Skoda MILITARY

Direct Defence Contracting & Procurement

Contracts with Israeli state bodies. Škoda’s own press release dated 31 October 2019 states that “ŠKODA was awarded the contract in 2018 to supply vehicles to various ministries as well as the army, police” and other authorities, and names Champion Motors as its dedicated Israeli importer; the release gives no contract value, vehicle count, counterparty legal entity or vehicle specification ¹.

Act record, 2018 supply contract: the release says only “ŠKODA” (the legal entity is not specified; Škoda Auto a.s. has been a wholly owned Volkswagen AG subsidiary since 2000) acting through the importer Champion Motors, with Israeli ministries, army, police and other authorities as recipients, carried on Škoda’s own press-release site, with the contract year 2018 as earliest observation and the release of 31 October 2019 as latest, and a status of unknown because no later retrieved source confirms continuation or end [pre-2020] ^{1, 2}.

Earlier government sales. Škoda’s press kit dated 6 December 2018 states that “Importer Champion Motors delivered a total of around 850 vehicles to government institutions” in 2016, including more than 700 Octavias to various ministries, more than 100 Superbs commissioned by senior police officers and other ministries, and almost 40 Superbs to ministers, supreme judges and ministerial directors; that page does not mention army contracts [pre-2020; status unknown] ³.

The same press kit states that fleet business accounts for around 50 percent of Škoda’s total sales in Israel [pre-2020; status unknown] ³.

A Škoda-brand tender win in September 2007 is reported: Škoda Auto and Audi won the Israeli government tender for cabinet ministers’ cars (Škoda Superb), each to supply 18 vehicles over four to six years, citing the Israeli daily Globes, and the report does not mention Champion Motors [pre-2020; status unknown] ⁴.

A November 2007 Radio Prague report records an Israeli cabinet minister (religious affairs) saying he would boycott the Škoda deal because the car maker is German-owned, which concerns German origin and not defence activity [pre-2020] ⁵.

Statements that the army is a customer. A Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs page dated 17 March 2020 states that Škodas are popular as taxis but are also used by the Israeli army, police and some ministries, without giving contract detail [pre-2020; status unknown] ⁶.

An e15 article dated 11 October 2023 describes the Israeli army, ministries, police and other state bodies as Škoda customers and reports that Champion Motors, Škoda’s Israeli importer and retail partner, closed all showrooms after the 7 October attack with sales stopped ⁷.

In the same article Škoda spokesperson Pavel Jína said the company has no employees in the region, is in close contact with its Israeli partners, and that Volkswagen and Škoda condemned the kidnappings and hostage-taking of civilians; the article gives no indication of how long the closure lasted ⁷.

Leasing tender for IDF personnel. A Channel 10 report dated 23 February 2025 states that an IDF leasing tender for about 10,000 vehicles over four years (rental, maintenance and management) was won by Eldan and Perry, with the models for officers and NCOs listed as Škoda Fabia, Kia Stonic, Škoda Scala and Škoda Kamiq, and distribution expected from the third quarter of 2025 to the second quarter of 2028 ⁸.

Act record, 2025 leasing tender: the acting entities named are Eldan and Perry, the recipient is the IDF, the channel is the Israeli news site Channel 10, the earliest and latest dated observation is 23 February 2025, and the status is planned or ongoing per the report but unverified; the report does not say who supplies the Škoda vehicles to the lessors or whether Champion Motors or Škoda Auto a.s. is involved, and the award was stated to be subject to the winners meeting tender requirements ⁸.

Who Profits states that the Israeli Ministry of Defense provides Volkswagen Group vehicles to permanent military staff and that three of four models in a roughly 10,000-vehicle leasing pool are Volkswagen Group models imported by Champion Motors; this is Who Profits’ characterisation on a page stating validity until 09/06/2025, and its Škoda mentions are limited to naming Škoda as a Group brand ⁹.

Other categories. No public evidence identified in the opened pages that Škoda Auto a.s. holds contracts with the Israel Prison Service, Border Police or a direct IMOD framework agreement ^{9, 1, 3}.

Defence trade directories. No public evidence identified of a SIBAT or defence-exhibition catalogue listing for Škoda Auto; none of the opened Škoda or Who Profits pages refers to one ^{9, 1}.

Press releases on defence cooperation. The only Škoda–Israel partnership release found concerns a non-defence joint venture, ŠKODA AUTO DigiLab and Champion Motors, signed on 14 December 2017 in Prague with operations due from January 2018 in Tel Aviv [pre-2020; status unknown] ¹⁰.

The Israel–Czech Chamber of Commerce and Industry published an item titled “Skoda celebrates 30 years in Israel” on 12 January 2022, which is a non-defence market-history item ¹¹.

Škoda Auto has also been exclusive partner of the Czech NATO Days military show (sixth time in September 2018, supplying 28 Superb cars for guest transport), and that page has no Israeli element [pre-2020; status unknown] ¹².

Dual-Use Products & Tactical Variants

Militarised product lines. No public evidence identified of ruggedised, tactical or mil-spec Škoda variants marketed or sold to Israeli security forces; the vehicle models named in the opened Israeli-state sources are standard passenger models (Octavia, Superb, Fabia, Scala, Kamiq) ^{8, 3}.

Civilian-to-military distinction. The opened Škoda releases describe fleet supply to government bodies without stating any contract-specific modification, so they do not distinguish between open-market vehicles and purpose-built supply ^{1, 3}.

Group attribution, not Škoda-branded. Who Profits states that MAN Truck & Bus SE, owned by the Volkswagen Group through Traton SE, supplies chassis for armoured riot-control vehicles to Israeli police and security forces, with water cannons fitted by Beit Alfa Technologies, and that two 15-ton MAN trucks were bought by police in 2018 without a tender; this is an NGO characterisation on a page valid until 09/06/2025 ¹³.

The same page states that MAN’s Israeli importer, Automotive Equipment, bid in June 2024 on a police tender for further water-cannon vehicles, and the page does not report the tender outcome ¹³.

AFSC’s Investigate profile of Volkswagen AG (valid 2 May 2023) states that Traton provides Israel with MAN vehicles that are converted into “The Skunk”, described as a crowd-control weapon, and it does not mention Škoda ¹⁴.

End-user certification and export licensing. No public evidence identified of export licence applications, end-user certificates or export-control reviews for Škoda Auto sales to Israeli defence or security end-users ^{1, 3}.

Heavy Machinery, Construction & Infrastructure

Equipment in occupied territories. No public evidence identified of Škoda Auto vehicles or machinery documented in settlement construction, separation-barrier works, demolition or military installations in the opened sources ^{9, 14}.

Who Profits and AFSC state that MAN buses supplied to Egged serve bus lines to West Bank settlements and East Jerusalem, which is Volkswagen Group (Traton/MAN) activity and not Škoda ^{14, 13}.

Direct versus indirect supply. Škoda says it sells in Israel through its dedicated importer Champion Motors, which “does not only distribute the imported cars but also handles sales to end customers” (as paraphrased in the release), and no opened source describes end-use monitoring of government fleet sales ¹.

Construction and engineering contracts. No public evidence identified of Škoda Auto contracts for checkpoints, detention facilities, military bases, the separation barrier or settlement infrastructure ^{9, 1}.

A separate rail entity, Škoda Transportation, was reported on 2 November 2012 to have passed qualification for a Tel Aviv light-rail vehicle tender (up to 150 vehicles) with no contract awarded; this is civil transit, its corporate relationship to Škoda Auto is not established in the opened sources, and it is dated [pre-2020; status unknown] ¹⁵.

Settlement nexus. No public evidence identified that Champion Motors or Škoda-branded outlets operate in settlements, the Golan Heights or East Jerusalem; the opened Who Profits Volkswagen Group page lists Settlement Enterprise as a category only through MAN buses to Egged ⁹.

Supply Chain Integration with Defence Primes

Component supply to Israeli primes. No public evidence identified of Škoda Auto supplying components, sub-systems or materials to Elbit Systems, Israel Aerospace Industries, Rafael or IMI/Elbit Land; none of the Osnabrück reports retrieved mentions Škoda or Škoda Auto a.s. ^{9, 1, 16, 17}.

Group-level joint-development lead (Volkswagen AG, not Škoda Auto). Defense News reported on 26 March 2026, citing the Financial Times, that Volkswagen was in talks with Rafael Advanced Defense Systems on converting its Osnabrück plant to make Iron Dome support components (heavy-duty transport trucks, launch units and power generators), with Rafael planning to build interceptor missiles at a separate German site and Volkswagen saying it had not finalised any agreement ¹⁸.

A dpa report dated 30 April 2026 says Rafael was seeking to take over the plant, quotes CDU member of parliament Bastian Ernst (who held a senior role at Dynamit Nobel Defence until the previous year) as saying talks were under way between Rafael and Volkswagen, says Volkswagen was “in talks with various market players”, and says Dynamit Nobel Defence (DND), described as Rafael’s German subsidiary, is expected to take over the site according to unnamed sources and the Neue Osnabrücker Zeitung, with DND not responding to a request for comment ^{19, 20}.

Letter of intent of April 2026 (Rafael and Volkswagen AG). The Reuters report of Thursday 30 April 2026, in a copy published by Yahoo, says “Rafael Advanced Defence Systems has signed a letter of intent with Volkswagen AG” for the Osnabrück plant, citing two unnamed people familiar with the matter, and says Volkswagen, Rafael and the Berlin defence ministry declined to comment; the retrieved text gives no signing date, no exclusivity term, no price and no mention of DND, so 30 April is the date of the report and not a verified signing date ²¹.

CarExpert (4 May 2026) repeats from the same Reuters report that Rafael “has signed a letter of intent regarding the purchase”, citing anonymous sources, with both companies declining to comment and without stating who received the letter ²².

Globes reported on 4 May 2026, citing Reuters and two sources, that Rafael “had already filed a letter of intent to buy” the Osnabrück plant, with no filing date, no named receiving entity and no terms given in the article; this wording (“filed”) differs from the Reuters wording (“signed … with Volkswagen AG”), and the audit records both; the article adds that a March report said the deal would apparently run through DND, that Rheinmetall had withdrawn, that Rafael did not comment, that CEO Oliver Blume said “there will be no production of weapons by Volkswagen”, and that works council chair Jürgen Flek said no decision had been made and talks were running with several companies ²³.

Börse Express (21 May 2026, an article stated to be partly AI-generated and citing only unnamed reports) says Rafael and Volkswagen signed a letter of intent at the end of April 2026 with 60-day exclusivity and a possible binding contract by the end of June 2026, and the page gives no day, signatory names or Volkswagen statement ²⁴.

Großwald, a defence-intelligence newsletter, states that Rafael Advanced Defence Systems and Volkswagen AG signed the letter on 30 April 2026 in Osnabrück with sixty-day exclusivity and confidential terms, and attributes this to Reuters and Financial Times reporting; the Reuters copy retrieved for this audit carries neither the Osnabrück signing location nor the exclusivity term, so those details rest on this single secondary source ^{25, 21}.

Großwald’s later article describes the April letter as one under which Rafael was to acquire Volkswagen Osnabrück GmbH outright, with a late-June signing target that passed without a signing, which is again a single low-reliability source ²⁶.

Fact Crescendo (25 July 2026) describes a non-binding letter of intent signed by Rafael in April 2026 that “signifies only ongoing negotiations”, and quotes a Volkswagen spokesperson, via Deutsche Welle, saying there were no concrete decisions on the site’s future direction and that weapons production remained excluded ²⁷.

Reports in the period do not mention a letter, since Reuters on 10 June 2026 says only that Rafael was interested in the plant and declined to comment while Blume expected a solution by the end of the year, and Reuters via Berliner Zeitung on 25 June 2026 says the Qatar Investment Authority was complicating Volkswagen–Rafael talks ^{28, 29}.

No public evidence was identified of the April letter itself, of a signing date, or of a Volkswagen or Rafael statement confirming that Volkswagen AG signed it; the only first-hand-style account is the Reuters report relying on two unnamed sources, and DND is not reported as a party ^{21, 23, 25}.

Letters and agreements of 7 September 2026. The Volkswagen Group press release of Monday 7 September 2026 states that Volkswagen AG, the State of Lower Saxony and Aurelius Capital (described as an international investment company headquartered in Tel Aviv) agreed key terms (Eckpunkte) for the possible sale of Volkswagen Osnabrück GmbH, with Aurelius as majority owner and Lower Saxony taking part, and that Rafael Advanced Defense Systems is planned as partner in a first anchor project for air-defence systems and components; the release names no individual signatories, does not name Rafael as buyer or as party to the key terms, does not mention the April letter, and says completion depends on final agreements, corporate body resolutions and regulatory review ¹⁶.

Börsen-Zeitung (7 September 2026, dpa-based) says Volkswagen and the State of Lower Saxony announced an Eckpunktevereinbarung on Monday and that Minister-President Olaf Lies calls the arrangement an Absichtserklärung, with Aurelius intended as majority owner of Volkswagen Osnabrück GmbH ^{30, 31}.

Globes (7 September 2026) reports that Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, the Lower Saxony state government and Aurelius Capital signed a letter of intent to acquire the Osnabrück plant to produce Iron Dome components, says the wider process also receives the support of Volkswagen without listing Volkswagen as a signatory, quotes Rafael CEO Yoav Tourgeman describing a long-term industrial partnership with manufacture entirely in Germany, does not mention an April letter, and states the headline overstates the deal; the retrieved text does not describe the letter as non-binding, which corrects an earlier reading of this article ³².

Breaking Defense (7 September 2026) reports that Lower Saxony and Aurelius signed an agreement with Rafael that day, does not list Volkswagen as a signatory, quotes Lower Saxony’s statement that the realignment is supported by Volkswagen AG, calls the structure a workaround after a direct Volkswagen–Rafael partnership appeared blocked, and does not mention a prior Rafael–Volkswagen letter ¹⁷.

The Defense Post (8 September 2026) reports that “in September, Rafael signed a joint Statement of Intent” with the Lower Saxony–Aurelius partnership, covering components for air-defence systems for Germany and Europe without naming Iron Dome in the preliminary deal, says Qatar reportedly vetoed a planned Volkswagen–Rafael venture, and cites Reuters for possible further projects including converting Amarok pick-ups into military vehicles; it names no day and no individual signatories ³³.

Streamlinefeed (7 September 2026) says Lower Saxony, Rafael and Aurelius Capital signed a letter of intent to purchase the site, describes Volkswagen as the seller and does not list it as a signatory ³⁴.

Trending Topics (8 September 2026) says “what has been signed so far is a letter of intent” with closing dependent on board approvals and regulatory clearance, says an earlier Volkswagen–Rafael partnership had stalled, and describes the defence project as a first joint venture of Aurelius, Lower Saxony and Rafael ³⁵.

Defence Matters (7 September 2026) says Volkswagen agreed a framework for the possible sale to Aurelius Capital and Lower Saxony, names no signatories of any letter of intent, and does not identify Rafael as signatory or purchaser ³⁶.

VISION mobility (dpa, 8 September 2026) says the first project is Iron Dome components with about 1,400 of 1,800 employees to have a future and job security to the end of 2029 per the works council ³⁷.

Examiner question answered: the retrieved sources support two separate documents, namely (a) a letter of intent reported by Reuters on 30 April 2026 as signed by Rafael with Volkswagen AG, with signing date and Volkswagen confirmation not public, and (b) a letter or statement of intent of 7 September 2026 signed by Rafael, the State of Lower Saxony and Aurelius Capital, with Volkswagen reported as supporting and as a party to the separate key-terms agreement with Lower Saxony and Aurelius but not as a signatory to the Rafael letter ^{21, 32, 16, 17}.

Whether the April 2026 letter remains in force, lapsed or was superseded by the September structure is not stated in any retrieved source ^{23, 16, 26}.

Act record, April 2026 Rafael letter of intent: the acting entities are Rafael Advanced Defense Systems and, per Reuters, Volkswagen AG, with DND named only as the expected taker of the site; the object is the Osnabrück plant, carried by Reuters (via Yahoo), CarExpert, Globes, Börse Express, Großwald and Fact Crescendo, earliest observation 30 April 2026 and latest 25 July 2026 in that thread, and status unknown at the research date because no primary document or later source confirms or ends it ^{21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27}.

Act record, Osnabrück/Rafael arrangement of September 2026: the acting entities are Volkswagen AG, the State of Lower Saxony, Aurelius Capital and Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, with Volkswagen Osnabrück GmbH and Iron Dome-related or air-defence component production as the object, carried by the Volkswagen Group press release and news sites, with earliest observation 26 March 2026 and latest 8 September 2026 in the retrieved sources, and a status of continuing into detailed negotiation, regulatory assessment and internal approvals per the primary release and Breaking Defense ^{18, 16, 17, 33}.

Globes reported on 27 August 2026 that Volkswagen CEO Oliver Blume confirmed for the first time that the company is in talks to save the Osnabrück plant through military production, and that article does not mention Škoda ³⁸.

Ynet reported (September 2026, exact date not shown on the retrieved page text) that the State of Lower Saxony, Rafael and Aurelius Capital signed an agreement under which Lower Saxony would invest about 200 million euros and take control of parts of the plant with Aurelius, structured to avoid a direct Volkswagen–Rafael partnership, with the first project covering components supporting Iron Dome ³⁹.

Ynet states Qatar’s sovereign wealth fund holds about 17% of Volkswagen’s voting rights and, per Bild, blocked the earlier direct proposal in July because Rafael is Israeli, which the new structure is designed to sidestep; Globes on 7 September 2026 instead states that the Qatar fund holds 10% of Volkswagen shares, and the pages use different measures ^{39, 32}.

Logistical Sustainment & Base Services

Service contracts to military installations. No public evidence identified of Škoda Auto contracts for catering, transport, fuel, waste, facilities maintenance or telecommunications at IDF bases, training facilities or detention centres ^{9, 1}.

Vehicle supply and leasing as a logistics-adjacent channel. The leasing pool described by Who Profits and the 2025 IDF leasing tender report are the only retrieved sources linking Škoda-branded models to IDF personnel vehicles, and both leave the supplier chain to Škoda Auto a.s. unconfirmed ^{9, 8}.

Geographic specificity. No public evidence identified of Škoda-related services to installations in the West Bank, Golan Heights, East Jerusalem or the Negev ^{9, 8}.

Shipping, freight and port services. No public evidence identified of Škoda Auto shipping or freight contracts servicing Israeli defence logistics or arms shipments ^{9, 1}.

Munitions, Weapons Systems & Strategic Platforms

Lethal systems, munitions and sub-systems. No public evidence identified that Škoda Auto manufactures or supplies small arms, armoured vehicles, drones, munitions, propellants, guidance or fire-control components to Israeli forces ^{9, 1, 3}.

Strategic platforms (Group-level). The Volkswagen AG–Rafael Osnabrück lead concerns launcher, generator and heavy-truck components for Iron Dome rather than missiles, is dated March to September 2026, and is described as talks, a reported letter of intent and then a letter or statement of intent structured around Lower Saxony and Aurelius rather than a Škoda contract ^{18, 39, 21, 16}.

Constructive notice. All Osnabrück reports above post-date the ICJ advisory opinion of 19 July 2024 and the November 2024 ICC warrants, and Volkswagen’s decision to end car production at the plant in 2027 is reported as the background to them; the retrieved pages do not link any of this to Škoda Auto a.s. ^{16, 31}.

Export Licensing, Regulatory & Legal History

Licence decisions, embargo compliance and legal challenges. No public evidence identified of export-licence grants, denials or revocations, embargo investigations, or court proceedings concerning Škoda Auto’s supply to Israeli military or security end-users in the opened sources ^{1, 7, 3}.

Constructive notice (post-19 July 2024 and post-November 2024). The only retrieved Škoda-branded evidence dated after those events is the 23 February 2025 report naming Škoda models in the IDF leasing tender, with supplier link unconfirmed, and no retrieved source shows a Škoda or Champion Motors response to the ICJ advisory opinion or the ICC warrants ⁸.

Regulatory review of the Osnabrück sale. The Volkswagen Group release states that completion of the Osnabrück transaction is subject to regulatory reviews, and Breaking Defense and The Defense Post say the next phase includes assessment of regulatory requirements ^{16, 17, 33}.

Shareholder-level context. Volkswagen AG’s Annual Report 2025 states that at 31 December 2025 Porsche Automobil Holding SE held 53.3% of the voting rights, the State of Lower Saxony 20.0% and Qatar Holding LLC 17.0% ⁴⁰.

Civil Society Scrutiny & Documented Investigations

NGO reports. Who Profits’ Volkswagen Group company page (valid until 09/06/2025) covers military vehicle leasing via Champion Motors, Israel Police Passat use, MAN chassis for riot-control vehicles and MAN buses to Egged, and it names Škoda only as one of the Group’s brands ⁹.

Who Profits’ separate MAN Truck & Bus SE page and AFSC’s Volkswagen AG profile (valid 2 May 2023; tags Settlement Industry and Weapons and Military Equipment) are the NGO sources on the MAN/Traton items, and neither makes a Škoda-specific military claim ^{14, 13}.

UN OHCHR settlement database and A/HRC/59/23. The OpenSanctions republication of the OHCHR database (212 entities) shows no entry for Škoda, Volkswagen or Champion Motors in the page text retrieved, but that page does not reproduce the entity list, so this is not a verified negative ⁴¹.

Boycott and divestment. No public evidence identified of an organised boycott, divestment or exclusion campaign targeting Škoda Auto over defence activities; the only boycott found is a 2007 minister’s objection to German ownership [pre-2020] ⁵.

Corporate response. The Who Profits Volkswagen Group page carries a “Company Response” heading with no response text in the retrieved content, and Škoda’s only retrieved statement is the October 2023 spokesperson comment ^{9, 7}.

Volkswagen’s statements on the Osnabrück plans are that CEO Oliver Blume said there “will be no production of weapons by Volkswagen” (reported 4 May 2026), that a spokesperson said weapons production remained excluded (reported July 2026), and that on 7 September 2026 Blume said Volkswagen stands by its responsibility for Osnabrück while the site is to develop into a security and defence competence centre ^{23, 27, 16}.

Named-entity record (searched by name; one line each).

• Volkswagen AG: parent, wholly owned Škoda Auto since 2000; Who Profits and AFSC profile it, with Škoda-specific military findings none found; reported by Reuters as signatory of the April 2026 Rafael letter, and named party to the 7 September 2026 key-terms release ^{9, 14, 2, 21, 16}.
• Porsche Automobil Holding SE: 53.3% of voting rights; searched for ownership only, no Israel-military finding retrieved ⁴⁰.
• State of Lower Saxony: 20.0% of voting rights; party to the 7 September 2026 key-terms release and, per Globes and Streamlinefeed, signatory to the Rafael/Aurelius letter of intent ^{40, 32, 34, 16}.
• Qatar Holding LLC: 17.0% of voting rights; reported by Ynet (citing Bild) and by Reuters via Berliner Zeitung to have blocked or complicated the direct Volkswagen–Rafael proposal ^{40, 39, 29}.
• Oliver Blume: Volkswagen AG CEO; confirmed talks on military production at Osnabrück on 27 August 2026 and is quoted in the 7 September 2026 release ^{38, 16}.
• Champion Motors: Škoda’s Israeli importer and DigiLab joint-venture partner; government and IDF-lease links are described above, and ownership and branch geography were not verified ^{9, 10}.
• Dan Orenstein: named as a Champion Motors signatory of the 2017 joint-venture contracts; searched by name via Champion Motors, none found on defence roles ¹⁰.
• Erez Vigodman: named as a Champion Motors signatory of the 2017 joint-venture contracts; searched by name, none found on defence roles ¹⁰.
• Yoram Turbowicz: named as a Champion Motors signatory of the 2017 joint-venture contracts; searched by name, none found on defence roles ¹⁰.
• Bernhard Maier: Škoda CEO who signed the 2017 joint-venture contracts; not separately searched on defence topics ¹⁰.
• Traton SE / MAN Truck & Bus SE: Volkswagen Group units named by Who Profits for police riot-control chassis and Egged buses ¹³.
• Rafael Advanced Defense Systems: Israeli state defence company; reported by Reuters as signatory of an April 2026 letter of intent with Volkswagen AG, reported signatory of the 7 September 2026 letter of intent with Lower Saxony and Aurelius, with no Škoda link found ^{21, 32, 16}.
• Dynamit Nobel Defence (DND): Rafael’s German subsidiary, reported by dpa and Neue Osnabrücker Zeitung as expected taker of the Osnabrück site and not named in the 7 September 2026 release; searched by name, no confirmed document naming it as a party ^{19, 16}.
• Aurelius Capital: described in the Volkswagen release as an investment company headquartered in Tel Aviv and prospective majority owner of Volkswagen Osnabrück GmbH; reported signatory of the 7 September 2026 letter of intent ^{16, 32}.
• Tomer Jacob: Aurelius managing director quoted in the 7 September 2026 release; searched by name, no other finding retrieved ¹⁶.
• Yoav Tourgeman: Rafael CEO, quoted on 7 September 2026 describing a long-term industrial partnership with manufacture entirely in Germany ^{32, 17}.