Leonardo DIGITAL

Research date: 26 October 2026

Entity: Leonardo S.p.A., Italy.

Scope: Leonardo S.p.A., controlled subsidiaries, identified relevant group entities, controlling shareholders and publicly documented technology relationships involving Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories.

Enterprise Technology Stack & Vendor Relationships

Corporate structure and technology supply chain

Leonardo S.p.A. is an Italian publicly traded aerospace, defence and security company; Borsa Italiana identified the Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance as its approximately 30.2% shareholder in its September 2026 profile.¹

Leonardo DRS, Inc. and RADA Electronic Industries Ltd. announced their all-stock merger on 21 June 2022, identifying RADA as an Israeli developer of advanced tactical radar technology and Leonardo S.p.A. as the parent of Leonardo DRS.²

The transaction completed on 28 November 2022, leaving RADA as an Israeli subsidiary of Leonardo DRS; the SEC filing identifies Blackstart Ltd. as the Israeli merger subsidiary.³

Leonardo DRS reported that its acquisition of RADA had total purchase consideration of approximately $511 million and expanded the group’s advanced sensing and force-protection capabilities.⁴

The controlled group’s 2025 annual report identifies advanced sensing, network computing, electronic warfare, intelligence systems and cyber-related engineering among its technology activities.⁵

Israeli-origin enterprise software

No public evidence identified establishing that Leonardo S.p.A. internally licenses or deploys Check Point, Wiz, SentinelOne, CyberArk, NICE, Verint, Claroty, Palo Alto Networks or another specifically identified Israeli-origin enterprise cybersecurity vendor; the examined parent-company disclosures and subsidiary SEC reports establish technology activities without identifying such an internal supplier relationship.^{5, 6}

No public evidence identified establishing whether any such vendor forms a peripheral or critical dependency within Leonardo’s internal enterprise infrastructure; the reviewed SEC disclosures do not identify a corresponding enterprise integration architecture.^{5, 7}

Procurement and systems integrators

The RADA acquisition provides a documented Israeli-origin technology relationship at the subsidiary and product-integration level, with the 2022 transaction announcement identifying RADA radar technology as an addition to Leonardo DRS’s advanced sensing portfolio.²

An August 2019 Elbit Systems announcement identified the company’s Iron Fist active protection system as selected by the Israeli Ministry of Defense for the Eitan armoured fighting vehicle and D-9 bulldozer, while noting that contractual negotiations remained outstanding. RADA’s subsequent regulatory disclosure confirms that its Compact Hemispheric Radars were integrated into the Iron Fist system developed by IMI, an Elbit Systems subsidiary.^{8, 9}

This Elbit/IMI relationship predates Leonardo’s November 2022 acquisition of RADA. The August 2019 selection remained subject to negotiations at announcement, while RADA subsequently disclosed an initial Israeli Ministry of Defense acquisition programme in late 2019; its specific contractual status as of October 2026 was not established.^{8, 9, 3}

No public evidence identified of an enterprise IT outsourcing partner being required by Leonardo to deploy Israeli-origin enterprise software; the reviewed public contracts and SEC disclosures concern identified defence technology and corporate activities rather than a specific internal IT procurement mandate.^{5, 10}

Named-entity investigation

• Leonardo S.p.A. - parent and operating company: Searched for Israeli-origin enterprise software, technology partnerships, cyber procurement and Israeli subsidiaries; the 2022 RADA combination is verified, while specific internal Israeli software licences were not identified.^{2, 5}
• Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance - controlling shareholder: Searched for technology investments, Israeli cybersecurity companies and Leonardo-related procurement; its approximately 30.2% Leonardo holding is verified, while no separate relevant Israeli technology procurement act by the shareholder was established.¹
• Leonardo DRS, Inc. - controlled US-listed subsidiary: Searched for Israeli technology investments, acquisitions and partnerships; its 2022 acquisition of RADA is verified.^{3, 4}
• RADA Electronic Industries Ltd. - acquired Israeli technology company: Searched for radar software, embedded technology and customer contracts; historical defence radar development and procurement are documented.^{11, 12}
• RADA Technologies Ltd. - Israeli operating subsidiary: Searched for technology operations and customers; Leonardo DRS identified this entity as its principal Israeli operating exposure in September 2024.¹³
• Blackstart Ltd. - Israeli transaction subsidiary: Searched for technology operations and separate contracts; its merger role is verified, but no separate subsequent operating contract was identified.³
• Elbit Systems/IMI - named system integrator: Searched for Leonardo, RADA, Iron Fist and Israeli military procurement; integration of RADA compact radars was documented in RADA’s regulatory disclosure covering the 2019 programme.^{8, 9}
• Telespazio - Leonardo-controlled space-services company: Searched for Israeli government IT, cloud and satellite-services relationships; the October 2025 Airbus announcement documents Leonardo’s ownership interest but establishes no specific Israeli contract.¹⁴
• Thales Alenia Space - Leonardo minority-owned space joint venture: Searched for Israeli technology procurement and government platforms; the October 2025 proposed space combination identifies the joint venture, without establishing a specific Israeli digital-services contract.¹⁴

Act record - 2022 acquisition: Actor Leonardo DRS, Inc.; acquired entity RADA Electronic Industries Ltd.; ultimate controlling parent Leonardo S.p.A.; channel SEC-filed corporate merger announcement; first documented announcement 21 June 2022; completed 28 November 2022; ownership relationship continued in subsequent annual reporting; audience public investors and the securities market; original announcement duration on the website cannot be established beyond its continued retrievability.^{2, 3, 4}

Primary transaction disclosures confirm 28 November 2022 as the completion date of the Leonardo DRS–RADA merger. Leonardo DRS’s closing announcement, filed with the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), explicitly dates the successful completion to 28 November 2022; its 2022 Form 10-K independently confirms that the acquisition was completed that day. The 29 November 2022 date refers to the commencement of Nasdaq trading under the DRS ticker, not the merger’s completion. This confirms the existing statement under “Corporate structure and technology supply chain” that “The transaction completed on 28 November 2022” and the corresponding statement under “Israeli acquisition” in “Technology Ecosystem & R&D Footprint”; neither requires correction.^{15, 16, 17}

Surveillance, Biometrics & Retail Technology

Facial recognition and biometrics

No public evidence identified of Leonardo S.p.A. purchasing or deploying Israeli-origin retail facial recognition, frictionless checkout, gait recognition or store analytics platforms from Trigo, BriefCam, AnyVision/Oosto or Trax; the reviewed technical disclosures instead identify aerospace, defence sensing and related electronics.^{5, 18}

Radar-based surveillance

RADA’s 2020 annual disclosure identifies the company’s business as developing tactical land radars for defence forces and critical-infrastructure protection, as well as military avionics and airborne data/video recording systems.¹¹

In September 2015, RADA Electronic Industries Ltd. announced that the Israeli Ministry of Defense had procured tactical radars for monitoring threats near Israel’s southern border; this predates Leonardo’s acquisition and is marked [pre-2020].¹⁹

In June 2023, specialist industry reporting identified a new Israeli Ministry of Defense selection of Leonardo DRS’s RADA Technologies business unit to supply mobile radar systems supporting Israeli military air surveillance and early-warning capabilities.²⁰

The reported applications included counter-UAS surveillance, air defence, active protection, hostile-fire detection and critical-infrastructure protection; these constitute sensing and surveillance functions, with individual operational installations and civilian-data access arrangements unspecified.²⁰

Predictive analytics and monitoring

Leonardo DRS’s 2025 annual report identifies real-time situational awareness, network computing and intelligence-related technologies, but does not by itself establish that Leonardo deployed an Israeli-origin predictive-policing, social-media monitoring or employee-surveillance platform.⁵

No public evidence identified of a named Israeli-origin workforce monitoring, sentiment-analysis or predictive-policing system installed within Leonardo’s enterprise operations.^{5, 7}

Third-party deployment

Elbit Systems/IMI’s Iron Fist system provides a documented example of RADA sensors integrated into another manufacturer’s platform, according to RADA’s 2020 regulatory disclosure describing the pre-acquisition relationship and its 2019 Israeli procurement programme [pre-2020].⁹

The published integration description specifies sensors and protective-system components but does not establish civilian facial-recognition, behavioural profiling or personal-data processing.^{8, 9}

No public evidence identified of Trigo, BriefCam, Oosto, Trax or equivalent Israeli retail surveillance technology reaching Leonardo indirectly through a managed-services or bundled-software provider.^{5, 18}

Act record - historical Israeli radar procurement: Actor RADA Electronic Industries Ltd.; beneficiary Israeli Ministry of Defense and protected communities near Israel’s southern border; channel SEC-filed corporate announcement at sec.gov; earliest and latest documented observation September 2015; status of the individual procurement as of October 2026 unknown; original public audience investors and defence-sector customers, with communication persistence beyond retrievability unestablished; [pre-2020].^{19, 21}

Act record - third-party platform integration: Actor RADA Electronic Industries Ltd.; integrator Elbit Systems/IMI; prospective beneficiary Israeli Ministry of Defense; channel Elbit Systems’ August 2019 corporate announcement and RADA’s subsequently filed SEC annual disclosure; programme selection observed August 2019, with an initial procurement programme subsequently reported for late 2019; later contractual status not established; public commercial, investor and regulatory audience; [pre-2020].^{8, 9}

Cloud Infrastructure, Data Residency & Sovereign Cloud Participation

Israeli physical infrastructure

Leonardo DRS’s 2025 Form 10-K identifies operations in three Israeli cities, including engineering facilities in Netanya and manufacturing and engineering facilities in Beit She’an.⁵

The filing lists facilities at Block 7962, Netanya, and at multiple Beit She’an locations, including an owned building on land leased from the Israel Land Authority through 2034.⁵

Leonardo DRS disclosed continuing Israeli activities during 2026, establishing that its Israeli industrial presence had not ended by the June 2026 reporting period.⁶

The identified properties establish industrial and engineering infrastructure; the reviewed filings do not identify these properties as public cloud data centres or government cloud hosting facilities.^{5, 6}

Government cloud participation

No public evidence identified of Leonardo S.p.A., Leonardo DRS or RADA operating as an identified contractor for Project Nimbus, supplying a named Nimbus cloud component, or hosting a specified Israeli government cloud workload; the examined SEC and company disclosures establish radar, sensing and engineering activities without identifying such participation.^{5, 6, 7}

Data residency and digital sovereignty

Leonardo DRS describes network computing, intelligence technologies and cybersecurity-related capabilities in its annual reporting, but the examined disclosures do not identify the residency of data processed for Israeli customers or the legal arrangements governing access to such data.⁵

No public evidence identified of a named sovereign cloud, Israeli civilian identity database, or Israeli government data-hosting contract supplied by Leonardo or RADA.^{5, 6}

Data-exposure principle

The existence of Israeli R&D and engineering facilities is documented, but the examined evidence does not establish that biometric records, payment information, location histories or identifiable civilian communications are transmitted to or stored at those facilities.⁵

No public evidence identified establishing data-subject categories, cross-border routing arrangements, controller/processor roles, or Israeli legal access to a specific Leonardo-operated civilian data platform.^{5, 7}

Act record - Israeli facilities: Actor Leonardo DRS, Inc. through its Israeli RADA operations; beneficiaries the company’s engineering, manufacturing and technology programmes; channel public SEC reporting at sec.gov; documented in 2023–2026 filings; industrial presence continuing at the latest examined reporting date; no established public communication audience beyond investors and regulators, and no separate communication persistence period identified.^{5, 6, 22}

Defence, Intelligence & Security Sector Technology Relationships

Israeli Ministry of Defense

RADA Electronic Industries Ltd. disclosed a procurement of tactical radar systems by the Israeli Ministry of Defense in September 2015 for surveillance and threat detection near the southern border [pre-2020].¹⁹

Elbit Systems announced in August 2019 that the Israeli Ministry of Defense had selected Iron Fist for the Eitan armoured fighting vehicle and D-9 bulldozer, with contractual negotiations still outstanding. RADA’s subsequent SEC disclosure confirms integration of its Compact Hemispheric Radars into the system and reports an initial acquisition programme in late 2019 [pre-2020].^{8, 9}

In June 2023, Leonardo DRS’s RADA Technologies business unit was reported to have received an Israeli Ministry of Defense award for additional mobile radars supporting Israeli military surveillance and early-warning capabilities.²⁰

The 2023 report identifies production at the company’s Beit She’an facility, providing a specific Israeli manufacturing nexus.²⁰

Technology functions

RADA’s historical regulatory filings identify radar surveillance, detection, tracking and critical-infrastructure protection technologies as commercial and defence applications.^{11, 12}

Its radar family includes software-defined sensing technology capable of detecting aerial and ground-related threats; RADA’s regulatory disclosure confirms integration of its Compact Hemispheric Radars into Iron Fist, while Elbit Systems’ August 2019 announcement describes the platform’s optical sensors, tracking radar, launchers and countermeasure munitions.^{8, 9}

The radar sensing and surveillance functions are recorded in Digital, while any purpose-built weapons engagement, fire-control or kinetic interception functionality of the complete Iron Fist platform belongs to Military.^{8, 9}

Continuing Israeli operations

Leonardo DRS reported that approximately 4% of its workforce resided in Israel as of June 2024 and that its direct exposure to Israel arose principally from RADA operations.²³

The company reported approximately 5% of its workforce residing in Israel as of September 2024.¹³

Its March 2025 quarterly report identified approximately 5% of its workforce as residing in Israel.²⁴

Its June 2025 quarterly report identified approximately 6% of its workforce as residing in Israel.²⁵

Its September 2025 quarterly report again identified approximately 6% of its workforce as residing in Israel.²⁶

The 2025 annual filing confirmed significant business and manufacturing activities in Israel, and the June 2026 quarterly filing documented continuing exposure to operations in the region.^{5, 6}

These disclosures establish continuing industrial integration after 19 July 2024 and November 2024, but do not independently establish the timing of particular deliveries under the June 2023 Israeli procurement.^{13, 24, 25, 26}

Historical procurement and corporate attribution

The 2015 and 2019 RADA acts preceded the company’s acquisition by Leonardo DRS in November 2022; their historical dates must be preserved when assessing group attribution.^{19, 8, 9, 3}

The June 2023 procurement occurred after the RADA acquisition and is therefore attributable to the Leonardo-controlled group at the operating-subsidiary level.^{3, 20}

Intelligence and offensive cyber

No public evidence identified in the examined documents of Leonardo supplying Pegasus-style spyware, zero-day exploitation services or a named offensive cyber intrusion platform to an Israeli intelligence agency.^{5, 7}

No public evidence identified of a specific Leonardo commercial surveillance platform being installed in an identified settlement or at an identified military checkpoint in occupied Palestinian territory.^{5, 20}

Act record - June 2023 procurement: Actor Leonardo DRS, Inc., through its DRS RADA Technologies business unit; beneficiary Israeli Ministry of Defense and Israeli military air-surveillance operations; channel specialist reporting at unmannedairspace.info describing a corporate contract announcement; earliest and latest confirmed observation June 2023; the award is documented but subsequent fulfilment and contract expiration are not established by the examined source; public audience defence procurement and technology readers; duration of the underlying public announcement unknown.²⁰

AI, Algorithmic & Autonomous Systems

AI and edge-processing technology

Leonardo DRS’s 2025 annual filing describes network computing, sensors, intelligence systems and AI-enabled processing intended to improve the timeliness and quality of situational-awareness information.⁵

The same disclosure describes advanced sensing applications that include surveillance, signals intelligence and precision-related military sensing, without identifying a specific AI model trained on Palestinian civilian datasets.⁵

Israeli customer provision

The 2023 Israeli Ministry of Defense award identifies mobile radars supporting surveillance and early-warning applications, but the reporting does not identify an autonomous target-generation model or a named military AI decision-support platform supplied under that contract.²⁰

Training data and model development

No public evidence identified in the reviewed disclosures of Leonardo or RADA training an AI model on intercepted Palestinian communications, biometric surveillance datasets or civilian population records originating in occupied territory.^{5, 7}

No public evidence identified identifying an Israeli civilian surveillance database as an input to a Leonardo-developed AI system.^{5, 11}

Autonomous systems and lethality

The August 2019 Iron Fist selection and RADA’s subsequent regulatory disclosure establish radar-sensor integration in an active protection system; this is evidence of military sensing integration, while the complete platform’s countermeasure engagement function falls within Military.^{8, 9}

No public evidence identified that Leonardo’s documented Israeli radar procurement involved a purpose-built autonomous human-target-generation system, automated strike recommendation platform or AI kill-chain service.^{8, 20, 9}

Act record - disclosed AI capabilities: Actor Leonardo DRS, Inc.; customers described generally as defence and government users; channel annual SEC filing at sec.gov; capabilities described in the 2025 reporting year; technology activities continuing at that reporting date, but no separately identified Israeli AI contract or dataset disclosed; public investor and regulator audience; filing remains publicly retrievable.⁵

Technology Ecosystem & R&D Footprint

Israeli research and engineering operations

RADA’s historical annual disclosures identify it as an Israeli defence electronics developer undertaking research, manufacturing and commercialisation of tactical radar and related technologies.^{11, 12}

Leonardo DRS’s 2025 annual report identifies Netanya engineering premises and Beit She’an manufacturing and engineering facilities within its Advanced Sensing and Computing operations.⁵

The 2026 quarterly reporting provides additional evidence of continued Israeli operations.⁶

Israeli acquisition

Leonardo DRS completed its combination with RADA Electronic Industries Ltd. on 28 November 2022, with Leonardo S.p.A. holding approximately 80.5% of the combined listed company immediately after completion.^{3, 27}

The 2022 transaction announcement identified Israel-based RADA’s radar engineering and production capabilities as central to the combination.^{2, 27}

Subsequent SEC disclosures establish that Israeli RADA operations remained part of the Leonardo DRS business.^{5, 6}

Innovation agreements

Leonardo S.p.A. publicly announced agreements on 3 February 2023 with the Israeli Innovation Authority and Ramot, Tel Aviv University’s technology-transfer organisation.²⁸

The announcement described startup scouting, networking, cybersecurity, simulation and potential sponsored university research as cooperation areas.²⁸

The agreements were associated with Leonardo’s Business Innovation Factory programme and a planned Tel Aviv promotional event in February 2023.²⁸

The public announcement does not establish a completed joint patent, a specific patent application number, or a continuing contractual obligation through October 2026.²⁸

Patent and intellectual property

No public evidence identified in the examined documentation of a specific jointly owned Leonardo–Tel Aviv University patent, licensed patent family or named commercialised research result arising from the 2023 agreement.²⁸

Other group technology relationships

Airbus announced on 23 October 2025 that Airbus, Leonardo and Thales had signed a memorandum of understanding to combine selected space businesses, including Leonardo’s interests in Telespazio and Thales Alenia Space.¹⁴

The announced transaction concerns a proposed European space-business combination and does not by itself identify a new Israeli government technology contract.¹⁴

Named controlling principals

• Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance - approximately 30.2% shareholder: Searched for Israeli surveillance, cyber, AI and investment relationships; the ownership stake is documented, but no separately attributable personal or corporate Israeli cyber investment was established by the reviewed ownership profile.¹
• Stefano Pontecorvo - chairman documented in 2025: Searched for Israeli military technology, cybersecurity investments and public statements; Leonardo’s April 2025 release confirms the chairmanship, but no qualifying personal investment was established.²⁹
• Roberto Cingolani - CEO documented in 2025: Searched for Israeli defence technology, university research and venture investments; the February 2023 innovation agreement is attributable to Leonardo S.p.A., while no personal equity investment was established by the examined announcements.^{28, 29}
• Leonardo DRS, Inc. - integrated subsidiary: Searched for Israeli acquisitions, operations and defence partnerships; RADA acquisition and continuing Israeli operations verified.^{3, 5}
• RADA Electronic Industries Ltd. - acquired subsidiary: Searched for Israeli technology contracts and intellectual property; radar development and military procurement verified.^{11, 19}
• RADA Technologies Ltd. - Israeli operating company: Searched for continuing engineering, manufacturing and procurement; operational presence documented in Leonardo DRS reporting.^{13, 5}
• Blackstart Ltd. - 2022 merger vehicle: Searched for subsequent Israeli technology operations; merger role established, with no separate later operating activity identified.³
• Telespazio - controlled group entity: Searched for Israeli state technology contracts; corporate ownership interest established, but no specific Israeli contract verified in the examined Airbus announcement.¹⁴
• Thales Alenia Space - minority-owned joint venture: Searched for Israeli technology and research programmes; Leonardo’s ownership interest documented, but no specific Israeli programme verified in the examined transaction announcement.¹⁴

No public evidence identified of a named founder, chairman, CEO or holder of at least 10% of Leonardo’s disclosed equity personally investing in NSO Group, Cellebrite, Carbyne, Oosto, Wiz, Check Point, SentinelOne, Verint or another specifically identified Israeli surveillance company.^{1, 5, 29}

Act record - innovation agreements: Actor Leonardo S.p.A.; counterparties Israeli Innovation Authority and Ramot at Tel Aviv University; channel Leonardo corporate announcement reproduced at marketscreener.com; earliest and latest documented observation 3 February 2023; implementation intentions were announced, but specific completion, termination and October 2026 continuation were not established; public audience investors, technology companies, startups and research institutions; duration of the underlying announcement’s publication beyond its continued retrievability unknown.²⁸

Act record - proposed space combination: Actors Leonardo S.p.A., Airbus and Thales; intended beneficiary proposed combined European space business; channel Airbus announcement at airbus.com; observed 23 October 2025; announcement described a proposed future transaction rather than an independently verified completed combination; audience investors, industry and public; exact persistence period not established.¹⁴

Civil Society Scrutiny & Regulatory History

Who Profits

Who Profits identifies Leonardo S.p.A. as an Italian defence and security manufacturer with documented business relationships involving Israeli military bodies.³⁰

Its company profile specifically identifies the RADA acquisition, Israeli tactical radar procurement and the February 2023 innovation agreements.³⁰

The RADA merger is independently corroborated by SEC transaction documentation, while the June 2023 radar relationship is supported by specialist procurement reporting.^{3, 20}

AFSC Investigate

AFSC Investigate includes Leonardo S.p.A. in its BDS Divestment Shortlist and identifies Israeli naval weapons, military aircraft, the RADA acquisition and other defence relationships as grounds for scrutiny.³¹

The AFSC profile establishes the existence and stated grounds of civil-society scrutiny; the claims relating to guns, aircraft and military transport equipment principally concern Military rather than Digital.³¹

Regulatory disclosures

RADA’s historical SEC filings document the company’s Israeli defence-electronics business, military procurement relationships and operations before the Leonardo acquisition.^{11, 12}

Leonardo DRS’s later annual and quarterly SEC disclosures confirm continuing operations in Israel, including reporting periods after the July and November 2024 international legal developments.^{5, 6, 13}

The annual filings disclose general litigation and regulatory risks but do not identify a specific final judicial finding that Leonardo’s digital technology provision to Israel violated export-control or sanctions rules.^{5, 7}

Settlement nexus

Who Profits identifies Leonardo’s involvement in Israeli military technology and systems, but its documented examples do not establish that a specific Leonardo-operated digital platform stores settlement residents’ data or that an identified RADA radar is installed within a named settlement.³⁰

No public evidence identified of a specified Leonardo cloud facility, civilian biometric platform or digital surveillance service directly contracted to administer an identified settlement in the occupied West Bank or East Jerusalem.^{5, 30}

Constructive notice and continuation

Leonardo DRS’s September 2024, March 2025, June 2025 and September 2025 regulatory disclosures document continuing Israeli operations during periods following 19 July 2024 and November 2024.^{13, 24, 25, 26}

Those disclosures support a finding of continued operations, but do not identify the precise dates of post-November 2024 delivery under the June 2023 Israeli radar award.^{20, 26}

No public evidence identified of a verified divestment, completed withdrawal from RADA’s Israeli business, or definitive termination of the subsidiary’s Israeli industrial operations by the June 2026 reporting period.^{5, 6}

Campaigns and company response

AFSC Investigate publicly identifies Leonardo as a divestment target, while Who Profits documents the company’s Israeli military and technology relationships.^{30, 31}

No public evidence identified in the examined corporate and regulatory documents of a Leonardo statement specifically announcing termination of its Israeli digital-technology operations in response to these campaigns.^{5, 6}

Regulatory and legal actions

No public evidence identified in the reviewed company filings of a completed export-control enforcement action specifically concerning Leonardo’s Israeli radar software, cloud services, cybersecurity technology or AI platforms.^{5, 7}

No public evidence identified of a final regulatory determination concerning a named Leonardo civilian surveillance platform deployed in occupied Palestinian territory.^{5, 30}