INDEX / DIRECTORY / BRITISH AIRWAYS / DIGITAL

British Airways DIGITAL

DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURE AUDIT UPDATED 2026-09-08
Digital Score 0.00 /10 D British Airways - BDS-1000 342
Digital 0.00

Evidence-only forensic audit. Scoring happens downstream - see the main dossier for the composite assessment.

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Target: British Airways plc
Parent: International Consolidated Airlines Group, S.A. (IAG)
Audit phase: Digital Audit
Date: September 2026
Scope: The research perimeter includes British Airways, its subsidiaries, parent IAG, integrated group cargo and technology businesses, major shareholders, directors and controlling principals. Actor names and operating-carrier distinctions are retained as factual identifiers; they do not exclude parent, integrated-group or principal conduct from this audit.1, 2

British Airways plc is an active UK public limited company incorporated on 13 December 1983, with its registered office at Waterside, Speedbird Way, Harmondsworth, UB7 0GB; its latest accounts are made up to 31 December 2025 and its latest confirmation statement is dated 31 July 2026.3 IAG’s 2025 accounts identify BA as a principal England-incorporated airline subsidiary.4 BA’s PSC register identifies IAG as holding 75% or more of shares and more than 25% but no more than 50% of voting rights, while LDC (NCS) Limited holds more than 50% but less than 75% of voting rights; that register does not identify LDC’s ultimate beneficial owner or explain the voting arrangement.5

Enterprise Technology Stack & Vendor Relationships

British Airways runs a predominantly Western-vendor enterprise stack, with no Israeli-origin core supplier verified in the reviewed evidence.6, 7, 8, 9, 10 In 2024, BA selected Spain-based Amadeus as a strategic technology partner, adopted the Amadeus Nevio portfolio for its Offer and Order strategy, and completed a cutover to Amadeus Network Revenue Management.6 BA has used Salesforce Sales Cloud as its core B2B CRM since 2014, consolidating global B2B sales onto that platform.7 Its customer-service transformation has involved Sabio Group’s “Intent Capture & Analysis” data strategy, and BA has stated it would use bespoke Microsoft Connected/Teams software for customer support.8, 11

BA’s IT-services relationship with Tata Consultancy Services is described as a multi-decade partnership delivered from India and UK locations.9 TCS also stated in 2021 that it had agreed with IAG Global Business Services Limited, IAG Transform’s predecessor name, to modernise business applications using cloud-native features and TCS accelerators; the disclosure identifies neither Israeli-origin technology nor delivery in Israel.12 BA payroll was processed by Zellis, whose compromise exposed BA staff data in 2023.13

IAG’s 2025 disclosures identify IAG Transform Limited, formerly IAG GBS Limited, and IAG GBS Poland sp. z o.o. as group entities providing IT, finance and procurement services, while IAG Connect Limited is the group’s inflight e-commerce platform.4, 10 IAG Transform’s reported remit covers digital transformation, customer and commercial systems, operations, MRO, back office, data and AI, integration and automation, infrastructure, cybersecurity, and centralised procurement.10 These are shared IAG functions within this audit’s group research perimeter; any source-specific uncertainty about deployment or the resulting data access is retained.4, 10

No public evidence identified of an Israeli-domiciled or Israeli-headquartered enterprise-software, cybersecurity, biometric, cloud, communications, analytics, or data vendor in BA’s own disclosed technology stack.6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 10 No public evidence identified in the reviewed sources that BA, IAG Transform, IAG Connect, or IAG GBS licensed, subscribed to, integrated, or used managed services from Check Point, Wiz, SentinelOne, CyberArk, NICE, Verint, Claroty, Palo Alto Networks, or equivalent Israeli-origin vendors.4, 10

IAG operates shared group technology functions and IAG Loyalty/AGL arrangements associated with the Avios currency underpinning BA’s loyalty programme. These integrated group activities are included; the evidence must still identify the technology, transaction or actual data relationship being examined.14, 4, 10

Surveillance, Biometrics & Retail Technology

BA was an early adopter of facial-recognition biometric boarding.15, 16 From 2017, it rolled out biometric boarding gates on US-bound services in cooperation with US Customs and Border Protection at Orlando, Los Angeles and New York, and subsequently on domestic UK departures from Heathrow Terminal 5.15, 16 BA reported hundreds of thousands of customers using biometric boarding and described domestic Terminal 5 departures as biometrically boarded.16, 17

The documented biometric boarding-gate technology was supplied by Vision-Box, a company founded in 2001 and headquartered in Oeiras, Portugal.18 Vision-Box was owned by France-based Keensight Capital and acquired by Amadeus in 2024 for an enterprise value reported at approximately €320 million.18, 19 The evidence confirms the historical deployment, but the current operational scope was not confirmed by the reviewed material.15, 16, 18

IAG’s December 2020 Hangar 51 cohort named Israel-based SecuredTouch, described as behavioural-biometrics technology for fraud detection, among selected firms in a programme involving BA and other IAG businesses.20 This establishes accelerator selection, not a BA deployment, access to BA passenger data, a paid contract, or security-sector use.20, 21

No public evidence identified of Israeli ownership, Israeli-domiciled R&D, or an Israeli defence/security supply chain behind the documented Vision-Box system.18, 19 No public evidence identified of BA using Israeli-origin facial recognition, gait analysis, behavioural monitoring, predictive policing, sentiment monitoring, workforce surveillance, or in-store/retail surveillance products in its own operations.15, 16, 18, 10, 20

Cloud Infrastructure, Data Residency & Sovereign Cloud Participation

BA is undertaking a cloud migration within a £7 billion transformation programme, with approximately £750 million earmarked for IT infrastructure and a plan to migrate around 700 systems and thousands of servers to cloud infrastructure.22, 23 BA publicly operates substantial Amazon Web Services infrastructure, with reporting of more than 1,000 AWS production accounts under management.14 BA has also run a Microsoft Copilot trial from 2025 across dozens of internal use cases.24

BA has not publicly disclosed a single primary cloud provider for the full migration, its complete cloud-vendor inventory, or the regions and sovereign-cloud partitions hosting passenger, employee, or loyalty data.23, 25 Historic reporting described Juniper Networks private-cloud infrastructure supporting ticketing, check-in and baggage tracking through UK data centres and operational sites; its current status is unknown.26 IAG Transform’s group-wide digital remit and TCS’s cloud-native transformation agreement do not identify Israeli infrastructure.10, 12

BA’s privacy policy states that it collects passenger identity, contact, payment, travel-plan, passport/travel-document, check-in and API-related data.25 It provides for sharing with IAG group companies, service providers, travel partners, regulators, and authorities where required, including API disclosures to border, customs, or security authorities and authorities in countries passengers fly to, from, over, or through.25 BA Club conditions similarly state that booking data may be disclosed to group companies, processors, partners, government/enforcement agencies, screening providers, and customs or immigration authorities on a passenger’s itinerary, and that transfers may occur outside the EEA.27 These general provisions do not identify Israel as a recipient or processing location.25, 27

BA’s Israel contact page provides Israeli-local telephone and fax details but gives a UK customer-relations address; it does not identify an Israeli data centre, processor, or BA office.28 IAG’s 2026 parliamentary evidence confirms that airlines supply API and PNR data under legal powers or directions for functions including targeting, visa/status verification and authority-to-carry decisions, but identifies no Israeli recipient, system, or contract.29

Project Nimbus is an Israeli-government cloud programme for which AWS and Google were selected public-cloud providers.30, 31 The tender states that AWS and Google won the 2020 cloud tender and would establish public-cloud regions in Israel.31 For covered government data, the tender requires content data to remain in Israel absent authorised instruction and specifies Israeli law and Israeli-court jurisdiction for protected information.31 Those terms establish conditions for the Israeli-government environment; they do not establish a BA data flow.30, 31

No public evidence identified that IAG, IAG Transform, IAG Connect, IAG GBS, TCS, or BA used an Israeli cloud region, Project Nimbus, Israeli-controlled infrastructure, Israeli data-centre capacity, or transferred BA/IAG passenger or employee data into Israeli jurisdiction.14, 4, 30, 31, 10, 25, 29, 27, 12 The evidence establishes general international transfers and itinerary-country authority disclosure only, not an Israeli recipient or processing location.25, 29, 27

Defence, Intelligence & Security Sector Technology Relationships

No public evidence identified of BA, IAG Transform, IAG Connect, IAG GBS, or TCS holding technology contracts with, or providing cloud, data, cyber, biometric, intelligence, or security services to, the Israeli Ministry of Defense, IDF, intelligence services, police, homeland-security bodies, or other Israeli security authorities.4, 30, 31, 10, 12

No public evidence identified of BA procuring or supplying cyber-intelligence, lawful-intercept, mobile-exploitation, offensive-cyber, exploit, digital-weapons, or dual-use surveillance capabilities involving Israeli state actors.32, 10 A 2017 UK Government/UK-Israel Tech Hub initiative introducing Israeli cyber firms to UK corporates named Aviva, BT, Goldman Sachs, RBS, and Visa as participants; BA was not among the named companies.32

BA’s documented biometric deployments operated in cooperation with US Customs and Border Protection, rather than an Israeli authority.15 Nimbus materials identify AWS and Google, not BA, IAG, Amadeus, TCS, Salesforce, Sabio, Vision-Box, Zellis, or Microsoft, as selected providers.30, 31 Reporting on Google–Israeli Ministry of Defense consulting and AWS/Google Nimbus services concerns those vendors and does not establish a BA relationship.33, 34

AI, Algorithmic & Autonomous Systems

BA’s £7 billion transformation includes approximately £100 million for automation, AI, and machine learning across operations from booking to baggage handling.22, 35 BA has described AI-driven business transformation and operational tooling, while its Microsoft Copilot trial included RFP automation, HR-policy agents, and email prioritisation.24, 35 BA’s customer-service AI work has involved Sabio Group.8

BA announced in February 2024 that its E-Logs platform uses real-time aircraft data for predictive-maintenance reporting and provides live performance information across a 270-aircraft fleet; BA did not identify the platform supplier or an Israeli technology connection.36 The AI/ML platforms publicly associated with BA in the reviewed evidence are Microsoft and its AWS environment.14, 24

No public evidence identified of BA using Israeli-developed AI, algorithmic targeting, autonomous-systems technology, or Israeli-origin predictive-surveillance products, or of BA contributing data or funding to Israeli AI research.8, 14, 24, 10 No public evidence identified of BA AI tools being trained on, receiving, or providing access to Israeli or occupied-territory surveillance data, intercepted communications, civilian-population datasets, autonomous tracking, target-generation systems, or weapons effects.34, 25, 29 Reporting that AWS and Google provide Project Nimbus services to Israeli military customers concerns those vendors, not BA.34

Technology Ecosystem & R&D Footprint

BA’s disclosed technology and digital-product development is centred on UK operations, including Heathrow/Harmondsworth and ba.com products, alongside India-based services partner TCS.9, 37, 3 BA’s transformation narrative refers to rebuilding ba.com and its mobile app, a BETA browser experience, and deeper personalisation, but locates this work in UK operations and existing vendor relationships rather than a named overseas innovation lab.37

IAG’s 2025 disclosures list BA Call Centre India Private Limited, BA Cityflyer, BA Euroflyer, BA European Limited, and other BA-related entities, and separately identify IAG Transform and IAG GBS Poland as IAG-level IT, finance, and procurement entities.4, 10 No Israeli-incorporated BA subsidiary, Israeli registered office, Israeli group technology entity, Israeli R&D centre, Israeli technology acquisition, patent arrangement, licence, or university co-development arrangement is identified in the reviewed Companies House and IAG materials.3, 4, 5, 10

In December 2020, IAG ran Hangar 51 in collaboration with BA, Aer Lingus, Iberia, Vueling, LEVEL, IAG Loyalty, IAG Tech, and IAG GBS.20 The programme gave selected firms ten weeks of mentoring and resources to test and validate technology for potential scale and commercialisation.20 It named Temi, an Israeli lounge customer-service robot business; SecuredTouch, an Israeli behavioural-biometrics fraud-detection business; and Gamitee, an Israeli collaborative browser plugin for social booking decisions.20 This establishes historical IAG-group, BA-linked accelerator activity, rather than procurement, production deployment, equity investment, Israeli data transfer, acquisition, Israeli R&D facility, or ongoing supplier relationship.20

IAG’s 2019 programme description stated that cohort companies could test products and present at a demo day, with an opportunity for potential investment from IAG’s digital fund; it did not state that each finalist would receive investment.21 IAG’s 2025 successor-programme release states that participation does not require equity.38 IAG’s 2025 accounts describe IAGi, formerly Hangar 51, as an innovation, incubation, and investment programme and report partnerships with 75 startups and entrepreneurs in 2024, without naming Temi, SecuredTouch, or Gamitee or reporting a BA-specific investment or production deployment involving them.10

No public evidence identified in targeted searches and retrieved IAG programme, annual-report, and follow-on materials that the BA-linked 2020 activity with Temi, SecuredTouch, or Gamitee produced a production deployment, paid contract, equity investment, Israeli data flow, or security-sector use.10, 20, 21, 38 The post-2020 status of those relationships is unknown.10, 20, 21, 38 IAG’s continuing IAGi programme and BA/IAG’s general cloud and AI activity do not establish continuation of a relationship with those 2020 Israeli cohort businesses.10, 38, 39, 40

A 2017 report that then-CEO Alex Cruz said BA was looking at Israeli startups could not be fully retrieved and did not identify a vendor, contract, licence, investment, or deployment; it remains an unresolved lead rather than evidence of a relationship.41

Companies House lists Andrew Fleming as BA company secretary and Alison Brittain, Sarah Clements, Sean Doyle, Martha Lane-Fox, and Gabriel Perdiguero de la Torre among BA’s current directors; Doyle has been a BA director since 12 October 2020, while Clements and Perdiguero de la Torre were appointed on 1 June 2026.42 IAG identifies Sean Doyle as BA Chair and Chief Executive Officer and Jorge Saco as IAG Chief Information, Procurement, Services and Innovation Officer, an IAG-level role.43 IAG identifies Javier Ferrán as Chairman and Luis Gallego as Chief Executive Officer; disclosed outside roles list Ferrán as Chairman of Casa Optima SPA and Managing Partner of Terlos LLP, and Gallego as an IATA Board of Governors and Chair Committee member.44 IAG’s 2026 board report identifies Bruno Matheu as a proprietary director representing significant shareholder Qatar Airways Group and lists his disclosed roles as Founder/President of BLM Consulting, Senior Adviser to Boston Consulting Group, and Air Transat board member.45

IAG’s 2025 prospectus states that no individual or legal entity controlled IAG for Spanish Commercial Code purposes as at 29 August 2025, and disclosed Qatar Airways Group at 24.995%, Capital Research and Management Company at 5.034%, BlackRock at 3.646%, and EuroPacific Growth Fund at 3.036%.43 IAG’s 2025 annual report records Qatar Airways Group at 24.995% and BlackRock at 3.446% at 31 December 2025.4 Qatar Airways Group’s audited accounts for the year ended 31 March 2022 state that it held 25.1% of IAG but assessed that it did not have significant influence because its board nominees acted individually, it did not participate in IAG policy-making, and competition-law constraints prevented practical significant influence; this is an accounting assessment, not a determination of IAG or BA control under UK law.46

No public evidence identified, after targeted principal-name searches and review of the available official ownership and market disclosures, of Sean Doyle, Javier Ferrán, Luis Gallego, Qatar Airways Group, or a disclosed IAG major shareholder holding a verified role or investment in an Israeli cyber, surveillance, AI, defence-tech, SIGINT, military-technology, or data company.43, 44, 47, 45, 48 This is a source-bounded public-record finding, not a definitive beneficial-ownership finding: public investment, family-office, trust, charity, fund, and indirect-vehicle records remain incomplete.43, 44, 47, 45, 48

Civil Society Scrutiny & Regulatory History

BA has a significant data-protection and cyber-incident record, but the retrieved public scrutiny does not tie these incidents to Israel.49, 50, 51, 52 In the 2018 Magecart web-skimming attack, malicious JavaScript injected into BA’s website and app diverted payment-card data; reporting describes compromised third-party supplier credentials and a Citrix-based remote-access path, and security researchers linked the incident to Magecart.49 The UK ICO initially announced an intention to fine BA £183.39 million under GDPR and later issued a £20 million penalty in October 2020.50, 51 The incident also generated UK group litigation.49

In June 2023, BA staff data was exposed through the MOVEit Transfer zero-day CVE-2023-34362, exploited by the Cl0p ransomware group against BA payroll provider Zellis, in a supply-chain campaign also affecting the BBC and Boots.13, 52 No public evidence identified of a specific forensic or incident-response firm publicly named by BA for the 2018 breach beyond generic references to external cybersecurity consultants, and no Israeli forensic, attribution, or remediation vendor was identified in connection with either incident.13, 49, 52

The supplied document-scoped full-text review found no mention of BA in UN A/HRC/59/23, the reviewed OHCHR settlement-business database update, or the specified DBIO, Who Profits, Amnesty, HRW, Al-Haq, PAX, and BDS reports; this is document-specific and not a database-wide or sector-wide absence finding.53, 54 No public evidence identified of Israeli settlement-linked digital services, an Israel-related boycott/divestment campaign concerning BA technology provision, an Israel-related digital export-control, sanctions, or regulatory case, or legal action directed at BA for Israeli technology provision, Israeli data transfers, settlement-linked digital services, or Israeli state-security technology.10, 55

On 16 March 2026, the UK National Contact Point accepted specified environmental and consumer-interest elements of a complaint concerning alleged misleading environmental representations for further consideration and offered mediation; it stated that acceptance was not a finding of non-compliance, and the matter was unrelated to Israel or technology provision.55 BA’s suspensions and resumptions of Tel Aviv services since October 2023 are commercial or security route decisions outside this digital-domain audit.56

Expanded group and named-principal source review

The current IAG board page names Javier Ferrán, Luis Gallego, Heather Ann McSharry, Eva Castillo, Margaret Ewing, Maurice Lam, Bruno Matheu, Robin Phillips, Simone Menne, Päivi Rekonen and Daniel Pinto. The supplementary operator review searched each named principal for Israel/Palestine conduct and investment leads, alongside the five current BA directors and recent finance-director changes. No additional specific Israeli defence, surveillance, economic investment or conflict-advocacy act was identified in those name-specific searches; this is a bounded search outcome, not proof about undisclosed assets.1, 57

Martha Lane-Fox’s current Parliamentary register identifies her paid-in-equity GiveWheel advice, Lakestar Resilience advice, Lucky Voice holding, SSE shares and a Schroeder fund holding. Lakestar describes a European security and strategic-capabilities mandate; the opened records identify no specific Israeli investee or Israeli state/security deployment. Javier Ferrán’s Terlos launch identifies him and an ADIA subsidiary as limited partners and a European consumer-brand focus. These are actual principal affiliations and vehicles included in the inquiry; no Israeli holding was established in the retrieved records.57, 58, 59

The foundation search located Lane-Fox’s historical Antigone Foundation, correcting the earlier research memo’s failure to locate a principal foundation. The UK Charity Commission lists it as removed; the opened accounts page shows a 2014 annual return and accounts not required, with 2011–2013 accounts receipt dates but no downloadable grant schedules exposed in the retrieved page. Just for Kids Law identifies Antigone as an early supporter. Alison Brittain chairs the King’s Trust Group Company. These facts do not establish an Israel-linked grant; full historical grant-recipient coverage was unavailable, and no current Antigone activity was established.60, 61, 62

Qatar Airways’ official appointment notice identifies Hamad Ali Al-Khater as chief executive from 7 December 2025 and Saad Sherida Al-Kaabi as chairman. They and relevant former airline leaders were searched by name; no specific Israeli military, settlement, surveillance or anti-Palestinian act was identified in this pass. IAG director Daniel Pinto is the JPMorgan executive; no reliable evidence links him to the same-name French/Netanya military-support-charity founder. The Luxembourg governance record identifies Maurice Lam’s Lam & Partners advisory business, avoiding attribution of unrelated namesake investment-agency or lighting-company results.63, 64, 65

Footnotes

  1. https://www.iairgroup.com/governance/board-of-directors/ ↩ ↩2

  2. https://www.iagcargo.com/en/trusted-to-deliver/ ↩

  3. https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/01777777 ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  4. https://www.iairgroup.com/media/vdghgv15/iag-annual-report-and-accounts-2025.pdf ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9 ↩10

  5. https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/01777777/persons-with-significant-control ↩ ↩2

  6. https://mediacentre.britishairways.com/pressrelease/details/19562 ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  7. https://www.computerweekly.com/news/252441066/British-Airways-global-B2B-sales-gathered-under-Salesforce-cloud ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  8. https://sabiogroup.com/customer-story/how-british-airways-customer-service-is-soaring-to-new-heights-through-data-driven-ai-innovation/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  9. https://www.tcs.com/what-we-do/industries/travel-and-logistics/case-study/tcs-british-airways-30-year-partnership ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  10. https://www.iairgroup.com/media/iag-annual-report-and-accounts-2025-cnmv-esef.htm ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9 ↩10 ↩11 ↩12 ↩13 ↩14 ↩15 ↩16 ↩17 ↩18 ↩19 ↩20

  11. https://www.verdict.co.uk/british-airways-undergoes-7bn-tech-transformation/ ↩

  12. https://www.tcs.com/content/dam/tcs/pdf/discover-tcs/investor-relations/corporate-actions/2021-22/financial-results-quarter-ended-dec-31-2021-recommendation-interim-dividend.pdf ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  13. https://www.techmonitor.ai/technology/cybersecurity/zellis-cyberattack-british-airways-boots-bbc ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  14. https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws-insights/2025-aws-summit-london-top-5-recommended-sessions-for-business-leaders/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  15. https://www.futuretravelexperience.com/2019/05/british-airways-continues-roll-out-biometric-boarding/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  16. https://mediacentre.britishairways.com/pressrelease/details/11003 ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  17. https://www.airlineratings.com/articles/british-airways-uses-biometrics-to-speed-boarding ↩

  18. https://www.airport-technology.com/news/amadeus-to-buy-vision-box/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  19. https://www.phocuswire.com/amadeus-acquires-vision-box-biometrics ↩ ↩2

  20. https://www.iairgroup.com/media/utinnw3g/iag20.pdf ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9

  21. https://www.iairgroup.com/press-releases/2019/iag-launches-its-latest-hangar-51-accelerator/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  22. https://www.itpro.com/business/digital-transformation/british-airways-eyes-cloud-overhaul-and-ai-deployment-in-pound7-billion-it-upgrade ↩ ↩2

  23. https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/british-airways-to-move-700-systems-to-the-cloud/ ↩ ↩2

  24. https://www.processexcellencenetwork.com/ai/news/british-airways-takes-flight-with-ai-driven-business-transformation ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  25. https://www.britishairways.com/content/information/legal/privacy-policy ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7

  26. https://www.computing.co.uk/news/2428077/british-airways-selects-juniper-networks-for-private-cloud-infrastructure ↩

  27. https://www.britishairways.com/content/the-british-airways-club/about-the-club/conditions-of-use ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  28. https://www.britishairways.com/content/en/il/information/help-and-contacts/contact-us ↩

  29. https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/146918/pdf/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  30. https://www.mr.gov.il/ilgstorefront/en/news/details/111222 ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  31. https://mr.gov.il/ilgstorefront/en/p/attachment/005056BF65EB1EDEB5C7C3681D78414A/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%99%20%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9A ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7

  32. https://www.wired-gov.net/wg/news.nsf/articles/Top+British+companies+seek+cyber+solutions+from+Israel+in+battle+against+hackers+07092017145107 ↩ ↩2

  33. https://time.com/6966102/google-contract-israel-defense-ministry-gaza-war/ ↩

  34. https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-ai-weapons-430f6f15aab420806163558732726ad9 ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  35. https://aimagazine.com/ai-strategy/british-airways-to-use-ai-in-efforts-to-improve-operations ↩ ↩2

  36. https://mediacentre.britishairways.com/pressrelease/details/18932 ↩

  37. https://mediacentre.britishairways.com/pressrelease/details/19166 ↩ ↩2

  38. https://www.iairgroup.com/press-releases/2025/calling-global-innovators-iag-opens-applications-for-iagi-accelerator-2025/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  39. https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/british-airways-to-move-700-systems-to-the-cloud/ ↩

  40. https://www.itpro.com/business/digital-transformation/british-airways-eyes-cloud-overhaul-and-ai-deployment-in-pound7-billion-it-upgrade ↩

  41. https://www.timesofisrael.com/british-airways-looking-to-israeli-startups-for-airline-tech/ ↩

  42. https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/01777777/officers ↩

  43. https://www.iairgroup.com/media/igahkaff/iag-2025-1-prospectus-final.pdf ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  44. https://www.iairgroup.com/governance/board-of-directors/luis-gallego/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  45. https://www.iairgroup.com/media/pnyorlfg/board-report-on-proposed-re-election-election-of-directors.pdf ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  46. https://www.qatarairways.com/content/dam/documents/annual-reports/2022/financial-statement-en.pdf ↩

  47. https://www.iairgroup.com/media/rgcmmbcp/iag-directors-remuneration-report-2025-1.pdf ↩ ↩2

  48. https://www.investegate.co.uk/announcement/rns/international-consolidated-airlines-group-sa-cdi---iag/director-pdmr-shareholding/8901235 ↩ ↩2

  49. https://www.huntress.com/threat-library/data-breach/british-airways-data-breach ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  50. https://edpb.europa.eu/news/national-news/2019/ico-statement-intention-fine-british-airways-ps18339m-under-gdpr-data_cs ↩ ↩2

  51. https://www.theregister.com/2020/10/16/british_airways_ico_fine_20m/ ↩ ↩2

  52. https://www.cpomagazine.com/cyber-security/bbc-british-airways-among-those-compromised-by-supply-chain-cyber-attack-on-payroll-provider/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  53. https://docs.un.org/en/A/HRC/59/23 ↩

  54. https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2025/09/un-human-rights-office-updates-database-businesses-involved-israeli ↩

  55. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/complaint-to-uk-ncp-by-possible-about-british-airways-plc/initial-assessment-a-complaint-against-british-airways-plc-by-possible-the-1010-foundation ↩ ↩2

  56. https://simpleflying.com/british-airways-pauses-tel-aviv-service-mid-june/ ↩

  57. https://members.parliament.uk/member/4275/registeredinterests ↩ ↩2

  58. https://www.lakestar.com/resilience ↩

  59. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/javier-ferran-anuncia-el-lanzamiento-de-terlos-302329104.html ↩

  60. https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/en/charity-search/-/charity-details/4032897/accounts-and-annual-returns ↩

  61. https://www.justforkidslaw.org/about-us/our-trustees-and-patrons/martha-lane-fox ↩

  62. https://kingstrustglobal.org/board-of-trustees/ ↩

  63. https://www.qatarairways.com/press-releases/en-WW/258698-qatar-airways-group-appoints-mr-hamad-ali-al-khater-as-group-chief-executive-officer/ ↩

  64. https://www.jpmorganchase.com/about/leadership/daniel-pinto ↩

  65. https://www.bil.com/en/BIL-group/the-bank/Pages/Governance.aspx ↩