General Motors ECONOMIC

Target: General Motors Company Research date: 28 October 2026 Scope: Commercial, investment, ownership, distribution and operational relationships with the Israeli economy, including investigation of activity in occupied territories.

Supply Chain & Sourcing Relationships

Automotive distribution and technology supply relationships

General Motors Company operates internationally through automotive brands, subsidiaries, joint ventures and commercial arrangements. Its 2025 Form 10-K distinguishes GM North America, GM International and GM Financial, but does not separately disclose Israeli vehicle-import arrangements.¹

The historical GM-UMI Technology organization, established in 1995, worked with Israeli technology developers and GM engineers to identify technologies suitable for automotive applications. The IVC database identifies the entity as having ceased operations in the fourth quarter of 2008. Its historical activities included limited research arrangements and technology-sourcing relationships.²

In June 2022, Israeli company UVeye announced that GM Ventures had invested in its automated vehicle-inspection technology and that UVeye and General Motors had entered a commercial collaboration agreement. UVeye stated that the technology was already deployed in a limited number of North American dealerships and that the parties intended to explore wider adoption.³

In July 2024, Israeli-founded battery-technology company Addionics announced a $39 million Series B financing round co-led by GM Ventures and Deep Insight. The announcement describes technology intended to improve battery manufacturing and performance; it does not identify an executed production-supply contract under which GM purchases defined quantities of Israeli-manufactured battery components.⁴

Agricultural suppliers

Mehadrin, Hadiklaim, Galilee Export, Agrexco successors and other Israeli agricultural-export suppliers: no public evidence identified of a direct procurement relationship with General Motors.

Importer of record

General Motors’ 2025 annual filing describes international automotive operations, but does not identify the legal entity acting as importer of record for GM-branded vehicles entering Israel.¹

The historical Israeli GM-UMI Technology organization is documented as a technology-development operation, rather than an identified vehicle importer of record.²

The current importer-of-record entity, customs registrations, contractual arrangements and ownership details: no public evidence identified from the verified sources.

Seasonal sourcing

Recurring December–April agricultural purchasing, fruit and vegetable imports, and seasonal Israeli procurement: no public evidence identified.

Third-party distribution and indirect sourcing

UVeye’s June 2022 announcement identifies a commercial route through GM dealerships for Israeli-developed vehicle-inspection technology, initially involving a limited number of dealerships in North America. Its announcement does not establish procurement of Israeli agricultural products or settlement-origin goods.³

General Motors’ individual procurement volumes from Israeli suppliers and the geographic manufacturing origin of components purchased through intermediary distributors: no public evidence identified.

Product Origin, Labeling & Regulatory Compliance

Settlement-origin products

The available records establish technology investments and development activities in Israel, including the GM Technical Center Israel, but do not identify any GM product manufactured in an Israeli settlement or any documented sale of settlement-origin agricultural merchandise by GM.⁵

Specific settlement-origin vehicle parts, goods, materials or supplier facilities attributable to General Motors: no public evidence identified.

Labeling compliance

Country-of-origin enforcement actions concerning products originating in the West Bank, East Jerusalem or the Golan Heights and attributed to General Motors: no public evidence identified.

DEFRA, customs or other regulator findings concerning GM’s labeling of settlement-origin goods: no public evidence identified.

Corporate labeling policy

A public General Motors policy specifically addressing labeling or sourcing of products originating in occupied Palestinian territory or the Golan Heights: no public evidence identified.

Product technology

GM’s October 2026 recruitment advertisement for a Gen AI Staff Researcher in Herzliya describes Israeli research into connected vehicles, camera systems, autonomous driving and artificial intelligence. This is evidence of continuing technology development in Israel, but does not identify the manufacturing origin of components incorporated into production vehicles.⁶

Investment, Capital & Financial Exposure

Foreign direct investment: Israeli technical center

General Motors states that it established the GM Technical Center Israel in 2008. The center conducts engineering and research concerning machine learning, complex software and hardware systems, and autonomous, electric and connected vehicles. The company’s Israel careers page also identifies GM Ventures’ regional investment activities as part of the Israeli operation.⁵

Act record: General Motors Company; beneficiary: its Israeli research-and-development operations; channel: company-controlled recruitment website, search-careers.gm.com; earliest established operation: 2008; latest observation: October 2026; status: continuing, supported by a current recruitment listing; audience: prospective employees and the public; exact initial publication date and uninterrupted duration of the present website wording are unknown.^{5, 6}

Acquired Israeli operating business: ALGOLiON

On 30 June 2023, General Motors announced that it had acquired substantially all the assets of ALGOLiON Ltd., an Israeli battery-software company founded in 2014 by Niles Fleischer and Alex Nimberger. The transaction consideration was undisclosed.⁷

ALGOLiON’s technology analyses electric-vehicle battery-management data to identify abnormal cell performance and potential battery hazards. Industry reporting confirms that employees, including the founders, were expected to remain in Israel and join GM’s Herzliya technical center.^{7, 8}

Acquisition classification: The documented transaction transferred substantially all business assets to GM. Available evidence does not establish acquisition of all shares in the original Israeli legal entity, its subsequent ownership percentage, or its separate current operating status.⁷

Manufacturing: The verified sources describe battery analytics software and continued Israeli engineering activity. They do not identify an ALGOLiON manufacturing plant in Israel, manufacturing revenue, or the acquired operation’s standalone revenue.^{7, 8}

Act record: General Motors Company; recipient: ALGOLiON Ltd. and its asset-owning stakeholders; channel: corporate acquisition announcement reproduced by the Specialty Equipment Market Association at sema.org and automotive-industry reporting at electrive.com; earliest confirmed transaction: 30 June 2023; latest verified historical account: July 2023; subsequent integration into Israeli engineering operations was announced; current standalone legal status: unknown; public communication audience: investors, automotive-industry participants and the general public; continued online availability was observed in October 2026, while the original communication’s uninterrupted publication history is unknown.^{7, 8}

Minority investment: UVeye

On 22 June 2022, UVeye disclosed that GM Ventures had invested in the Israeli vehicle-inspection technology company. General Motors and UVeye also entered an agreement to explore commercial deployment of UVeye’s automated inspection systems across GM dealerships.³

The individual investment amount, ownership percentage and subsequent disposition were not disclosed in the reviewed announcement.³

Classification: Venture investment and commercial technology partnership. Controlling ownership was not established.³

Act record: GM Ventures as investor and General Motors Company as commercial counterparty; recipient: UVeye; channel: UVeye’s public transaction announcement distributed through prnewswire.com; earliest confirmed date: 22 June 2022; latest confirmed observation of the arrangement: the original 2022 announcement; current financial-holding and commercial-contract status: unknown; audience: investors, dealerships and the general public; the announcement remained available in October 2026, but uninterrupted publication duration is unknown.³

Minority investment: Addionics

On 25 July 2024, Addionics announced a $39 million Series B investment round co-led by GM Ventures and Deep Insight, with participation from Scania and other investors. The stated objective was expansion of battery-technology manufacturing and commercial operations.⁴

Independent Israeli financial reporting identifies Addionics as an Israeli company developing three-dimensional current collectors for electric-vehicle batteries. The company’s founding executives include Moshiel Biton, Farid Tariq and Vladimir Tufit.⁹

The $39 million was the total round size. The individual contribution made by GM Ventures and the equity percentage acquired were not publicly specified in the reviewed disclosures.^{4, 10}

A venture-capital database independently identifies GM Ventures among Addionics’ investors and records the July 2024 financing round.¹¹

Classification: Strategic minority venture investment. Controlling ownership, consolidation and full acquisition were not established.^{4, 11}

Act record: GM Ventures; recipient: Addionics; co-investor: Deep Insight; channel: Addionics’ announcement on prnewswire.com, with contemporaneous independent reporting on calcalistech.com and en.globes.co.il; earliest confirmed transaction: 25 July 2024; latest independently documented original round: July 2024; investment-holding status as of October 2026: unknown; audience: investors, automotive manufacturers, industry participants and the general public; original announcements remain available, but uninterrupted publication duration is unknown.^{4, 9, 10}

Historical entity: GM-UMI Technology

IVC identifies GM-UMI Technology as an Israeli organization established in 1995 and ceased in the fourth quarter of 2008. Its activities included technology screening and arrangements with Israeli companies to develop automotive applications. Its recorded investment arrangements included time-limited technology rights and non-controlling participation.²

Act record: GM-UMI Technology; recipients: Israeli automotive-technology developers; channel: historic research arrangements described by the independent IVC database at ivc-online.com; earliest established: 1995; latest organizational operation: fourth quarter of 2008; status: ceased according to IVC; individual technology arrangements and consideration are incompletely disclosed.²

Other direct investments

GM Ventures’ industry investment profile identifies Addionics among its recent financing transactions. The examined record does not provide a complete independently verified list of all Israeli holdings or the amounts of every individual investment.¹²

Additional controlling Israeli acquisitions, wholly owned Israeli manufacturers, Israeli real-estate purchases and other Israel-specific capital expenditure: no public evidence identified.

Portfolio and fund exposure

GM’s 2025 annual filing contains consolidated financing and investment disclosures without separately identifying a portfolio of Israeli sovereign debt, Israel Bonds or Israeli-focused investment funds held by GM as principal.¹

Specific GM holdings in Israeli government securities, Israeli military manufacturers or settlement-linked businesses: no public evidence identified.

Financing the Israeli state

Israeli sovereign-bond underwriting, war-bond placement, Israel Bonds distribution, insurance underwriting of Israeli state operations and direct financing of named settlement enterprises by General Motors: no public evidence identified.

Temporal record

The Addionics financing was announced on 25 July 2024, after the ICJ advisory opinion of 19 July 2024. GM’s Israeli technical center remained operational during 2025 and advertised an engineering research position in October 2026, establishing continued Israeli activity after November 2024.^{4, 6}

The documented investments and operations do not, by themselves, establish settlement activity or military procurement.^{3, 4, 5}

BlackRock - completed acquisition of an Israeli-market venture lender. On 2 August 2023, BlackRock, Inc. completed its acquisition of Kreos Capital, a London-headquartered private-debt manager operating across Europe and Israel. The agreement was announced on 8 June 2023 and provided for BlackRock to acquire full control of Kreos. The acquired business had committed more than €5.2 billion across over 750 historical financing transactions involving technology and healthcare companies, including Israeli businesses. Acting entity: BlackRock, Inc.; beneficiary: Kreos Capital’s selling owners and its continuing lending business; channel: corporate acquisition followed by integration into BlackRock’s European Private Debt platform; status: executed and completed. This represents a deliberate corporate acquisition with operating exposure to Israeli venture lending, independently of GM. The €5.2 billion figure represents Kreos’s historical commitments across multiple countries and years, rather than BlackRock’s acquisition consideration or new Israeli lending. BlackRock did not disclose the purchase consideration, and its announcement states that the transaction’s financial impact was not material to BlackRock earnings.^{13, 14}

BlackRock - Israeli cybersecurity financing. On 26 April 2021, Israeli law firm Gornitzky confirmed that it represented BlackRock in an investment in Deep Instinct, an Israeli cybersecurity company developing defensive software using deep learning. The transaction formed part of a $100 million financing round led by BlackRock. Acting entity: BlackRock, through its investment-management activities; beneficiary: Deep Instinct; channel: negotiated private-company financing; status: announced investment transaction. The law firm’s confirmation of direct transaction representation distinguishes this financing from incidental index ownership. However, neither the precise BlackRock contribution nor the beneficial source of the invested capital is established by the reviewed disclosure. The $100 million is the total financing-round amount and cannot be attributed entirely to BlackRock’s corporate balance sheet.¹⁵

BlackRock - executed venture-debt financing involving an Israeli-founded financial-technology business. On 12 February 2024, Israeli law firm Arnon, Tadmor-Levy confirmed that it represented a group of investment funds led by BlackRock in a $280 million debt-financing transaction involving Pagaya. Acting entities: BlackRock-led investment funds; beneficiary: Pagaya; channel: negotiated venture-debt financing; status: transaction publicly described by the participating law firm as completed. The specifically identified funding vehicles were investment funds, establishing deliberate credit allocation through managed capital rather than corporate treasury expenditure. The disclosed $280 million represents the overall financing, without establishing BlackRock’s individually contributed amount, the funds’ ultimate beneficial owners, or the geographical allocation of Pagaya’s subsequent expenditure. No Israeli military or settlement-specific use of proceeds is established by this source.¹⁶

BlackRock - subsequent Israeli financial-technology investment. On 21 January 2026, CTech reported that BlackRock led a $25 million financing round for Atlas Invest, an Israeli-founded financial-technology company providing commercial-real-estate bridge lending through an AI-assisted underwriting platform. Acting entity: BlackRock as reported lead investor; beneficiary: Atlas Invest; channel: private financing; status: reported completed fundraising. The investment represents a specifically selected financing relationship, independently of GM, but the disclosed $25 million is the total round rather than BlackRock’s verified individual contribution. The report does not identify the ultimate investment vehicle, beneficial capital owners or any intended financing of Israeli settlement property. Consequently, the company’s commercial-real-estate lending activities cannot be classified as settlement financing solely from this transaction.¹⁷

BlackRock and Vanguard - documented Israeli sovereign-debt exposure. Paragraph 74 of the United Nations Special Rapporteur’s 2025 report A/HRC/59/23 attributes approximately $68 million in Israeli treasury-bond purchases to BlackRock and $546 million to Vanguard. Acting entities: investment-management groups identified as BlackRock and Vanguard; beneficiary: the State of Israel; channel: Israeli sovereign-debt securities; status: purchases reported as executed, although individual transaction dates, securities and accounts are not identified. These reported holdings are independent of GM’s commercial activities. The report discusses sovereign financing during 2024–2025 but does not establish whether each amount represents primary-market purchases, secondary-market acquisitions, corporate proprietary capital or securities beneficially owned by investment funds and their clients. Accordingly, the figures establish reported sovereign-debt exposure but do not independently establish equivalent corporate treasury contributions or discretionary allocations by either asset manager.¹⁸

BlackRock and Vanguard - defence-sector investment attribution. Paragraph 75 of the same United Nations report identifies BlackRock and Vanguard as substantial institutional investors in several defence contractors and other companies associated with Israeli military operations. It specifically describes Vanguard as the second-largest institutional investor in Elbit Systems, with approximately 2.0% ownership, and identifies BlackRock and Vanguard holdings in Lockheed Martin and other US companies. Acting entities: BlackRock and Vanguard as investment managers; beneficiaries: the securities issuers and their shareholders through capital-market participation; channel: institutional equity portfolios, including index-tracking funds; status: documented portfolio exposure rather than a separately established primary financing transaction. The report explicitly recognizes that these shares are distributed across mutual funds and exchange-traded funds and that investment decisions frequently follow benchmark indices. The evidence therefore does not establish that the quoted shares were purchased using either manager’s corporate principal capital, that a particular holding resulted from a discretionary military-sector allocation, or that secondary-market purchases directly financed the issuing company’s operations.¹⁸

State Street - Israeli sovereign-debt exposure through an investment fund. State Street’s SPDR Bloomberg Emerging Markets Local Bond ETF, ticker EBND, is an operating investment product managed by SSGA Funds Management, Inc. The fund began trading in February 2011 and remained active in October 2026. Its published investment objective is to track an index of local-currency emerging-market government bonds, and its disclosure explains that the portfolio may sample securities to approximate that index. Separately reviewed fund geographical disclosures identified Israel among the portfolio’s country exposures in July 2026. Acting entity: SSGA Funds Management, Inc., as investment manager; beneficiary: sovereign issuers represented in the portfolio, including Israel, with fund investors holding the economic interests; channel: passive sovereign-bond ETF; status: operating investment product with documented Israeli geographical exposure. The reviewed evidence does not establish the amount subscribed directly at Israeli primary issuance or demonstrate that State Street Corporation funded those securities from its own balance sheet.¹⁹

State Street - proposed expansion of Israeli investment-product distribution. On 22 October 2026, CTech reported that State Street and First Trust were undertaking regulatory preparations to list foreign-domiciled ETFs on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange. State Street Investment Management responded that it continually evaluates opportunities to offer funds in Israel and other markets. Acting entity: State Street Investment Management; prospective beneficiaries: Israeli retail investors, the local investment-services market and State Street’s investment-management business; channel: proposed Tel Aviv Stock Exchange listing and distribution of existing internationally focused ETFs; status: preparatory and proposed, with no completed listing established by the report. The contemplated products would track international indices, and the report does not establish a proposed investment of State Street corporate principal into Israeli government debt, Israeli defence companies or settlement enterprises.²⁰

State Street - principal-capital and targeted settlement-financing evidentiary limit. October 2026 screening identified an operating Israeli investment-management partnership, an international sovereign-bond ETF with Israeli exposure and preparations for additional fund listings. No public evidence identified of a separately specified State Street corporate treasury allocation to Israeli sovereign bonds, direct underwriting of an Israeli sovereign issuance, a named proprietary loan to an Israeli defence manufacturer, or a dedicated financing facility for a settlement enterprise. The reviewed investment-product disclosures distinguish assets held within investment funds from State Street Corporation’s corporate capital, while the Israeli distribution reporting concerns client investment services.^{19, 20, 21}

BlackRock and Vanguard - proprietary capital and settlement-specific financing evidentiary limit. The documented BlackRock acquisitions and negotiated financing relationships provide stronger evidence of deliberate business activity than passive index holdings, but the reviewed disclosures do not establish the ultimate beneficial capital source for the individual investment-fund transactions. The reported BlackRock and Vanguard Israeli sovereign-bond amounts likewise do not identify corporate treasury accounts, underwriting mandates or primary-market allocations. No public evidence identified establishing a named proprietary corporate loan by either institution to an Israeli settlement enterprise, a specific settlement-project financing mandate, or direct insurance underwriting of Israeli military or settlement liabilities. This finding concerns the attribution and financing channels examined and does not negate the separately documented sovereign-debt and defence-sector portfolio exposures.^{13, 16, 18}

Operational Presence & Market Activity

Israeli research-and-development facilities

General Motors’ careers website identifies its Israeli research center as established in 2008 and describes more than 750 researchers, developers and engineers. The website identifies research in machine learning, complex systems and autonomous, connected and electric vehicles.⁵

The independent IVC industry database identifies General Motors Israel Ltd. as a GM-affiliated research-and-development center in Herzliya and records the incorporation of ALGOLiON’s acquired team into that operation in 2023.²²

Current recruitment

A GM careers listing published on 11 October 2026 advertises a Gen AI Staff Researcher position in Herzliya. The position involves artificial-intelligence research for autonomous vehicles and software systems, providing direct evidence of an operating Israeli recruitment channel in October 2026.⁶

Act record: General Motors’ Israeli engineering operation; recipient: prospective employees; channel: search-careers.gm.com; earliest stated local-center establishment: 2008; latest dated recruitment publication: 11 October 2026; status: operational as of the research date; audience: employment applicants and the public; the advertisement’s continued availability beyond the research date is unknown.^{5, 6}

Workforce scale and restructuring

CTech reported approximately 800 GM employees in Israel in August 2024 and layoffs affecting dozens of workers as part of a global restructuring.²³

On 6 May 2025, CTech reported that General Motors had summoned hundreds of Israeli employees for dismissal hearings, describing an Israeli workforce of approximately 700 before the announced restructuring. The report connected the reductions to changes in GM’s autonomous-vehicle activities following Cruise’s restructuring.²⁴

GM’s current careers website separately describes more than 750 Israeli employees. The difference between this figure and the May 2025 report is unresolved because the relevant sources do not provide a common payroll reporting date.^{5, 24}

Act record: General Motors’ Israeli employment operation; affected parties: Israeli employees; channel: employment decisions reported on calcalistech.com; earliest documented reduction: August 2024; latest dated reduction announcement: May 2025; status of the individual employment actions: historical, with subsequent organizational status established separately by October 2026 recruitment; exact completion dates and number of final terminations: unknown.^{23, 24, 6}

Venture investment presence

GM’s Israel careers description identifies GM Ventures’ regional investment activities within the Israeli operation. Its documented transactions with UVeye and Addionics demonstrate Israeli technology investment activity during 2022–2024.^{5, 3, 4}

Sales and dealerships

GM’s 2025 annual filing includes GM International as a reporting segment but does not provide separate Israeli vehicle-sales volumes, dealership counts or country-specific revenue.¹

Specific GM-controlled Israeli dealership or warehouse ownership: no public evidence identified.

Settlement locations

GM-owned branches, Israeli distributor showrooms, service centers or warehouses established as operating inside West Bank settlements, East Jerusalem or the Golan Heights: no public evidence identified.

Specific contracts for vehicles, components or services supplied to settlement authorities: no public evidence identified.

Government and military customers

The sources reviewed identify automotive research and investment activity but do not establish a named General Motors contract with the Israeli Ministry of Defense or Israel Defense Forces.^{5, 6}

Contract value, counterparties and commercial terms for any such relationship: no public evidence identified.

Employment and tax contribution

The workforce figures confirm substantial Israeli employment and therefore an operational labor-market presence. The current careers listing and 2024–2025 reporting provide different dated workforce observations.^{5, 23, 24}

Israeli corporate income tax paid, payroll taxes, tax residency, government grants and Preferred Technology Enterprise status attributable to General Motors Israel Ltd.: no public evidence identified.

Market positioning

General Motors publicly describes its Israeli technical center as a significant component of research into future mobility, particularly software, connected vehicles and autonomy. The company identifies the Israeli center as part of its international technical-development activities.⁵

BlackRock - executed Israeli investment-management distribution. CTech’s investigation published on 27 July 2026 identifies an investment-management partnership launched in January 2022 between BlackRock and Israeli insurer Phoenix. The arrangement offered Israeli savers three internationally invested savings-policy tracks covering equities, general investments and credit or bonds. The products subsequently accumulated approximately NIS 3.7 billion in assets under management before substantial withdrawals. Acting entities: BlackRock as investment manager and Phoenix as Israeli insurance and distribution partner; beneficiaries: Israeli policyholders, Phoenix and BlackRock’s fee-generating investment-management business; channel: managed savings products distributed through an Israeli insurer; status: executed and commercially operational. The reported assets belong to investment products associated with policyholders and cannot be classified as BlackRock’s proprietary capital invested in Israel. CTech states that the underlying investments were made outside Israel.²¹

State Street - executed Israeli insurance and investment-management partnership. CTech’s 27 July 2026 investigation establishes that Clal Insurance launched three savings-policy investment tracks in cooperation with State Street in November 2024, covering general investments, equities and bonds. The products remained commercially active in 2026, although reporting identified limited assets and negative investment performance over the period examined. Acting entities: State Street as international investment manager and Clal Insurance as Israeli insurance and distribution partner; beneficiaries: Israeli savers, Clal and State Street’s investment-management business; channel: managed savings policies marketed through an Israeli insurer; status: executed and operational. This is a documented commercial relationship with an Israeli financial-services company following November 2024. The arrangement concerns management of policyholder investment assets and does not demonstrate State Street’s direct corporate investment in Israeli sovereign debt, military contractors or settlement businesses.²¹

Vanguard - Israeli operating relationships beyond securities exposure. 2023–October 2026 - no public evidence identified of a specifically documented Vanguard-controlled Israeli operating acquisition, local investment-management distribution partnership equivalent to the BlackRock–Phoenix or State Street–Clal arrangements, or proprietary investment facility financing a named Israeli settlement business. The reviewed United Nations investment assessment establishes sovereign-debt and equity exposure but does not identify an equivalent Vanguard operating transaction. The State Street and BlackRock Israeli-market reporting supplies comparative evidence of specifically identified commercial counterparties and implementation dates that was not established for Vanguard in the reviewed material.^{18, 20, 21}

Corporate Structure & Foundational Ties

Legal domicile and corporate identity

General Motors Company is the publicly traded US automotive parent that files consolidated annual financial statements with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Its 2025 Form 10-K reports consolidated automotive and financial-services operations.¹

The company is headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, according to the address provided in its 2026 proxy materials.²⁵

General Motors Israel Ltd. is identified in the IVC company database as a GM-affiliated Israeli research-and-development center. The available records do not establish that the US parent is incorporated, headquartered or tax-resident in Israel.^{22, 1}

Israeli-Nexus Floor factual factors

• Founded in Israel: no public evidence identified for General Motors Company; the documented parent is a US company.¹
• Israeli corporate headquarters: no public evidence identified; GM’s corporate address is in Detroit.²⁵
• Israeli principal place of management: no public evidence identified.²⁵
• Israeli corporate tax residency or PTE status for the parent: no public evidence identified.
• Beneficial ownership or control of the parent by Israeli capital: no public evidence identified in the reviewed 2026 ownership disclosures.²⁵
• Israeli operating subsidiary: General Motors Israel Ltd. is identified as a GM-affiliated Israeli research-and-development entity.²²
• Acquired Israeli business assets: GM acquired substantially all ALGOLiON assets in June 2023.⁷

Governance and 2026 board

GM’s June 2026 shareholder-vote filing identifies ten elected directors: Mary T. Barra, Wesley G. Bush, Joanne C. Crevoiserat, Joseph Jimenez, Alfred F. Kelly Jr., Judith A. Miscik, Patricia F. Russo, Mark A. Tatum, Jan E. Tighe and Devin N. Wenig.²⁶

The 2026 proxy materials identify Mary T. Barra as Chair and Chief Executive Officer and Wesley G. Bush as a former Chair and CEO of Northrop Grumman.²⁵

Significant shareholders

The reproduced 2026 proxy ownership table identifies BlackRock, Inc. with approximately 8.3% and State Street Corporation with approximately 5.2% of General Motors’ outstanding common shares. The reviewed named-ownership table does not identify a holder of 10% or more.²⁵

The proxy also refers to The Vanguard Group as a significant institutional shareholder in its related-party disclosures, although the available extracted ownership table does not establish an ownership percentage for Vanguard on the same basis.²⁵

Named-entity screening record

The following entries identify corporate relationships and summarize the available Israel-related findings. Where a named individual has no separately verified investment or economic activity, this is a bounded evidence result rather than proof that the person has no such interests.

• General Motors Company - target and US parent; searched Israeli operations, investment, subsidiaries, procurement and settlement activity; verified Israeli R&D operations and technology investments.^{1, 5}
• General Motors Israel Ltd. - affiliated Israeli R&D operation; searched local facilities and engineering; verified Herzliya research center.²²
• GM Ventures - corporate investment operation; searched Israeli investments and ownership; verified participation in UVeye and Addionics.^{3, 4}
• GM-UMI Technology - historical affiliated entity; searched technology investments and historical activity; IVC reports cessation in 2008.²
• ALGOLiON Ltd. - acquired asset business; searched acquisition and Israeli operations; substantially all assets acquired in 2023.⁷
• UVeye - Israeli investee and commercial partner; searched GM investment and technology; 2022 financing and collaboration verified.³
• Addionics - Israeli investee; searched GM investment and battery manufacturing; 2024 financing verified.⁴
• Deep Insight - Addionics co-investor; searched financing role; co-led the Series B round with GM Ventures.⁴
• BlackRock, Inc. - significant GM institutional shareholder; screened ownership disclosures and potential Israel-related corporate attribution; 8.3% GM holding identified; separate GM-specific Israeli investment by BlackRock: no public evidence identified.²⁵
• State Street Corporation - significant GM institutional shareholder; screened ownership disclosures and potential Israel-related corporate attribution; 5.2% GM holding identified; separate GM-specific Israeli investment: no public evidence identified.²⁵
• The Vanguard Group - institutional shareholder referenced in GM’s proxy; searched ownership context; exact ownership percentage not established from reviewed ownership table; separate GM-specific Israeli investment: no public evidence identified.²⁵
• Mary T. Barra - Chair and CEO; screened disclosed governance and ownership; separately attributable personal Israeli company investments: no public evidence identified.²⁵
• Mark L. Reuss - GM President; screened executive ownership and governance; separately attributable personal Israeli company investments: no public evidence identified.²⁵
• Paul A. Jacobson - GM CFO; screened executive ownership and governance; separately attributable personal Israeli company investments: no public evidence identified.²⁵
• Sterling J. Anderson - named executive; screened executive ownership and governance; separately attributable personal Israeli company investments: no public evidence identified.²⁵
• Rory V. Harvey - named executive; screened executive ownership and governance; separately attributable personal Israeli company investments: no public evidence identified.²⁵
• Wesley G. Bush - GM director; screened governance and defense-industry background; former Northrop Grumman CEO; separately attributable Israeli company investment: no public evidence identified.²⁵
• Joanne C. Crevoiserat - GM director; screened governance; separately attributable Israeli company investments: no public evidence identified.²⁵
• Joseph Jimenez - GM director; screened governance; separately attributable Israeli company investments: no public evidence identified.²⁵
• Alfred F. Kelly Jr. - GM director; screened governance; separately attributable Israeli company investments: no public evidence identified.²⁵
• Judith A. Miscik - GM director; screened governance; separately attributable Israeli company investments: no public evidence identified.²⁵
• Patricia F. Russo - GM director; screened governance; separately attributable Israeli company investments: no public evidence identified.²⁵
• Mark A. Tatum - GM director; screened governance; separately attributable Israeli company investments: no public evidence identified.²⁵
• Jan E. Tighe - GM director; screened governance; separately attributable Israeli company investments: no public evidence identified.²⁵
• Devin N. Wenig - GM director; screened governance; separately attributable Israeli company investments: no public evidence identified.²⁵
• Guy Daniely - Israeli engineering executive; searched GM Israel management and research activity; identified in reporting on the Israeli technical center.²³
• Niles Fleischer - ALGOLiON founder; searched acquired business and technology; identified as co-founder in the 2023 acquisition account.⁷
• Alex Nimberger - ALGOLiON founder; searched acquired business and technology; identified as co-founder in the 2023 acquisition account.⁷
• Moshiel Biton - Addionics co-founder and CEO; searched financing and manufacturing; identified in contemporary investment reporting.⁹

Historical founder and structural ownership

The original US automotive business and the present US public company are distinct from GM’s later Israeli research-and-development organization. The reviewed filings do not identify an Israeli founder or Israeli state ownership of General Motors Company.^{1, 25}

An Israeli government golden share, state-appointed GM board member, Israeli veto right or charter provision binding General Motors to Israeli state policy: no public evidence identified.

Defense-industry board relationship

Wesley G. Bush’s former leadership of Northrop Grumman establishes a documented defense-industry background for one GM director. The proxy does not establish that GM’s Israeli R&D center supplies Northrop Grumman, the Israeli military or settlement authorities.²⁵

Historical and current group attribution

GM-UMI Technology is recorded as a historical Israeli affiliate that ceased in 2008. General Motors Israel Ltd. is identified as the continuing R&D affiliate, while GM Ventures is identified as the group’s investment operation.^{2, 22}

The ALGOLiON acquisition, UVeye investment and Addionics investment involve distinct counterparties and legal arrangements and are separately recorded above.^{7, 3, 4}

General Motors’ definitive proxy statement, filed on 20 April 2026, identifies Jonathan McNeill as an independent director who joined the Board in 2022. He was listed among the eleven nominees for election at the 2 June 2026 annual shareholder meeting, with membership of the Governance and Corporate Responsibility Committee and the Risk and Cybersecurity Committee. The original proxy therefore establishes McNeill’s board membership and nomination status as of 20 April 2026, but does not establish that he was subsequently reelected.²⁷

On 26 May 2026, McNeill notified GM’s Board that he would not stand for reelection and would retire upon conclusion of the 2 June 2026 annual meeting. GM disclosed this decision in a Form 8-K and a supplement to its definitive proxy statement, both dated 26 May 2026. The company stated that his departure did not arise from disagreement concerning its operations, policies or practices. The proxy supplement withdrew his nomination, confirmed that no replacement candidate would be nominated, and provided for the Board to decrease from eleven to ten directors after the meeting. His retirement therefore took effect upon conclusion of the 2 June 2026 meeting, rather than on the 26 May notification date.^{28, 29}

GM’s Form 8-K filed on 4 June 2026 confirms that shareholders elected ten directors for one-year terms at the annual meeting held on 2 June 2026. Jonathan McNeill was absent from the final elected-director list, consistent with his previously announced withdrawal and retirement. This confirms the existing audit statement under “Governance and 2026 board” identifying ten directors elected in June 2026. It also clarifies the temporal scope of the audit’s 2026 proxy evidence: McNeill was a serving director and nominee when the original proxy was filed on 20 April, remained a director until the conclusion of the 2 June meeting, and was not a member of the newly elected ten-person Board thereafter. His omission from the existing June 2026 director list is therefore correct and does not contradict his appearance in the original proxy.^{27, 28, 29, 26}

Profit Repatriation & Economic Contribution

Revenue attribution

General Motors’ 2025 Form 10-K reports global automotive operations through geographic and business-segment disclosures. Israel is not separately identified as a revenue-generating country in the principal geographic revenue presentation.¹

The filing therefore does not provide a verified standalone amount for revenue generated by GM’s Israeli operations or sales into Israel.¹

Israeli R&D employment expenditure

GM’s careers page describes more than 750 Israeli technical employees, while contemporaneous media reporting describes approximately 800 in August 2024 and approximately 700 before the May 2025 reductions. These records establish substantial local employment activity but do not provide a verified wage-bill total.^{5, 23, 24}

Profit flows

Documented GM investment activity includes the acquisition of ALGOLiON assets and venture financing of UVeye and Addionics. The available transaction records do not disclose the individual GM capital contribution to either venture financing round or any dividend payments subsequently received.^{7, 3, 4}

GM’s consolidated financial statements do not separately disclose dividends, royalties, transfer-pricing payments or management fees remitted between its Israeli R&D operations and US parent entities.¹

Israeli tax revenue

A specific amount of Israeli corporation tax, employer taxes, VAT, royalties or other government revenue attributable to GM’s Israeli entities: no public evidence identified.

Economic ecosystem role

General Motors characterizes its Israeli technical center as an integral research operation supporting development of autonomous, electric and connected vehicle technologies. Its Israeli careers presence also identifies regional GM Ventures investment activities.⁵

The UVeye investment and commercial agreement documented support for an Israeli-developed vehicle-inspection technology business. The Addionics financing separately supported the expansion of an Israeli-founded battery-technology business.^{3, 4}

Industry reporting describes Addionics as operating within the Israeli battery-technology sector and identifies GM Ventures as a participant in its $39 million financing round.^{9, 10}

Israeli government-supported technology

The published account of ALGOLiON’s acquisition states that the company had previously received support from the Israeli Innovation Authority. The sources reviewed do not establish the amount or the specific legal and financial terms of that historical support.⁷

Settlement-specific economic contribution

Direct GM revenues, tax payments, investments, procurement contracts or financial transfers attributable to Israeli settlements in the West Bank, East Jerusalem or the Golan Heights: no public evidence identified.