INDEX / DIRECTORY / NEBIUS

Nebius

Software & Cloud 54 CITED SOURCES UPDATED 2026-09-26 METHOD V6.5
BDS-1000 Score 817 /1000 A Tier A - Extreme
Military ↗ 0.00 Digital ↗ 5.50 Economic ↗ 9.20 Political ↗ 3.50
OWNERSHIP TREE 6 brands and group businesses View all

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Key Findings

  • Economic: Nebius operates Israeli R&D activity, acquired Tavily (including its Israeli subsidiary), and was selected for a state-supported national AI-supercomputer project exceeding NIS 500 million.1, 2, 3
  • Digital: Nebius launched an AI-cloud deployment at a Modiin colocation facility with approximately 4,000 NVIDIA HGX B200 accelerators and operates the national-supercomputer infrastructure for subsidised industry and academic access.3, 4
  • Political: The Israel Innovation Authority’s public support and national-compute selection establish an institutional Israeli state relationship, though published allocations identify companies and basic-research groups rather than military users.2, 4
  • Not found: No public evidence identified of Nebius contracts with the IDF, Israeli Ministry of Defence, intelligence agencies, Project Nimbus, settlement operations, or military-targeting products.2, 5, 6

Target Profile

FieldDetail
Company NameNebius Group N.V.
JurisdictionNetherlands (Dutch public-company parent).1
HeadquartersAmsterdam, Netherlands.1
SectorAI cloud infrastructure, GPU compute, model training and inference.
OwnershipNasdaq-listed group; founder and CEO Arkady Volozh beneficially held approximately 52% of voting control as of 31 March 2026.7
Key Executives / GovernanceArkady Volozh (founder, CEO and executive director); John Boynton (chair); Ophir Nave (COO and executive director); directors Elena Bunina, Arne Grimme, Kira Radinsky, Charles Ryan and Matthew Weigand.8
Israeli-Nexus SummaryNebius has Israeli operating and R&D activity, an Israeli subsidiary, a Modiin cloud deployment, a state-supported national-supercomputer role, and acquired Tavily, which has an Israeli subsidiary.2, 3, 9

Key Facts:

Executive Summary

Nebius is an Amsterdam-headquartered AI-cloud company providing GPU compute, model training and inference infrastructure. Its documented Israel nexus is substantial in economic and digital-infrastructure terms: it maintains Israeli R&D and commercial activity, operates through Nebius Israel Ltd., deployed AI-cloud capacity in Modiin, and acquired Tavily, including Tavily’s wholly owned Israeli subsidiary.1, 3, 9, 10

The strongest documented relationship is Nebius’s selection by the Israel Innovation Authority in May 2025 to establish Israel’s national AI supercomputer. The Authority described total project investment exceeding NIS 500 million, including NIS 160 million in government support. In January 2026, it reported the infrastructure operational and opened discounted-access applications for eligible companies and basic-research groups.2, 4 The public record therefore establishes a continuing state-supported AI-infrastructure relationship, not merely a private commercial presence.

Nebius’s October 2025 announcement described an operational Modiin colocation deployment using approximately 4,000 NVIDIA HGX B200 accelerators, NVIDIA Quantum InfiniBand networking and NVIDIA AI Enterprise tools. The stated users were local startups, companies and research institutes. Nebius’s privacy documentation also establishes that personal data processed by Nebius as controller may be stored in EU and Israeli data centres, while expressly distinguishing customer data processed solely on customers’ behalf under separate processing arrangements.3, 11

The audits do not establish direct military, intelligence, policing, settlement, weapons, targeting, offensive-cyber, or Project Nimbus involvement. No public evidence identified of a Nebius contract with the Israeli Ministry of Defence, IDF, intelligence agencies, Israel Prison Service, Border Police or a defence prime; no public evidence identified of an occupied-territory facility or settlement customer. The national-supercomputer materials do not identify military users or workloads, and potential dual use is not evidence of an actual military application.2, 4, 5, 6

Under the fixed, human-vetted V6.5 framework, this evidence record produces a BRS score of 817, placing Nebius in Tier A (Extreme Complicity). The result is driven principally by the documented scale, directness and continuing nature of the company’s Israeli economic and digital-infrastructure activity - not by an unverified defence, settlement or surveillance allegation.

Timeline of Relevant Events

DateEvent
16 July 2024Nebius announced its post-divestment launch as an Amsterdam-headquartered AI-infrastructure company with R&D and commercial hubs including Israel.1
14 May 2025Israel Innovation Authority selected Nebius to establish Israel’s national AI supercomputer; the stated project investment exceeded NIS 500 million, including NIS 160 million in government support.2
20 October 2025Nebius announced its AI Cloud was live at a Modiin colocation facility, with approximately 4,000 NVIDIA HGX B200 accelerators for model training, fine-tuning and inference.3
18 January 2026Israel Innovation Authority reported the national-supercomputer infrastructure live and opened discounted-access applications for companies and basic-research groups.4
10 February 2026Nebius announced a merger agreement to acquire AlphaAI Technologies Inc., operating as Tavily; the filing stated Tavily had a wholly owned Israeli subsidiary.9
May 2026Nebius announced it would welcome Clarifai’s core team and license inference IP, expressly excluding Clarifai’s legacy US government and defence products, services, IP and commercial arrangements.12
8 September 2026Nebius and Palantir announced a prospective sovereign-AI partnership for eligible Palantir commercial customers following an integration period.13

Corporate Overview

Nebius Group N.V. is a Dutch, Nasdaq-listed AI-infrastructure group headquartered in Amsterdam. It launched under the Nebius identity in July 2024 after the division of the former Yandex N.V. business and divestment of Russian businesses.1, 7 The group describes its core business as AI cloud infrastructure for developers and enterprises, including GPU computing, model training and inference.3

The audited corporate record identifies Nebius Israel Ltd. as a principal operating subsidiary. Nebius also describes Israeli R&D and commercial hubs, while an on-site 2025 report described dozens of engineers in Tel Aviv; the exact Israeli headcount, budget and share of platform-development work are not publicly disclosed.10, 14 Nebius’s acquisition of Tavily added a controlled business whose pre-acquisition structure included a wholly owned Israeli subsidiary.9

Nebius’s Israeli cloud deployment is described as a colocation facility in Modiin. The disclosures do not establish that Nebius owns the underlying real estate, nor do they identify the location as a settlement or occupied territory. No public evidence identified of a Nebius facility, customer installation, sales office or operation in a West Bank, East Jerusalem or Golan Heights settlement.3, 6

Domain Summaries

Military: Military

Mechanism of Involvement

No public evidence identified of a Nebius contract, tender award, framework agreement or memorandum with the Israeli Ministry of Defence, IDF, intelligence agencies, Israel Prison Service or Israel Border Police.5 The verified public-sector relationship is the Israel Innovation Authority’s national-supercomputer programme, which describes general-purpose AI computing for industry, researchers and public-sector innovation rather than a military procurer or user.2, 4

Nebius markets GPU cloud, model-training and inference infrastructure. Those capabilities are potentially dual use, but no public evidence identified of a militarised, ruggedised or contract-modified product supplied to Israeli security forces, a purpose-built targeting system, or a product designed to create weapons effects.3, 5 No public evidence identified of supply to Elbit Systems, Israel Aerospace Industries, Rafael or IMI/Elbit Land.5

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

Nebius’s strongest defence is that the documented Israeli offering is civilian, general-purpose AI infrastructure for startups, companies, research institutes, and approved industry and academic applicants.3, 4 The Innovation Authority’s broader references to national defence initiatives or MAFAT-linked programme context do not establish a Nebius–MAFAT contract, military user allocation, defence-prime supply relationship or military workload.2, 5

The May 2026 Clarifai transaction expressly excluded Clarifai’s legacy US government and defence IP, products, services and commercial arrangements. Those legacy arrangements therefore cannot properly be attributed to Nebius on the basis of that transaction.12 Absence findings are bounded public-record findings, not proof that private customers or undisclosed uses cannot exist.

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Digital: Digital

Mechanism of Involvement

Nebius operates documented AI-compute infrastructure in Israel. Its October 2025 announcement stated that its AI Cloud was live at a Modiin colocation facility with approximately 4,000 NVIDIA HGX B200 accelerators, Quantum InfiniBand networking and NVIDIA AI Enterprise access. Stated uses were model training, fine-tuning and inference for local startups, companies and research institutes.3

The Israel Innovation Authority selected Nebius for the national-supercomputer programme in 2025 and reported the infrastructure operational in January 2026. Its public allocation notice described access for high-tech companies and basic-research groups. The records establish a continuing government-backed national AI-infrastructure relationship, but do not name individual users, workloads, defence users or intelligence users.2, 4

Nebius’s privacy policy establishes that personal data it processes as controller may be stored in EU and Israel data centres, with potential processing or transfer to group companies and third parties elsewhere. It does not establish that every customer dataset is stored in Israel, accessed by Israeli authorities or processed there.11

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

No public evidence identified of Nebius supplying facial recognition, biometrics, predictive policing, social-media monitoring, offensive cyber tools, surveillance systems or military targeting systems to Israeli state bodies or users in occupied territory.5, 6 No public evidence identified of Nebius as a Project Nimbus supplier.5

The September 2026 Palantir announcement was prospective and concerned eligible Palantir commercial customers following an integration period. It does not establish a completed integration, Israeli state use, military deployment or wartime transfer.13 General-purpose compute may be dual use, but public documentation reviewed does not establish a specific harmful end use.

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Economic: Economic

Mechanism of Involvement

Nebius’s economic nexus includes operating and R&D activity in Israel, a listed Israeli subsidiary, a Modiin cloud deployment, state-supported national-compute infrastructure and acquired Israeli operating capacity through Tavily.2, 3, 9, 10 The national-supercomputer project was described by the Israel Innovation Authority as exceeding NIS 500 million in total investment, including NIS 160 million in government support.2

Nebius’s July 2024 launch identified Israeli R&D and commercial hubs. In 2025, an on-site interview reported dozens of engineers in Tel Aviv and described Israeli and European engineering teams building the company’s cloud technology. The audit treats this as evidence of Israeli product-development work while retaining the limitation that exact headcount, budget and attributable development share remain undisclosed.1, 14

The February 2026 Tavily transaction created controlling ownership of a business with a wholly owned Israeli subsidiary. The transaction value, Israeli subsidiary revenue, headcount and separate operations were not publicly established in the reviewed materials.9

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

No public evidence identified of a Nebius operation, facility, customer or transaction in a West Bank, East Jerusalem or Golan Heights settlement. Nebius, Nebius Israel Ltd., Tavily/AlphaAI and Arkady Volozh were not identified in the reviewed OHCHR settlement-business materials or named specialist-company searches.6 This is a bounded documentary result, not a general clearance of all possible activity.

No public evidence identified of Israeli sovereign-bond holdings, Israel Bonds sales, settlement-company investment, Israeli war-bond underwriting, settlement-product sourcing, or a verified Israeli revenue, tax, dividend, royalty or transfer-pricing amount.6, 7 The Modiin colocation disclosure does not establish building ownership or a settlement-based downstream customer.3

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Political: Political

Mechanism of Involvement

The verified political and institutional nexus is Nebius’s selection by the Israel Innovation Authority for national AI-compute infrastructure and the associated public support programme. The Authority placed the award within the National AI Program; its published access model identifies companies and basic-research groups rather than an IDF programme or military workload.2, 4

Nebius’s public materials frame its Israeli presence in commercial, R&D and infrastructure terms. Its shareholder communications described planned support for Israeli businesses, researchers and public sectors, and its Modiin release described service to startups, companies and research institutes.3, 15

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

No public evidence identified of Nebius lobbying on Israel–Palestine policy, anti-BDS legislation, settlement policy or regional sanctions; of corporate or executive donations to the IDF, FIDF, JNF/KKL, settlement organisations or military-welfare funds; or of a Nebius sponsorship of an Israeli state public-relations campaign.8, 16 The NIS 160 million referenced in Innovation Authority materials is government support for national computing infrastructure, not a Nebius donation.2

No public evidence identified of a Nebius corporate statement specifically addressing Gaza, Palestinian civilian harm, settlements or the Israel–Palestine conflict in the reviewed releases and filings. Arkady Volozh’s 2023 condemnation of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine was personal, concerned a different conflict, and preceded Nebius’s July 2024 launch.1, 17

Named Entities and Evidence Map

BDS-1000 Score

Method: V6.5.

DomainIMPV-Domain Score
Military0.000.000.000.00
Digital5.507.009.005.50
Economic9.207.309.109.20
Political3.507.209.003.50

V_MAX is driven by the documented scale and directness of Nebius’s Israeli economic footprint: state-supported national AI infrastructure, operating cloud capacity, Israeli R&D, and controlled Israeli operating entities. The Tier reflects the fixed V6.5 calculation, using a scale-free, evidence-only and human-vetted method; it does not infer military use from general-purpose infrastructure.

Methodology Note

Footnotes

  1. https://nebius.com/newsroom/nebius-group-to-build-leading-european-ai-infrastructure-company ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9 ↩10

  2. https://innovationisrael.org.il/en/press_release/nebius-to-establish-supercomputer/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9 ↩10 ↩11 ↩12 ↩13 ↩14 ↩15 ↩16 ↩17 ↩18 ↩19

  3. https://nebius.com/newsroom/nebius-brings-nvidia-blackwell-to-israel-with-one-of-the-country-s-first-ai-infrastructure-deployments ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9 ↩10 ↩11 ↩12 ↩13 ↩14 ↩15 ↩16

  4. https://innovationisrael.org.il/en/press_release/supercomputer-access-2026/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9 ↩10 ↩11 ↩12

  5. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1513845/000155837025005991/nbis-20241231x20f.htm ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9 ↩10 ↩11

  6. https://www.un.org/unispal/document/business-database-26sep25/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7

  7. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1513845/000110465926052948/nbis-20251231x20f.htm ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  8. https://nebius.com/board-of-directors ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  9. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1513845/000110465926012492/tm265786d1_6k.htm ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7

  10. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1513845/000155837025005991/nbis-20241231xex8d1.htm ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  11. https://docs.nebius.com/legal/privacy ↩ ↩2

  12. https://nebius.com/newsroom/nebius-welcomes-clarifai-s-core-team-and-licenses-inference-ip-to-strengthen-nebius-token-factory ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  13. https://nebius.com/newsroom/palantir-and-nebius-partner-to-deliver-a-complete-sovereign-ai-stack-to-palantir-customers ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  14. https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-They-fled-Russia-to-make-a-perfect-restart-1001520287 ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  15. https://assets.nebius.com/assets/98fceb3b-2951-4647-9864-4b0654af057c/Nebius%2520-%2520Letter%2520to%2520shareholders%2520-%2520Q2%25202025.pdf%3Fcache-buster%3D2025-08-26T16%3A52%3A55.017Z ↩

  16. https://nebius.com/governance-documents ↩

  17. https://m.economictimes.com/tech/technology/yandex-co-founder-volozh-slams-russias-barbaric-invasion-of-ukraine/articleshow/102605511.cms ↩ ↩2