GB News DIGITAL

Request ID: a0843a30-0155-4ade-958f-76ac7dac3a0a Audit date: 8 October 2026 Target: GB News; GB News Limited (company 12859339); parent/control chain through All Perspectives Ltd (company 12227760).

Entity and scope baseline

GB News Limited is an active UK private company incorporated on 4 September 2020, with television programming and broadcasting as its registered business activity.¹ Companies House records one active person with significant control over GB News Limited: All Perspectives Ltd, with 75% or more of shares, 75% or more of voting rights, and the right to appoint or remove directors; the filing does not state an exact 100% holding.² Current Companies House officer records identify Angelos Frangopoulos and Marc Schipper as directors.³

All Perspectives Ltd is itself an active UK company.⁴ Its current PSC register includes Sir Paul Marshall, who holds more than 25% but not more than 50% of shares and voting rights, plus Philip Vassiliou, Richard Douglas and Christopher Chandler through forms of significant influence or control over trustees of trusts.⁵ This audit attributes verified group/control facts where the rubric requires controlling-principal research, but it keeps shareholder-associated investment activity analytically distinct from GB News procurement, editorial output, presenters’ personal acts, guests’ views, advertisements, and mere third-party distribution.

Enterprise Technology Stack & Vendor Relationships

Israeli-origin software and services

A direct Outbrain case study dated ©2023 and hosted in a January 2024 path states that GB News used Outbrain’s feed solution, high-impact display and video experiences, and the Onyx branding product across mid-article placements. It reports a 38% average RPM lift and quotes GB News Chief Digital Officer Geoff Marsh describing the integration and the companies’ partnership.⁶ This establishes a direct advertising-technology relationship in 2023/early 2024; it does not establish continuity after 19 July 2024 or after the November 2024 ICC warrants.

Outbrain says Yaron Galai and Ori Lahav founded the company in 2006 and that its business is recommendation technology for the open web.⁷ Outbrain’s 2024 Form 10-K states that the combined company has subsidiaries including in Israel, that its technology and development teams are primarily located in Netanya, Montpellier, Paris and Ljubljana, and that its Netanya premises are used primarily for technology and development.⁸ The same filing says Outbrain completed its acquisition of Teads on 3 February 2025 and that the combined company would operate under the Teads name.⁸ Teads’ current office directory lists an Israel office among its global locations.⁹

No public evidence identified of direct GB News licensing or deployment of Check Point, Wiz, SentinelOne, CyberArk, NICE, Verint, Claroty, Palo Alto Networks, or another specifically verified Israeli-origin enterprise-security product.^{6, 8, 10, 11}

Scale of dependency

The verified Outbrain deployment concerned audience engagement, advertising inventory, video/display formats and publisher monetisation rather than GB News’ broadcast playout or newsroom core.⁶ Public evidence therefore supports a meaningful digital-revenue function, but not a finding that Outbrain was the primary production cloud, newsroom system, or security layer.⁶

[>5 years old: 2021; 2026 relationship status unknown] TVBEurope reported that GB News selected Mediability as systems integrator for a multi-platform cloud newsroom using DiNA and the Mimir cloud media-management system.¹⁰ Mimir integrated cognitive services from AWS, Google, IBM, Microsoft, Speechmatics, Scriptix and Recapp and ran applications on AWS cloud infrastructure; the article also described AWS Transcribe, Adobe Premiere integration, encrypted data in transit and at rest, and customer-controlled storage.¹⁰ The source describes the platform architecture available to GB News at launch; it does not prove that every optional cognitive service was enabled in the GB News tenant.

[>5 years old: 2021; 2026 relationship status unknown] Simplestream stated that GB News selected its App Platform for OTT services, including live-to-VOD catch-up and dynamic ad replacement across desktop, Android and iOS.¹¹ A later Simplestream client story described the App Platform and Media Manager orchestration layer and reported millions of hours of digital consumption during the early service period.¹² [>5 years old: 2021; 2026 relationship status unknown] Red Bee Media separately documented a cloud-based, software-only managed playout deployment for GB News’ linear broadcasts.¹³ These sources establish launch-period architecture only; current 2026 continuity was not assumed.

PA Media describes itself as a critical GB News newsgathering partner, supplying PA Create newswire/diary/alerts and newsroom-ready video, with additional radio support from January 2022.¹⁴ RebelMouse currently lists GB News among news publishers using its platform, while a 2026 web-technology observation of gbnews.com reported x-powered-by: rebelmouse and Fastly-related response headers.^{15, 16} The HypeStat observation is treated only as corroborative technical evidence, not proof of a contract.¹⁶

Procurement and integrator relationships

Mediability is the clearest publicly named systems integrator for GB News’ launch newsroom, with DiNA/Mimir and AWS-centred cloud architecture.¹⁰ Simplestream and Red Bee were separately selected for OTT and managed playout functions.^{11, 13} no public evidence identified that these integrators mandated or deployed an Israeli-origin surveillance, cyber-security, or biometric product for GB News.^{10, 11, 13}

Surveillance, Biometrics & Retail Technology

Facial recognition and biometrics

No public evidence identified of GB News using Israeli-origin facial recognition, biometric identification, gait analysis, Oosto/AnyVision, BriefCam, Trigo, Trax, or comparable biometric technology.^{10, 17, 18}

Mimir’s general product architecture included AI-assisted media analysis and the vendor discussed automatic logging of persons detected in clips in the context of GDPR and security.¹⁰ The available GB News implementation source does not establish that GB News enabled person-detection functionality, and it does not identify an Israeli biometric vendor.¹⁰

Predictive analytics and monitoring

Outbrain’s case study expressly describes predictive technology used to connect audiences and improve advertising/media-business outcomes for GB News.⁶ This is commercial recommendation and advertising optimisation; no public evidence identified that GB News used Outbrain, or any Israeli-origin vendor, for predictive policing, employee surveillance, sentiment analysis, or law-enforcement monitoring.^{6, 8}

Third-party deployment

The Mimir architecture could call third-party cognitive services from AWS, Google, IBM, Microsoft, Speechmatics, Scriptix and Recapp.¹⁰ That establishes a bundled multi-vendor AI/media layer, but no public evidence identified an Israeli-origin surveillance or biometric capability reaching GB News indirectly through that stack.¹⁰

Cloud Infrastructure, Data Residency & Sovereign Cloud Participation

Data centres in Israel

No public evidence identified that GB News owns, leases or co-locates data-centre infrastructure in Israel.^{1, 6, 8} Outbrain/Teads has a substantial Israeli technology-development footprint in Netanya,^{8, 9} but neither the GB News case study nor Outbrain’s filing establishes that GB News audience data was hosted in, routed through, or stored in Israel.^{6, 8}

Government cloud contracts

No public evidence identified of GB News participation in Project Nimbus or any comparable Israeli government cloud procurement.¹⁹ UN document A/HRC/59/23 is an authoritative screening source for the broader Israel cloud/AI context and addresses Project Nimbus and other technology companies, but this research did not identify GB News or All Perspectives as a provider in that programme.¹⁹

Data sovereignty and resilience services

No public evidence identified that GB News provides data-sovereignty, data-residency, cloud-resilience, hosting, or infrastructure services to Israeli state institutions or military bodies.^{1, 19}

Data-exposure principle

GB News’ iOS app privacy disclosure says identifiers may be used to track users and lists categories including coarse location, browsing history, device ID, usage data and diagnostics for analytics, along with coarse location for app functionality and contact data for other purposes.¹⁷ Google Play’s data-safety disclosure says the app may collect and share categories including location, personal information and device or other identifiers.¹⁸ These platform disclosures establish audience-data processing by the service; they do not identify Israel as a storage or processing location.^{17, 18}

For recruitment, GB News’ careers privacy policy says Teamtailor powers the recruitment service and describes the use of hosting/server, email-reference, video-processing, information-sourcing and analytics processors.²⁰ Its careers cookie policy describes necessary and analytics cookies and user controls.²¹ These pages concern recruitment rather than the main news audience platform.^{20, 21}

Press Gazette reported in 2025 that GB News was among publishers using a consent-or-pay approach and charged £4.99 to users who rejected advertising cookies.²² A 2026 Campaign Media Company Awards profile says GB News surpassed one billion online page views in 2025 and in-housed programmatic advertising while expanding connected-TV and FAST activity.²³ These sources support substantial advertising and audience-data functions, but no public evidence identified that the relevant event-level data, identifiers, ad profiles or programmatic logs are legally resident in or transferred to Israeli jurisdiction.

Defence, Intelligence & Security Sector Technology Relationships

Military and intelligence contracts

No public evidence identified of a GB News or GB News Limited contract, partnership or service agreement with the Israeli Ministry of Defense, Israel Defense Forces, Israeli intelligence agencies, police or other Israeli state-security body.^{1, 19}

Dual-use technology provision

No public evidence identified that GB News provides a general-purpose digital platform, cloud service, surveillance product, communications system or analytics tool for Israeli military, intelligence or law-enforcement use.^{1, 19} GB News is a broadcaster and digital publisher, and the verified technology relationships in this audit concern its own newsroom, streaming, advertising and audience functions.^{1, 6, 10, 11}

Offensive cyber and weapons technology

No public evidence identified of GB News developing, licensing, selling or maintaining offensive cyber tools, zero-day exploitation capabilities or digital weapons systems for Israeli state actors.^{1, 19}

AI, Algorithmic & Autonomous Systems

AI/ML provision to state bodies

No public evidence identified that GB News provides AI, machine learning, computer vision or autonomous decision-support systems to Israeli state, military or security bodies.^{1, 19}

GB News’ historical Mimir newsroom stack used general-purpose cloud and AI services for journalistic workflows such as searching media, speech-to-text transcription and other media analysis.¹⁰ Outbrain’s verified role was recommendation/advertising prediction and monetisation.⁶ Neither relationship is evidence of GB News providing AI to an Israeli state body.

Training data and model development

No public evidence identified that GB News trained AI models on Israeli or occupied-territory civilian data, intercepted communications, or surveillance-derived datasets, or that it supplied such datasets to an Israeli state actor.^{10, 19}

Autonomous systems and lethality

No public evidence identified of GB News providing autonomous target generation, automated military threat detection, target tracking, fire-control AI, or other purpose-built kinetic systems.^{1, 19}

Technology Ecosystem & R&D Footprint

Israeli R&D centres

No public evidence identified of a GB News-owned engineering office, R&D centre, innovation lab or accelerator in Israel.^{1, 8} A vendor used by GB News in 2023/early 2024, Outbrain, maintained technology and development operations in Netanya; Outbrain’s 2024 Form 10-K says the Netanya facility was used primarily for technology and development.^{6, 8} Current Teads materials continue to list an Israel office.⁹ This vendor footprint does not establish a GB News corporate facility in Israel.

Acquisitions and investments

No public evidence identified of GB News Limited or All Perspectives Ltd acquiring an Israeli technology company or making a disclosed direct strategic investment in an Israeli cyber, surveillance or AI company.^{1, 4, 5}

A separate controlling-principal fact requires qualification. Companies House records Sir Paul Marshall as an All Perspectives PSC with more than 25% but not more than 50% of shares and votes.⁵ GOV.UK identifies him as chairman and chief investment officer of Marshall Wace LLP.²⁴ Marshall Wace’s SEC Form 13F for the quarter ended 31 March 2026 identifies the reporting investment manager and its information table reports securities positions including Cellebrite DI Ltd. and Palantir Technologies.^{25, 26} Cellebrite’s 2025 Form 20-F states that it is organised under Israeli law and describes its business as AI-powered digital investigative and intelligence solutions.²⁷ Palantir’s own Q4 2023 business update states that after a January 2024 board meeting in Tel Aviv it agreed a strategic partnership with the Israeli Ministry of Defense to supply Palantir technology to the war effort.²⁸

The Q1 2026 Marshall Wace positions post-date both 19 July 2024 and November 2024.^{25, 26} They are recorded here because the rubric calls for controlling-principal research, but a Form 13F reports an institutional investment manager’s positions; it does not show that Sir Paul Marshall personally beneficially owned each security, and it does not establish GB News procurement, technology provision, or operational integration with Cellebrite or Palantir.^{24, 25, 26}

Patent and intellectual property relationships

No public evidence identified of material GB News patent licensing, joint R&D, or co-development arrangements with Israeli-domiciled technology companies, Technion, Hebrew University, Weizmann Institute, or another Israeli research institution.^{1, 4}

Civil Society Scrutiny & Regulatory History

NGO, academic and UN reports

The OHCHR document index records A/HRC/37/39, the Human Rights Council database framework concerning business enterprises involved in specified settlement-related activities.²⁹ The current 2023 update was located during research but its OHCHR endpoint returned HTTP 403 on direct browser retrieval, so it is not included in End Notes and no target-specific inclusion or exclusion claim is based on that blocked document.

A/HRC/59/23 was reviewed as an authoritative technology-context source; it addresses cloud, AI and technology-company relationships with Israel, including Project Nimbus and Palantir-related issues.¹⁹ no public evidence identified in the accessible material that the report specifically attributes a technology relationship, settlement activity, military-cloud provision, or surveillance service to GB News or All Perspectives.

Boycott and divestment campaigns

No public evidence identified of an organised boycott, divestment or sanctions campaign targeting GB News specifically because of technology provision to Israel, Israeli state institutions, the Israeli military, or settlements.^{19, 29}

Regulatory and legal actions

No public evidence identified of a regulatory inquiry, export-control action, sanctions investigation or legal challenge concerning GB News technology sales or services to Israeli state entities.^{1, 19}

Constructive-notice and settlement-nexus checks

The direct Outbrain evidence is dated ©2023 and was published in a January 2024 path; it therefore does not establish that the relationship continued after the ICJ advisory opinion of 19 July 2024 or after the November 2024 ICC arrest warrants.⁶ no public evidence identified of GB News digital services being provided specifically in or to Israeli settlements, or of a GB News licensee/franchisee providing such services.^{19, 29}

The Q1 2026 Marshall Wace holdings described above are later than those notice dates, but they are investment-manager positions associated with a controlling principal’s separate financial business, not evidence of post-notice GB News technology provision.^{5, 24, 25, 26}

Targeted evidence expansion - 8October2026

This addendum updates the current vendor and institutional-holdings picture while preserving the prior verified audit above. Current vendor-wide disclosures do not resolve publisher-specific traffic routing or actual state access. The dated Q1 holdings remain historical facts; the latest public Q2 filing supplies the current reporting-period context.^{30, 31, 32}

Current Taboola integration and vendor data infrastructure

Current 2026 evidence identifies a separate Israeli-incorporated ad-tech vendor. A current HypeStat profile for gbnews.com, with headers observed on 10 August 2026, lists Taboola as installed advertising technology.¹⁶ The operator-supplied 8 October 2026 capture separately observed cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/gbnews-website/loader.js and _taboola placements.³³ This supports current Taboola integration presence, but script/template presence does not prove which placements fired for every visitor or the contractual scope.

Taboola’s 2025 Form 10-K says Taboola.com Ltd. is incorporated under Israeli law; its principal R&D facilities, including major data centres, are in Israel; its core R&D team is in Tel Aviv; and it operates data centres in the United States, Israel, Hong Kong, Singapore and the Netherlands.³⁰ Taboola’s current privacy policy says global data flows include the EEA, UK, Israel, United States, Singapore and Japan, and that Customer, User and Visitor information is stored in data centres in Israel and the United States.³¹ No public GB News-specific Taboola DPA, routing record or regional configuration was identified.

Current monetisation stack and unresolved Outbrain continuity

Current Content Ignite material says GB News moved to its Managed Service and One-Tag/Fusion platform, that Fusion replaced a previous ad stack, and that Content Ignite works with GB News across desktop, mobile web, app and video.³⁴ The page does not name the displaced vendor, so it cannot establish that Outbrain was terminated. Current Taboola presence likewise cannot be treated as Outbrain/Teads continuity.^{16, 34}

Vendor data categories and publisher-specific limits

Taboola’s current privacy policy says its services can process identifiers such as IP address and unique IDs, internet/online activity including browsing and advertisement interaction, non-precise geolocation, commercial information and inferred preferences.³¹ These are vendor-wide categories. Public evidence does not establish that every category is collected from GB News users or disclose GB News-specific retention, consent configuration or routing.^{16, 31}

Current institutional holdings and documented control links

A controlling-principal investment-manager fact requires qualification. Companies House records Sir Paul Marshall as an All Perspectives PSC with more than 25% but not more than 50% of shares and votes.⁵ Companies House separately records him as a Marshall Wace LLP PSC through ownership of more than 25% but not more than 50% of voting rights.³⁵

Marshall Wace’s Q1 2026 13F information table reported positions in Cellebrite DI Ltd. and Palantir Technologies.²⁶ Cellebrite’s 2025 Form 20-F says it is organised under Israeli law and provides digital investigative and intelligence solutions.²⁷ Palantir’s Q4 2023 business update says that after a January 2024 board meeting in Tel Aviv it agreed a strategic partnership with the Israeli Ministry of Defense to supply Palantir technology to the war effort.²⁸

The latest public Marshall Wace 13F available on 8 October 2026 is the Q2 2026 filing for 30 June 2026, filed 13 August. Its complete submission reports Palantir Class A common-stock entries totalling 2,609,060 shares and approximately $304.4 million in reported value, plus put and call option positions.³² The complete Q2 submission contains no Cellebrite/CUSIP M2197Q107 entry, so no reportable Cellebrite long position is disclosed for that quarter.³²

These holdings post-date 19 July 2024 and November 2024. They are institutional investment-manager positions. Form 13F does not establish that Sir Paul Marshall personally beneficially owns each security, that they sit in a family-office vehicle, or that GB News operating capital funds them. No public evidence identified resolving those beneficial-capital questions.^{35, 32}

The absence of a reportable Q2 Cellebrite long holding does not exclude non-13F exposures; the previous Q1 record remains a dated historical finding.³²

Publisher policy access completed by root - 8October2026

The official GB News privacy policy identifies GB News Limited as controller and says the service may collect account/contact information, payment details when a user pays for services, technical information such as IP address, and browsing/interaction information including pages visited and visits before/after the service. It describes profiles for targeted advertising and third-party advertising companies collecting, storing and using data through cookies/tracking, sometimes for their own purposes.³⁶ These are publisher-wide categories; the policy does not name Taboola or establish that Taboola receives account, payment, contact or every listed data category. No GB News-specific Taboola server assignment or actual Israeli public-authority access is established.^{36, 31}

The official cookie policy identifies the same service operator and describes first- and third-party cookies, pixels, local storage and SDK identifiers for service, measurement/performance and advertising functions, with user choices. It names Google as an example of a third-party cookie provider but does not name Taboola or Outbrain.³⁷ Its displayed creation date is May2021; root retrieved the currently published version on8October2026 and does not assert a new2026 publication date.³⁷

These primary pages resolve the source-access gap reported in the ChatGPT expansion notes. They support the publisher’s audience-data functions without allocating every datum to a specific vendor.^{36, 37}