GB News

Key Findings

• Economic: GB News entered the Israeli television market in September 2025 through carriage on Cellcom TV, with CEO Angelos Frangopoulos describing the launch as a significant part of the network’s international expansion. Cellcom is separately identified in UN and specialist settlement-business reporting, but the audits found no evidence that GB News financed, controlled or specifically participated in Cellcom’s settlement-related operations.^{1, 2, 3}
• Digital: Current 2026 evidence shows Taboola technology present on GB News. Taboola is incorporated in Israel, maintains major R&D and data-centre infrastructure there, and states that customer, user and visitor information may be stored in Israel and the United States. The audits did not establish a GB News-specific Israeli server assignment, the routing of particular GB News user records to Israel, or access by Israeli public authorities.^{4, 5, 6, 7}
• Political: GB News itself publicly welcomed expansion into Israeli homes and framed Israel as part of its international audience-growth strategy. The audits found no equivalent corporate statement endorsing settlement expansion, Israeli military policy, the Gaza war, or a position for or against Palestinian statehood.^{1, 8}
• Not found: No public evidence identified of GB News or All Perspectives holding Israeli military or security contracts, supplying weapons or dual-use military systems, providing military logistics, or operating settlement-specific military infrastructure.^{9, 10}

Target Profile

Key Facts:

• GB News and its controlling company are UK-incorporated entities; no Israeli ownership, Israeli state golden share, Israeli subsidiary or Israeli headquarters was identified in the audited corporate records.^{11, 16, 13}
• The September 2025 Cellcom launch is the clearest direct commercial Israel nexus established by the audits.¹
• GB News itself was not identified as a named settlement enterprise in the UN materials reviewed; Cellcom, its Israeli distribution intermediary, was separately identified in settlement-business reporting.^{2, 10}
• The digital audit’s current qualifying result concerns structural exposure through Taboola’s technology and data infrastructure rather than demonstrated Israeli-state access to GB News data.^{4, 5, 6}

Executive Summary

GB News is a UK private broadcaster controlled through All Perspectives Ltd.^{11, 12} Its clearest direct economic and political connection to Israel is its September 2025 launch on Cellcom TV. The launch was presented publicly as part of GB News’s international expansion, with CEO Angelos Frangopoulos welcoming the channel’s entry into Israeli homes.¹ The commercial terms, Israel-specific revenue and precise duration of the carriage agreement were not established in the audits.

The Cellcom relationship creates a documented indirect settlement nexus. Cellcom appears in UN settlement-business material, while Who Profits and AFSC describe telecommunications infrastructure or services associated with Israeli settlements.^{2, 3, 17} The audits expressly keep those activities separate from GB News: no evidence identified GB News financing Cellcom’s settlement infrastructure, contracting with a settlement authority, selecting Cellcom for that purpose, or earning specifically settlement-attributable revenue. The relationship established for GB News is television distribution.^{1, 3, 17}

The strongest current digital finding concerns Taboola. Independent technology observation and the GB News site evidence reviewed by the audit identified Taboola integration in 2026.^{4, 5} Taboola’s regulatory filing states that Taboola.com Ltd. is incorporated under Israeli law and that major R&D facilities and data centres are located in Israel; its privacy policy describes global data flows and storage of customer, user and visitor information in Israel and the United States.^{6, 7} GB News’s own privacy policy confirms substantial audience-data and advertising functions, including IP addresses, browsing/interaction information, profiles for targeted advertising and third-party tracking technologies.¹⁸ The evidence does not establish that every GB News data category is supplied to Taboola, that particular GB News records are stored in Israel, or that an Israeli public authority has accessed them.

Historical digital evidence is more limited. GB News had a documented Outbrain advertising and recommendation relationship in 2023/early 2024; Outbrain maintained significant technology operations in Netanya before its combination with Teads.^{19, 20} The audits did not establish that this relationship continued after July or November 2024. Current Content Ignite material describes a later GB News monetisation stack but does not identify which earlier vendor was displaced.²¹ Controlling-principal research also found institutional Marshall Wace holdings in companies including Palantir, but those positions are investment-manager holdings and were not attributed to GB News operations or to Sir Paul Marshall’s personal beneficial ownership.^{22, 23}

The military domain produced no qualifying result. No public evidence identified defence contracts, weapons or component supply, military logistics, dual-use systems, Israeli state-security technology provision or settlement-specific military activity by GB News or All Perspectives.^{9, 10} The final vetted V6.5 assessment therefore assigns Military 0.00, Digital 2.49, Economic 2.51 and Political 3.50, producing a Complicity Index score of 319 and Tier D (Moderate Complicity). The highest score is political because the corporate Israel-market entry and executive framing are direct GB News acts; the economic and digital scores reflect narrower commercial and technology mechanisms with substantial attribution limits.

Timeline of Relevant Events

Corporate Overview

GB News Limited is an active UK private company whose registered activity is television programming and broadcasting.¹¹ Companies House records All Perspectives Ltd as its sole active PSC at the 75%-or-more share and voting thresholds, together with director appointment/removal rights. The statutory record does not state that All Perspectives owns exactly 100%.¹²

All Perspectives is itself a UK private company.¹⁶ Its current PSC register identifies Sir Paul Marshall in the more-than-25%-but-not-more-than-50% share and voting band and records Philip Vassiliou, Richard Douglas and Christopher Chandler through forms of significant influence or control over trustees of trusts.¹³ The audits did not identify Israeli state ownership, an Israeli controlling shareholder, an Israeli incorporated subsidiary, an Israeli headquarters, or an Israeli corporate charter function for either GB News or All Perspectives.^{11, 16, 13}

The operational Israel relationship established by the evidence is distribution rather than local corporate ownership. In September 2025 GB News launched through Cellcom TV, with signal aggregation, feed adaptation, secure delivery, EPG and platform-onboarding functions described around the arrangement.¹ No Israeli GB News office, studio, data centre, warehouse or dedicated operating subsidiary was identified.

The audits apply a strict attribution boundary. Conduct by Cellcom, technology vendors, presenters, interviewees, shareholders’ unrelated businesses or institutional investment portfolios is not automatically treated as conduct by GB News. That distinction is particularly important for Cellcom’s independently documented settlement activities and for Marshall Wace investment-manager holdings associated with Sir Paul Marshall’s separate financial business.^{3, 17, 22, 23}

Domain Summaries

Military: Military

Mechanism of Involvement

No qualifying military mechanism was established. GB News is documented as a broadcaster and digital publisher, and the identified Israel-side arrangement is civilian television distribution through Cellcom TV.^{11, 1} The Military audit found no public evidence of contracts or tenders with the Israeli Ministry of Defense, IDF, prison service, border police or another Israeli security body; no weapons, ammunition, defence components or tactical products; no Israeli military logistics or base services; and no physical dual-use military system supplied by the target.⁹

The audit also found no target role in settlement construction, demolition, checkpoints, the separation barrier, military installations or other occupied-territory military infrastructure.¹⁰ GB News and All Perspectives were not identified as target entities in the authoritative military/occupation-related materials screened by the audit.^{9, 10}

One name-based lead was expressly rejected. A UK Ministry of Defence transparency record described a “Paul Marshall” meeting Elbit Systems, but the official concerned was Vice Admiral Paul Marshall, a UK defence official, rather than Sir Paul Roderick Clucas Marshall, the All Perspectives PSC. The audit therefore excluded the meeting from GB News attribution.^{26, 27}

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

GB News’s strongest defence in this domain is straightforward: the documented business is broadcasting, and the documented Israel relationship is television carriage. The audit did not establish a military customer, military end user, military procurement function, weapons supply chain or military-service agreement.^{11, 1, 9}

Cellcom has separate telecommunications activities that may involve Israeli state or settlement infrastructure, but the audits did not identify GB News as participating in those contracts. Association with a distributor is insufficient under the rubric to create a military finding.

Absence findings remain limited to the searched public record. “No public evidence identified” does not prove that no undisclosed relationship could exist; it records that the required qualifying evidence was not found.

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Digital: Digital

Mechanism of Involvement

The current qualifying digital mechanism is GB News’s deployment of Taboola together with Taboola’s Israeli corporate, R&D and data-infrastructure footprint. A current technology profile observed Taboola on gbnews.com, while the audit’s 8 October 2026 capture separately identified a GB News-specific Taboola loader and placements.^{4, 5}

Taboola’s 2025 Form 10-K states that Taboola.com Ltd. is incorporated under Israeli law, identifies its core R&D team in Tel Aviv and says its principal R&D facilities, including major data centres, are in Israel. It also reports data-centre operations in Israel and several other countries.⁶ Taboola’s privacy policy says global data flows include Israel and that customer, user and visitor information is stored in data centres in Israel and the United States; it describes categories such as IP addresses or unique identifiers, browsing and advertisement interaction, non-precise geolocation, commercial information and inferred preferences.⁷

GB News’s own privacy policy establishes that its service processes audience information for advertising and analytics, including IP addresses, browsing and interaction information and advertising profiles, and that third-party advertising companies may collect and use data through tracking technologies.¹⁸ It does not state that all such information is transferred to Taboola.

Historical evidence also documents GB News using Outbrain’s advertising and recommendation products in 2023/early 2024.¹⁹ Outbrain’s later SEC filing documented substantial technology and development operations in Netanya.²⁰ The audit did not treat that historical relationship as proven current continuity.

A separate controlling-principal line of inquiry found that Sir Paul Marshall has a formal control position in Marshall Wace LLP and that Marshall Wace’s Q2 2026 institutional 13F reported Palantir holdings.^{22, 23} Palantir has publicly described a strategic partnership with the Israeli Ministry of Defense.²⁸ These facts were retained as controlling-principal context but were not treated as GB News procurement or operational integration.

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

The strongest defence is that the digital evidence establishes structural exposure, not demonstrated state access. No public GB News-specific Taboola data-processing agreement, regional routing configuration or server assignment was identified. The record does not show that a particular GB News user record was stored in Israel or viewed by an Israeli state authority.^{6, 7}

The presence of Taboola scripts also does not prove that every placement fires for every visitor or that every vendor-wide data category is collected from GB News users.^{4, 5, 7} GB News’s privacy policy lists broader publisher-level categories without allocating each category to Taboola.¹⁸

The historical Outbrain relationship is dated. Its precise termination date is unresolved, and current Content Ignite material says a newer monetisation platform replaced a previous advertising stack without naming the displaced vendor.^{21, 19} It would therefore be unsound to describe Outbrain/Teads as a proven continuing GB News dependency.

The Marshall Wace positions are institutional investment-manager holdings. The filing does not establish that Sir Paul Marshall personally beneficially owns each security, that GB News capital financed the positions, or that those holdings give GB News a technology relationship with Palantir or any other portfolio company.^{22, 23}

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Economic: Economic

Mechanism of Involvement

The principal economic finding is direct Israeli-market entry. GB News launched on Cellcom TV in September 2025, giving the channel Israeli distribution and placing Israel within its broader international commercial rollout.¹ The audits found no disclosed agreement value, revenue-share terms, Israel-specific revenue or Israeli market-share figure.

Cellcom provides the material intermediary nexus. The official 2023 OHCHR database includes Cellcom among enterprises associated with specified settlement-related activities.² Who Profits describes Cellcom telecommunications infrastructure or contractual work involving settlements including Efrat, Beit El, Beitar Illit, Givat Ze’ev, Geva Binyamin, Ma’ale Adumim, Ma’ale Ephraim and Kiryat Arba; AFSC likewise describes Cellcom infrastructure serving settlements.^{3, 17}

The audits nevertheless distinguish Cellcom’s conduct from GB News’s own activity. No public evidence identified that GB News itself built settlement infrastructure, contracted with a settlement authority, acquired an Israeli operating company, maintained an Israeli office or data centre, or received specifically settlement-attributable revenue.^{11, 1, 3}

Supplier-level economic connections also exist but are secondary. The audits documented historical Outbrain use and current technology relationships involving vendors with Israeli operations, while keeping supplier facilities separate from GB News-owned assets.^{19, 20}

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

GB News’s strongest economic defence is the limited character of its verified presence. The record establishes distribution of a British television channel through an Israeli carrier; it does not establish a GB News Israeli subsidiary, physical operating base, factory, local workforce, Israeli tax status, equity acquisition or disclosed capital investment.^{11, 1}

Cellcom’s settlement-related activity is independently documented, but the audits found no evidence that GB News directed, financed or participated in those projects, or that its channel carriage was specifically contracted for settlement households.^{1, 3, 17} Treating all Cellcom conduct as conduct by every content provider on its platform would violate the dossier’s entity-attribution rule.

The commercial value of the Cellcom relationship is also unknown. No Israel-specific revenue, profit flow or carriage fee was identified. The audit therefore supports a meaningful market-access relationship but not a claim that Israel is financially material to GB News as a whole.

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Political: Political

Mechanism of Involvement

The political score is driven principally by an attributable corporate act: GB News itself entered the Israeli market in September 2025 and its CEO publicly framed the launch as a significant part of the network’s international expansion, welcoming the channel’s arrival in Israeli homes.¹ Under the reviewed V6.5 rationale, this constitutes affirmative corporate treatment of Israel as an ordinary international market and falls within the rubric’s Business-as-Usual band.

The audits did not identify a corresponding GB News corporate statement endorsing Israeli settlement expansion, the conduct of the Gaza war, Israeli military policy, Hamas, or a position for or against Palestinian statehood.⁸ GB News has demonstrated the ability to run corporate/editorial campaigns on other issues, but the political audit found no equivalent GB News-branded Israel/Palestine campaign in the materials reviewed.⁸

The Cellcom relationship adds an indirect settlement-policy dimension because the distributor is independently identified in UN and specialist settlement-business reporting.^{2, 3, 17} The political audit expressly stops short of attributing Cellcom’s settlement conduct to GB News.

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

GB News’s strongest defence is that its CEO’s 2025 statement was a market-expansion statement rather than an endorsement of Israeli government policy. The cited remarks concern reaching audiences and bringing British reporting and debate into Israeli homes; they do not express support for settlement expansion, military operations or a particular constitutional outcome for Palestinians.¹

The audit also separates editorial speakers from the corporation. Statements by presenters, politicians, contributors, interviewees or guests were not converted into GB News corporate positions without separate attribution. Frangopoulos told Parliament that GB News structurally distinguishes news bulletins from current-affairs and opinion programming.⁸

No public evidence identified GB News or All Perspectives lobbying for Israeli government policy, anti-BDS legislation, settlement recognition or arms transfers; making corporate donations to Israeli military or settlement bodies; sponsoring an Israeli state campaign; or providing crisis logistics to the Israeli military.⁹ No GB News-specific Israel/Palestine boycott campaign was identified in the authoritative materials screened.

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Complicity Index Score

Method: V6.5, using the fixed human-vetted domain values supplied after canonical eligibility, shortlist and examiner review.

• V_MAX: 3.50 Avg_OTHERS: 1.67
• Complicity Index score: 319 Tier: D (Moderate Complicity)

Political supplies the V_MAX of 3.50 because the Israeli-market launch and executive framing are direct corporate acts with high proximity. Economic and Digital contribute lower scores because the established mechanisms are narrower and contain significant intermediary, data-routing and attribution limits, while Military remains zero because no qualifying military frame was established.

The V6.5 method is scale-free and evidence-only: scores reflect the type, scale and directness of verified activity rather than company size or reputation, and the final values were examiner-adjudicated and human-vetted rather than inferred afresh for this dossier.

Methodology Note

• Evidence is restricted to the four supplied domain audits. Allegations or associations that the audits rejected, left unresolved, or could not verify are not upgraded into findings.
• Impact (I) measures the type of verified activity, Magnitude (M) its scale, and Proximity (P) the directness of the target’s relationship to the qualifying mechanism. The method is scale-free.
• Temporal treatment matters: historical, divested, replaced or otherwise unverified continuing relationships are discounted rather than silently treated as current. The historical Outbrain relationship is therefore distinguished from current Taboola evidence.¹⁹
• Entity attribution is non-transitive. Conduct by a supplier, distributor, shareholder, portfolio company, presenter or guest is attributed to GB News only where the audits establish the necessary corporate or operational link.
• A verified settlement operation can contribute to both Economic and Political where the rubric permits, but intermediary settlement conduct is not converted into a direct GB News settlement operation without evidence of participation, control or financing.
• Where the audits’ checks found no qualifying evidence, this dossier uses “No public evidence identified” rather than asserting that an undisclosed relationship is impossible.