of sole control over Castrol Group Holdings Ltd and its controlled companies in May 2026.¹²

The European Commission approved the concentration on 15 June 2026.¹³

Pakistan’s competition regulator announced approval in July 2026, describing Motion JVCo Limited as the special-purpose acquisition vehicle.¹⁴

BP’s half-year 2026 financial statements classified approximately $4.453 billion of Castrol assets as held for sale at 30 June 2026, including approximately $2.713 billion of goodwill, with associated liabilities of approximately $328 million.¹⁵

Those financial statements continued to describe the transaction as expected to complete by the end of 2026, subject to regulatory approvals.¹⁵

No public evidence identified establishing completion before 26 October 2026.

Portfolio and financial-sector exposure

No public evidence identified of BP directly underwriting Israeli sovereign bonds, managing Israel Bonds sales, or operating an Israeli sovereign-debt investment fund.

No public evidence identified of BP underwriting insurance for Israeli military or settlement activities.

No public evidence identified of direct BP lending facilities to Israeli defence manufacturers.

No public evidence identified of BP holding a separately disclosed material portfolio of Israeli sovereign bonds.

Settlement-specific capital investment

No public evidence identified of BP owning factories, warehouses, production infrastructure, or real estate located within identified Israeli settlements in the West Bank, East Jerusalem, or Golan Heights.

NewMed Energy’s primary corporate financial disclosures confirm that the Israeli Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure formally granted the six Zone I exploration licences to BP Exploration Operating Company Limited, SOCAR, and NewMed Energy on 17 March 2025. The licences cover blocks 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 11. This confirms the existing audit statement that the consortium’s exploration licences were formally issued on 17 March 2025. Existing End Note 14, published by Middle East Economic Survey on 14 March 2025, was a prospective report anticipating issuance on 17 March; its publication date was not the licensing date. NewMed’s financial statements for the quarter ended 31 March 2025 independently document the completed grant, establishing 17 March 2025 as the confirmed formal issuance date rather than merely an anticipated date.^{29, 22}

Operational Presence & Market Activity

Israeli natural gas exploration

BP’s participation in the Zone I consortium gives it a direct commercial interest in offshore hydrocarbon exploration licensed by Israel, with SOCAR acting as project operator.¹⁹

The licences were formally issued in March 2025, following the consortium’s selection in October 2023.^{21, 22}

As of 2 June 2026, BP’s Gordon Birrell stated that physical activities under the project had not commenced.²⁵

A March 2026 report described planned seismic studies during 2026 and potential subsequent drilling obligations, subject to the licence terms and results of exploration.²⁴

Castrol’s Israeli market operations

Castrol identifies an authorised distributor located in Israel and serving the Israeli market.⁷

The distributor’s own website describes a warehouse-backed national sales operation supported by local points of sale, dealers, and direct marketing.⁸

Feldman Ron-Paz’s corporate profile identifies its establishment in 2010 by New Feldman Ltd and Ron Paz Ltd.⁹

The distributor reports approximately eight employees and offices in the Haifa Bay area.⁹

It also identifies two logistics centres, located in Haifa and the Be’er Tuvia industrial area, and four delivery trucks operating across the country.⁹

These disclosures establish an Israeli distributor’s commercial and logistics operations but do not demonstrate that BP directly owns the distributor’s listed sales points, logistics centres, or vehicles.^{7, 9}

Castrol ownership transition and operational continuity

Castrol’s December 2025 transaction announcement states that Stonepeak will acquire majority control while BP retains a minority interest after completion.^{10, 11}

Castrol’s corporate website continued to describe the sale as expected to complete by the end of 2026.¹⁶

Castrol USA disclosed that BP Lubricants USA Inc. changed its legal name to Castrol Lubricants USA Inc. effective 15 July 2026.³⁰

The US disclosure identifies the change as part of an ownership transition involving Stonepeak and BP, while describing continuity of customer teams, products, service, and ordinary commercial arrangements.³⁰

The legal-name change concerns the US operating entity and does not independently establish completion of the global transaction.³⁰

No public evidence identified of the Israeli distributor ceasing operations, losing authorisation, or changing ownership because of the proposed Stonepeak transaction.

Israeli workforce and tax contributions

No public evidence identified establishing BP’s direct employee headcount in Israel for October 2026.

Feldman Ron-Paz’s corporate profile states that approximately eight employees work for the Israeli distribution business.⁹

The distributor’s reported workforce cannot be equated with BP’s directly employed Israeli workforce without evidence of corporate ownership or employment arrangements.⁹

No public evidence identified establishing the number of employees attributable to BP’s offshore exploration participation.

No public evidence identified disclosing BP’s actual Israeli corporate income-tax payments, licence-related tax liabilities, or exploration royalties during 2025–2026.

Market positioning

NewMed’s corporate materials present Zone I as part of Israel’s offshore exploration programme and identify the consortium’s proximity to the operating Leviathan gas field.¹⁹

MEES described the March 2025 licensing event as BP’s formal entry into Israel’s natural gas sector, distinguishing it from earlier technology investment and commercial distribution relationships.²²

Military and government procurement

The offshore exploration licences constitute a documented regulatory relationship with the Israeli state through its petroleum licensing system.^{21, 22}

No public evidence identified of a direct BP petroleum supply contract with the Israeli Ministry of Defence.

No public evidence identified of a direct BP contract to supply military jet fuel to the Israeli Air Force.

No public evidence identified of BP providing salary supplements for Israeli military reservists.

No public evidence identified of a named BP charitable matching programme benefiting an Israeli military organisation.

Occupied-territory operations

In February 2024, Adalah and other Palestinian human-rights organisations challenged Israeli offshore licensing affecting maritime areas claimed by Palestine, with their specific geographical evidence focusing on Zone G and additional proposed licensing areas.¹⁸

The Business & Human Rights Resource Centre subsequently invited BP and other companies to respond to allegations concerning offshore exploration near Gaza.³¹

In its response dated 29 May 2026, BP acknowledged holding interests in offshore exploration licences and directed questions concerning those licences to the relevant consortium.³²

The reviewed sources do not establish that BP has undertaken drilling within the specific Zone G maritime acreage challenged by Adalah.^{18, 19}

No public evidence identified establishing BP-controlled terrestrial operations inside a named Israeli settlement.

Corporate Structure & Foundational Ties

Corporate origin and domicile

BP p.l.c. is a British-incorporated energy company whose December 2025 SEC filing identifies its principal executive offices at 1 St James’s Square, London, England.¹⁰

No public evidence identified indicating that BP p.l.c. was founded or originally incorporated in Israel.

No public evidence identified of BP transferring its ultimate corporate domicile or group headquarters to Israel.

Israeli-Nexus Floor factors

Founded in Israel: no public evidence identified.

Israeli headquarters or principal place of management: no public evidence identified.

Israeli tax residency or Preferred Technology Enterprise status: no public evidence identified.

Beneficially owned or controlled by Israeli capital: no public evidence identified establishing Israeli controlling ownership of BP p.l.c.

Israeli operating interests: BP’s 33.33% offshore consortium participation establishes a documented direct economic interest in an Israeli-licensed exploration project.¹⁹

Group attribution

BP’s Israeli-market relationships include the Castrol distribution network, BP Ventures’ historical StoreDot investment, and BP Exploration Operating Company Limited’s participation in the offshore consortium.^{7, 19, 28}

These relationships involve different legal and commercial mechanisms: product distribution, venture investment, and upstream exploration participation.^{7, 19, 28}

The December 2025 Castrol agreement provides for a future change in group control through the proposed sale of 65% of Castrol to Stonepeak.¹⁰

The European Commission’s 2026 merger notification identifies BP as the existing controller of Castrol and Stonepeak as the intended acquirer of sole control.¹²

BP’s June 2026 interim accounts classify the relevant assets as held for sale and describe completion as expected by the end of 2026.¹⁵

No public evidence identified proving legal completion of the transaction by 26 October 2026.

Israeli joint-venture counterparties

NewMed Energy is an Israeli energy partnership holding 33.33% of the Zone I exploration consortium alongside BP and SOCAR.¹⁹

SOCAR, Azerbaijan’s state oil company, holds 33.34% and serves as the venture’s designated operator.¹⁹

NewMed is also associated with the separate Leviathan natural gas development, but the reviewed evidence does not establish BP ownership of NewMed’s existing Leviathan production interests.^{19, 27}

Castrol corporate ownership and Israeli distribution

The December 2025 agreement contemplates a new Castrol ownership structure comprising 65% Stonepeak and 35% BP following closing.¹⁰

The agreement contemplates a retained minority economic interest for BP rather than continued majority control.¹⁰

The European Commission’s notification identifies Castrol Group Holdings Ltd and its affiliates and controlled companies as the relevant acquired undertaking.¹²

Feldman Ron-Paz’s corporate history identifies New Feldman Ltd and Ron Paz Ltd as the founders of the Israeli distribution business in 2010.⁹

The existence of a Castrol distribution agreement establishes a commercial relationship, while the available source documents do not establish direct BP or Stonepeak equity ownership of Feldman Ron-Paz.^{7, 9}

Controlling principals

No public evidence identified establishing material personal or family-office investments in Israeli businesses by BP’s controlling principals that can be attributed to BP under the requested governance methodology.

No public evidence identified linking BP’s named offshore executive Gordon Birrell to a controlling personal investment in an Israeli defence or settlement business.

No public evidence identified establishing that a named BP director or controlling shareholder personally owns the Israeli Castrol distributor.

State ownership and institutional arrangements

BP participates in a consortium with SOCAR, Azerbaijan’s state oil company, under exploration rights issued by Israel.^{19, 22}

No public evidence identified of direct Israeli state ownership or a government-appointed Israeli director exercising corporate governance control over BP p.l.c.

No public evidence identified of an Israeli government golden share or comparable governance mechanism controlling BP p.l.c.

Profit Repatriation & Economic Contribution

Israeli petroleum supply-chain contribution

Oil Change International’s August 2024 investigation attributed approximately 8% of Israel’s crude oil supply during its October 2023–July 2024 study period to BP using attributable production-share calculations.²

The study associated BP with petroleum production and export infrastructure connected to Azerbaijani crude reaching Israeli refineries, while its methodology did not determine the contractual seller of every shipment.^{1, 2}

The November 2025 investigation documented continued crude imports into Israel through October 2025, including Azerbaijani-origin cargoes exported through Turkey.^{5, 6}

Report.az’s February 2025 reporting documented continuing production from BP-operated Azerbaijani upstream assets, including the Azeri-Chirag-Gunashli complex.³

Israeli offshore exploration expenditure

The March 2025 issuance of Zone I licences created a formally documented exploration relationship between BP, SOCAR, NewMed, and Israel’s petroleum licensing authorities.²²

In March 2026, Interfax reported a proposed programme budget of approximately $27.85 million, with BP’s expected contribution approximately $9.19 million.²⁴

The reported programme budget concerns exploration expenditure and does not establish revenue generation, commercial production, or profits earned from an Israeli gas discovery.^{24, 25}

Israeli technology-sector investment

[pre-2020] BP Ventures’ $20 million StoreDot investment represents documented historical capital financing of an Israeli battery technology business.²⁸

No public evidence identified establishing whether BP continued holding the investment as of October 2026.

Lubricants distribution

Castrol’s authorised Israeli distribution arrangement establishes commercial availability of BP-group lubricants in Israel.^{7, 8}

Feldman Ron-Paz reports an Israeli logistics and distribution operation involving approximately eight employees, two logistics centres, and four delivery trucks.⁹

No public evidence identified quantifying resulting Israeli revenue, distributor margins, corporate royalties, or profits remitted to BP.

Castrol transaction proceeds and retained economic interest

BP’s 24 December 2025 announcement values Castrol at approximately $10.1 billion on an enterprise-value basis and anticipates approximately $6 billion of net proceeds to BP from the agreed transaction.¹⁰

The announced net proceeds include approximately $0.8 billion relating to the prepayment of future dividend income and other transaction adjustments.¹⁰

The agreement provides for BP to retain a 35% minority interest in Castrol following completion.¹⁰

BP’s June 2026 financial statements identify preferred distributions attached to Stonepeak’s prospective shares and state that BP does not expect to recognise income or dividends from its retained investment in the short to medium term.¹⁵

BP’s financial statements distinguish the pending Castrol disposal from completed disposals, describing the Castrol transaction as expected to complete by the end of 2026.¹⁵

These disclosed figures concern Castrol’s global transaction and cannot independently quantify proceeds or investment returns attributable specifically to the Israeli market.^{10, 15}

No public evidence identified establishing a completed Castrol sale before 26 October 2026.

Revenue attribution

No public evidence identified of BP publishing a separately quantified Israeli revenue total for 2025 or 2026.

No public evidence identified of revenue attributable to BP’s Zone I exploration project, for which commercial production was not verified by the research date.

No public evidence identified of revenue attributable specifically to Israeli Castrol lubricants distribution within BP’s consolidated segment reporting.

Profit repatriation

No public evidence identified quantifying profits repatriated from Israeli operations or investments to BP’s UK corporate group.

No public evidence identified establishing the amount of BP-group global profits transferred into Israel.

No public evidence identified establishing Israeli dividend distributions from StoreDot to BP.

No public evidence identified quantifying future BP investment income attributable to Israeli Castrol sales under the proposed 35% ownership structure.

Economic ecosystem role

NewMed identifies BP as one of three participants in its Israeli offshore exploration consortium, with a 33.33% participating interest.¹⁹

MEES identified the March 2025 licence issuance as BP’s formal entry into Israel’s natural gas exploration sector.²²

The Israeli commercial relationship also includes a national Castrol distributor and BP’s historical venture financing of StoreDot.^{7, 28}

The Castrol business was subject to an announced change of controlling ownership in December 2025, with completion expected by the end of 2026.^{10, 15}

No public evidence identified establishing BP as Israel’s largest employer, largest taxpayer, dominant domestic petroleum retailer, or controlling operator of the country’s existing Leviathan production field.