INDEX / DIRECTORY / META

Meta

Internet & Social MediaAI & Data 188 CITED SOURCES UPDATED 2026-07-28
BDS-1000 Score 656 /1000 B Tier B - Severe
Military ↗ 0.29 Digital ↗ 6.00 Economic ↗ 8.00 Political ↗ 6.17

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BDS-1000 Dossier: Meta Platforms, Inc.

BRS Score: 656 | Tier: B (Severe)

Key Findings

  • Economic: Meta’s advertising platform has repeatedly monetized Israel/Palestine-conflict content, including 52 paid ads for the Ariel settlement (Ramat Aderet) and 48 for Ma’ale Adumim/Efrat settlement properties (Gabai Real Estate), and roughly $2.4 million raised through 117+ ads for pro-Israel charities funding IDF equipment (thermal drones, bulletproof vests), with fundraising continuing after the ICJ’s July 19, 2024 Advisory Opinion.12
  • Political: Independent and internal documentation shows Meta complied with 94% of Israeli government takedown requests since October 7, 2023 (90,000+ posts removed, ~38.8 million further “actioned” by automated systems), while Human Rights Watch recorded 1,050 Palestine-related takedowns against 1 Israel-related takedown in the first month of the war.345
  • Digital: Meta (via WhatsApp) sued the Israeli spyware firm NSO Group over Pegasus exploitation of roughly 1,400 users, winning a Computer Fraud and Abuse Act liability ruling and a permanent injunction - a litigation posture adversarial to, not complicit with, Israel’s offensive-cyber industry.67
  • Not found: No public evidence of any contract, tender, or component-supply relationship between Meta and the Israeli Ministry of Defence, IDF, Israel Prison Service, or Israeli defence primes (Elbit Systems, IAI, Rafael); Meta does not appear in Israeli defence-export or SIBAT records and is absent from its own SEC filings on this point.18

Target Profile

FieldDetail
Company NameMeta Platforms, Inc. (formerly Facebook, Inc.)
JurisdictionDelaware, USA (state of incorporation)8
HeadquartersMenlo Park, California, USA8
SectorSocial media platforms, digital advertising, consumer hardware (VR/AR headsets, smart glasses), AI/foundational research
OwnershipNASDAQ-listed (ticker: META); dual-class share structure; Mark Zuckerberg holds approximately 57.9% of voting power via Class B shares; major passive institutional shareholders include Vanguard, BlackRock, and State Street; no Israeli state or state-linked ownership identified8
Key Executives / GovernanceMark Zuckerberg (CEO, controlling shareholder); Marc Andreessen (board member since 2008; General Partner, Andreessen Horowitz, which holds investments in multiple Israeli-founded firms including Wiz, Cyera, Orca Security)9; Guy Rosen (CISO; co-founder of Meta-acquired Onavo, founded by Unit 8200 alumni)1011; Jordana Cutler (Meta’s Israel & Jewish Diaspora Policy Chief, former Israeli government official)12; Shira Anderson (Head of AI Policy, identified as a former IDF officer)13; other named board members (Nancy Killefer, Robert Kimmitt, Tony Xu, Dana White) carry no documented Israel-linked roles
Israeli-Nexus SummaryA US-domiciled consumer technology company with no documented military-supply relationship to Israel, but with a substantial Tel Aviv/Haifa commercial and R&D footprint, a series of Israeli-founded acquisitions, and extensive, independently documented exposure through settlement-linked and IDF-fundraising advertising and asymmetric content-moderation practices affecting Palestinian users.

Key Facts:

Executive Summary

Meta Platforms is a Delaware-incorporated, California-headquartered social media, advertising, and consumer-hardware company with no defence-industrial business line. Its documented Israel nexus is almost entirely commercial and platform-governance in character: a Tel Aviv R&D office opened in 2013 (with a satellite in Haifa), a Foundational AI Research (FAIR) lab, and a string of Israeli-founded technology acquisitions (Face.com, Onavo, Snaptu, Servicefriend, PrivateCore, Invertex) that were folded into product and infrastructure teams rather than retained as standalone Israeli operating units.9101114

The strongest documented vectors sit in the economic and political domains. On the economic side, Meta’s self-serve advertising platform has been shown, through Al Jazeera and euronews investigations, to have carried paid advertisements for West Bank settlement real estate (Ariel, Ma’ale Adumim, Efrat) and fundraising campaigns - reportedly raising approximately $2.4 million - for Israeli charities purchasing military-adjacent equipment (thermal drones, generators, bulletproof vests), with some of this activity continuing after the ICJ’s July 19, 2024 Advisory Opinion on the occupation.12 On the political side, whistleblower data and Meta’s own transparency reporting show a 94% compliance rate with Israeli government takedown requests since October 7, 2023 (over 90,000 posts removed, ~38.8 million further “actioned” by automated systems), alongside independent findings from Human Rights Watch, 7amleh, and the Oversight Board of systemic asymmetries suppressing Palestinian and Arabic-language content.34516 Internal dissent - an employee letter to Zuckerberg and reported terminations of Gaza-critical staff - and a January 2025 policy rollback (ending third-party fact-checking, DEI programs, and relocating Trust & Safety) further shape this record.1718

What is not supported by the evidence is any military-supply nexus. No contract, tender, memorandum of understanding, or export licence connects Meta to the Israeli Ministry of Defence, IDF, Israel Prison Service, or Border Police; Meta does not appear in SIBAT or defence-export directories, is absent from the UN OHCHR list of 158 businesses tied to settlement activity, and its 2025 Anduril partnership is a US Army program (Soldier Borne Mission Command) with no documented Israeli deployment.1192021 Meta is also not a participant in Project Nimbus (the Google/AWS Israeli government cloud contract), and its WhatsApp subsidiary has litigated against, not for, the Israeli spyware firm NSO Group.67 Digital-domain exposure is real but indirect: a November 2025 Nebius AI-infrastructure deal (expanded to $27 billion) connects to a Nebius data-centre lease in Israel, and forensic tools from the Israeli firm Cellebrite can extract data from Meta apps absent any contractual relationship.2223

The resulting BDS-1000 score - BRS 656, Tier B (Severe) - is driven primarily by high Economic (8.00) and Political (6.17) domain scores reflecting sustained, well-documented monetization and platform-governance exposure, moderated by a mid-range Digital (6.00) score and an near-floor Military score (0.29) that reflects the near-total absence of military-supply evidence. This profile - heavy economic/political documentation paired with an essentially clean military record - distinguishes Meta from cloud and hardware majors more directly implicated in Israeli state security contracting.

Timeline of Relevant Events

DateEvent
2004Facebook, Inc. founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts; no Israeli founding history8
March 2011Snaptu (Israeli mobile app platform) acquired for ~$70 million24
June 2012Face.com (Tel Aviv facial-recognition startup) acquired for ~$60 million13
October 2013Onavo (Tel Aviv mobile analytics/VPN, founded by Unit 8200 alumni) acquired for an estimated $120–200 million1011
2013Tel Aviv R&D office established9
August 2014PrivateCore (Israeli-founded cybersecurity firm) acquired14
June 2019Invertex (Tel Aviv 3D-scanning AI firm) acquired14
September 2019Servicefriend (Israeli chatbot firm) acquired25
October 2019WhatsApp (Meta) sues NSO Group over Pegasus exploitation of ~1,400 users6
November 2021Meta discontinues facial recognition system-wide and deletes over 1 billion facial templates following a $650 million BIPA settlement13
October–November 2023HRW documents 1,050 Palestine-related content takedowns versus 1 Israel-related takedown; 7amleh documents comparable figures416
November 13, 2023Meta and TikTok reportedly directed to remove 8,000 “pro-Hamas” posts at Israeli request26
November 2023Meta employees circulate internal letter to Zuckerberg on Gaza civilian deaths and moderation bias (published externally May 2024)27
January 2024Palestinian users file suit against Meta in US federal court alleging discriminatory content moderation16
July 19, 2024ICJ Advisory Opinion declares the occupation unlawful; no Meta acknowledgement identified2
September 2024BSR Human Rights Due Diligence audit (commissioned by Meta) finds systemic content-moderation failures disproportionately affecting Arabic/Palestinian content28
September 2024Oversight Board rules Meta’s allowance of “From the River to the Sea” is protected political speech29
November 2024ICC issues arrest warrants for Netanyahu and Gallant; no Meta policy response identified2
December 2024US federal judge rules NSO Group liable under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act7
January 7, 2025Zuckerberg ends third-party fact-checking, DEI programs, and relocates Trust & Safety, with no conflict-zone carve-out identified18
February 2025Amnesty International warns Meta’s policy rollback risks fuelling mass violence and genocide30
2025 proxy seasonJLens Shareholder Proposal 8 (antisemitism/hate-content reporting) receives ~47% independent shareholder support31
March 2025Al Jazeera documents 100+ paid ads for West Bank settlements and IDF-equipment fundraisers on Meta platforms1
May 2025Jury awards $167 million in punitive damages against NSO Group7
May 2025Meta partners with Anduril Industries on the US Army’s $159M Soldier Borne Mission Command (EagleEye) programme1920
July 2025Euronews reports Meta ran ads fundraising for Israeli defence forces2
September 2025UN OHCHR settlement-activity database updated to 158 companies; Meta not identified in the listing21
October 2025Judge reduces NSO damages to $4 million but grants a permanent injunction7
November 2025Nebius signs a $3 billion (later $27 billion) AI-infrastructure deal with Meta22
2026 proxy cycleAzzad Asset Management Proposal 7 seeks a Gaza-focused human rights due-diligence report32
Early 2026Tel Aviv office temporarily closed amid regional conflict9
April 2026The New Humanitarian confirms thousands of ads for West Bank settlements running via Meta and Google33
May 2026Meta restructures Israel operations: ~90 layoffs (9–10%), ~200 employees (20%) reassigned to AI teams1534

Corporate Overview

Meta Platforms, Inc. is a US public corporation with a dual-class share structure concentrating voting control in Mark Zuckerberg (~57.9%); no golden share, state-appointed board seat, or Israeli capital control has been identified.8 Its Israeli presence runs through Meta Platforms Israel Ltd. (formerly Facebook Israel Ltd.), a registered subsidiary functioning as an R&D cost centre rather than an independent profit centre, with profits consolidating upward to the US parent.8 The subsidiary operates commercial and engineering offices in Tel Aviv (Azrieli Sarona Tower, being vacated in 2025; Landmark TLV Tower; Rothschild 22 Tower) and Haifa, employing approximately 900–1,000 people, and houses the Meta AI (FAIR) research group alongside product-engineering, AR, and Meta Israel commercial/policy staff.925 No Meta office, data centre, or operational facility has been identified within the West Bank, Gaza, or Golan Heights.35

Meta’s Israeli footprint is composed almost entirely of acquired companies integrated into global product lines rather than retained as autonomous units: Face.com’s facial-recognition technology became the basis of Facebook’s DeepFace/Tag Suggestions system (later fully discontinued in 2021); Onavo’s mobile-analytics technology (founded by Unit 8200 alumni Guy Rosen and Roi Tiger) fed Facebook’s competitive-intelligence operations before Onavo Protect was shut down in 2019 amid privacy scrutiny; Snaptu underpinned Facebook Lite; PrivateCore’s technology was integrated into Facebook’s server infrastructure; Invertex and Servicefriend were absorbed into Meta Israel R&D and Calibra/Libra customer-service functions respectively.1011131425 Meta was fined NIS 25 million by an Israeli regulator for failing to report two of these acquisitions.15 No post-2023 Israeli acquisition has been identified.

Domain Summaries

Military: Military

Mechanism of Involvement

No public evidence identifies any contract, tender, framework agreement, or MOU between Meta and the Israeli Ministry of Defence, IDF, Israel Prison Service, or Israeli Border Police.18 Meta’s only publicly documented defence-sector partnership is a May 2025 collaboration with Anduril Industries on the US Army’s $159 million Soldier Borne Mission Command programme (EagleEye AR/VR headsets) - a US military programme with no evidence of Israeli deployment.1920 The US Department of Defense has separately evaluated commercial-off-the-shelf Meta Quest headsets (32 Quest 3 units for Army testing), again with no confirmed Israeli state procurement.19 Meta’s advertising platform has hosted ads from Israeli settlement real-estate companies (Ramat Aderet, Gabai Real Estate) and from pro-Israel charities fundraising an estimated $2.4 million for military-adjacent equipment (thermal drones, generators, bulletproof vests) through 117+ ads that continued past the July 2024 ICJ opinion - an advertising-monetization pathway, not a supply-chain one.12

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

Meta is absent from Israeli defence-export directories (SIBAT), international defence-exhibition catalogues, the UN OHCHR settlement-activity database, and the US BIS Entity List; its FY2023–2024 10-K filings disclose no Israeli government defence contracts.183637 Meta does not manufacture ruggedised or mil-spec hardware variants, heavy machinery, or munitions, and no supply relationship to Elbit Systems, IAI, Rafael, or IMI has been identified.1 Peter Thiel departed Meta’s board in May 2022, and no current board member holds a documented defence-industry directorship or FIDF donation history; Chan Zuckerberg Initiative grants are focused on education, science, and community organisations with no identified Israeli military-linked recipients.1 Because no Military supply relationship has been identified at any point in the record, there is no ongoing military activity to assess for continuation after the ICJ opinion or ICC warrants.2

Named Entities and Evidence Map

EntityRelationshipEvidence Status
Israeli MoD / IDF / Prison Service / Border PoliceAlleged direct contractingNo public evidence identified18
Anduril Industries (EagleEye/SBMC)US Army partnership involving Meta hardwareConfirmed; US-only programme, no Israeli deployment documented1920
Elbit Systems / IAI / Rafael / IMIAlleged supply-chain integrationNo public evidence identified1
Ramat Aderet / Gabai Real EstateSettlement-property advertisers on Meta platformConfirmed advertising activity (100 ads)1
Vaad Hatzedaka / Chesed FundIDF-equipment fundraising via Meta adsConfirmed (~$2.4M raised, 117+ ads)2

Digital: Digital

Mechanism of Involvement

Meta’s Israel-linked digital exposure runs through acquisitions, litigation, and infrastructure partnerships rather than direct state contracting. Face.com’s facial-recognition IP was absorbed into Facebook’s DeepFace system before being fully discontinued in November 2021.13 Cellebrite, an Israeli digital-forensics firm, can extract data from devices running WhatsApp and other Meta apps despite no contractual relationship with Meta.1 A November 2025 Nebius Group AI-infrastructure deal (initially $3 billion, expanded to $27 billion over five years) connects Meta indirectly to Nebius’s separate 80MW Israeli data-centre lease (Masmiyya and Beit Shemesh, delivery from Q3 2026), though Meta’s specific workloads on Israeli-based infrastructure are not documented.2223 Board member Marc Andreessen’s a16z fund holds investments in multiple Israeli-founded cybersecurity firms (Wiz, Cyera, Orca Security, Island, Snyk), disclosed nowhere in Meta’s proxy filings as a conflict of interest.9

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

Meta’s own transparency reporting shows an 86.5% compliance rate with Israeli legal-process data requests (815 requests, 1,930 accounts, January–June 2025) - ordinary lawful process, not voluntary intelligence-sharing.16 Most significantly, Meta’s WhatsApp subsidiary sued NSO Group, an Israeli spyware vendor, over Pegasus exploitation of roughly 1,400 users; the litigation produced a December 2024 CFAA liability ruling, a May 2025 jury award of $167 million (later reduced to $4 million in October 2025), and a permanent injunction barring NSO from targeting WhatsApp users - an institutionally adversarial posture toward Israeli offensive-cyber capability.67 No public evidence identifies Meta holding licensing or integration relationships with Check Point, Wiz, SentinelOne, CyberArk, Verint, or NICE Systems, nor deploying Israeli-origin surveillance tools (AnyVision/Oosto, Trigo, BriefCam, Trax) or predictive-policing systems.1 Meta does not operate or lease data-centre infrastructure in Israel directly, and is not a Project Nimbus participant.35

Named Entities and Evidence Map

EntityRelationshipEvidence Status
Face.comAcquired 2012; facial-recognition tech, later discontinuedConfirmed13
CellebriteThird-party forensic extraction of Meta-app dataNo contractual relationship; extraction capability documented1
NSO GroupLitigation defendant (Pegasus/WhatsApp)Confirmed adversarial litigation; liability ruling and injunction67
Nebius GroupAI-infrastructure vendor with separate Israeli data-centre leaseConfirmed deal; indirect Israel infrastructure pathway2223
Andreessen Horowitz (a16z)Board member’s VC fund; Israeli cybersecurity investmentsConfirmed; no proxy disclosure of conflict9

Economic: Economic

Mechanism of Involvement

Meta’s economic nexus centres on its advertising platform’s monetization of settlement and conflict-adjacent commerce and its Israeli operational footprint. An Al Jazeera investigation (March 2025) documented 52+ ads from Ramat Aderet (promoting the Ariel settlement, financed by First International Bank of Israel) and 48 from Gabai Real Estate (Ma’ale Adumim, Efrat), and Regavim (co-founded by Israeli Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich) ran 50+ ads promoting Palestinian home demolitions.138 The New Humanitarian confirmed Google and Meta together ran over 100,000 ads for companies on the UN human-rights office’s settlement-business database.3940 Meta employs an estimated 1,000 people in Israel across Tel Aviv and Haifa, operates a FAIR AI lab there, and has made a series of Israeli-founded acquisitions (Onavo, Face.com, Snaptu, Servicefriend, PrivateCore, Invertex).9101114

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

Meta is not an agricultural, construction, or physical-goods company, and no supply relationship with Israeli agricultural exporters (Mehadrin, Hadiklaim, Agrexco successors) has been identified.1011 Meta is not listed as a primary subject company in either the UN OHCHR settlement-business database (158 companies, updated September 2025) or the “Don’t Buy Into Occupation” 2024/2025 company lists.2141 Meta holds no Israeli sovereign bonds, Israel-focused investment funds, or Israeli-company equities on its balance sheet, which consists primarily of US Treasuries; it is not a bond underwriter.8 Israel is not disclosed as a segmented revenue market in SEC filings.8 Project Nimbus, the $1.2 billion Israeli government cloud contract, involves Google and AWS exclusively - no evidence connects Meta or its Llama models to that programme.4243 Shareholder activism (JLens Proposal 8, ~47% support in 2025; Azzad Proposal 7 for 2026) reflects unresolved investor pressure rather than settled corporate policy, and Meta’s board has recommended voting against such proposals, citing existing human-rights governance mechanisms.3132

Named Entities and Evidence Map

EntityRelationshipEvidence Status
Ramat Aderet / Gabai Real EstateSettlement-property ads on Meta platformConfirmed (100 ads)1
RegavimDemolition-promotion ads on Meta platformConfirmed (50+ ads)38
Meta Platforms Israel Ltd.Israeli subsidiary; R&D cost centreConfirmed; not a profit centre; not state-owned8
Onavo / Face.com / Snaptu / Servicefriend / PrivateCore / InvertexAcquired Israeli-founded firmsConfirmed acquisitions101113142425
Google / Amazon (Project Nimbus)Comparator companies with direct Israeli government cloud contractsConfirmed for Google/AWS; no Meta participation4243

Political: Political

Mechanism of Involvement

Meta issued no standalone corporate statement on the October 7, 2023 attacks or the subsequent Gaza campaign, framing its response entirely through platform-policy language.3 Independent and whistleblower-sourced reporting shows Meta complied with 94% of Israeli government takedown requests since October 2023 (90,000+ immediate removals, ~38.8 million posts further “actioned” by automated systems, with content removed in an average of 30 seconds of an Israeli request), while Human Rights Watch and 7amleh documented 1,049–1,050 Palestine-content takedowns against a single Israel-related takedown in the first month of the war.34516 The Oversight Board found “unintentional bias… against Palestinian and Arabic-speaking users” in one 2023 case while separately ruling in September 2024 that “From the River to the Sea” is protected political speech.4429 Meta’s Israel & Jewish Diaspora Policy Chief, Jordana Cutler (a former Israeli government official), personally flagged at least four Students for Justice in Palestine Instagram posts for review.45 Internally, employees circulated a Gaza-focused letter to Zuckerberg in November 2023, and reporting alleges Meta terminated staff who raised Gaza-related moderation concerns.2746

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

Meta’s Israel-related takedown compliance is a lawful-process outcome under standard government-request frameworks rather than a bespoke political arrangement, and Israel’s own takedown requests were directed overwhelmingly at non-Israeli users (Egypt 21%, Jordan 17%, Palestine 16%; only 1.3% targeted Israeli users).3 Meta commissioned its own Human Rights Due Diligence audit (BSR, September 2024), which found systemic failures and to which Meta committed to fully or partly implementing 14 of 21 recommendations - an act of self-scrutiny rather than concealment.28 The Oversight Board’s “River to the Sea” ruling and its Al-Shifa Hospital case restoration both cut toward protecting Palestinian-side expression, not suppressing it.2944 No standalone anti-BDS lobbying pattern or Israel-specific federal lobbying issue was identified in Meta’s 2023–2024 disclosures, and its PAC contributions were distributed broadly and bipartisanly.3 No public evidence identifies Meta directing free cloud credits or logistical support to the Israeli government or IDF during the conflict.3 Countervailing this, the January 2025 policy rollback (ending fact-checking, DEI, and relocating Trust & Safety) occurred after the ICJ and ICC actions and moved toward less rather than more content-moderation protection, which UN Special Rapporteur Irene Khan and Amnesty International both criticised.184730

Named Entities and Evidence Map

EntityRelationshipEvidence Status
Jordana Cutler (Israel & Jewish Diaspora Policy Chief)Flagged SJP posts for reviewConfirmed (4+ posts)45
Human Rights Watch / 7amlehDocumented takedown asymmetryConfirmed (1,049:1 ratio)416
Oversight BoardIndependent review body; mixed rulingsConfirmed (bias finding; “River to Sea” protected speech)4429
BSR (Business for Social Responsibility)Commissioned HRDD auditorConfirmed; audit published, partial implementation28
JLens / Azzad Asset ManagementShareholder proponents (hate-content, CAHRA due diligence)Confirmed proposals; unresolved/pending3132

BDS-1000 Score (V4)

DomainIMPV-Domain Score
Military3.001.802.600.29
Digital7.006.007.006.00
Economic8.007.008.508.00
Political7.206.007.506.17

V_MAX is set by Economic (8.00), driven by high documented Impact and Proximity in settlement-linked and IDF-fundraising advertising monetization and the depth of Meta’s Israeli commercial/R&D footprint. Political (6.17) and Digital (6.00) contribute substantial secondary mass from platform-governance and litigation/infrastructure findings, while Military’s near-floor score (0.29) reflects the audit record’s near-total absence of military-supply evidence. The resulting BRS of 656 places Meta in Tier B (Severe) - a company with extensive, well-evidenced economic and political exposure but minimal direct military-industrial nexus. Scoring method: scale-free Impact × Magnitude/Proximity per domain, evidence-only and human-vetted, with the ceiling domain (V_MAX) plus a fraction of the sum of the other three domains determining the composite BRS.

Methodology Note

End Notes

Footnotes

  1. https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2025/3/31/meta-profits-as-ads-promote-illegal-israeli-settlements-in-west-bank ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9 ↩10 ↩11 ↩12 ↩13 ↩14 ↩15 ↩16 ↩17 ↩18

  2. https://www.euronews.com/next/2025/07/23/meta-ran-ads-that-fundraised-for-israeli-defence-forces-analysis-shows ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8

  3. https://www.dropsitenews.com/p/leaked-data-israeli-censorship-meta ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7

  4. https://www.hrw.org/report/2023/12/21/metas-broken-promises/systemic-censorship-palestine-content-instagram-and ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  5. https://www.projectcensored.org/meta-crackdown-posts-at-israels-request ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  6. https://www.reuters.com/technology/whatsapp-wins-right-sue-nso-group-us-court-2024-01-10 ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  7. https://www.securityweek.com/nso-ordered-to-stop-hacking-whatsapp-but-damages-cut-to-4-million ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8

  8. https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001326801&type=10-K ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9 ↩10 ↩11 ↩12 ↩13

  9. https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-andreessen-horowitz-boosting-israel-vc-investments-1001503552 ; https://www.timesofisrael.com/meta-begins-job-cuts-in-israel-as-global-layoffs-in-the-name-of-ai-mount ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9

  10. https://techcrunch.com/2013/10/13/facebook-acquires-onavo/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8

  11. https://electronicintifada.net/blogs/2018/03/facebook-acquires-israeli-spy-app ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8

  12. https://theintercept.com/2024/10/21/instagram-israel-palestine-censorship-sjp ↩ ↩2

  13. https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-18506255 ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7

  14. https://7amleh.org/2026/03/31/monetizing-occupation/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7

  15. https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-meta-fined-for-two-unreported-acquisitions-in-israel-1001467452 ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  16. https://transparency.meta.com/reports/government-data-requests/country/IL ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  17. https://www.businessinsider.com/meta-workers-write-letter-mark-zuckerberg-palestine-2024-5 ↩

  18. https://about.fb.com/news/2025/01/meta-more-speech-fewer-mistakes ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  19. https://www.technologyreview.com/2026/05/18/1137412/inside-anduril-and-metas-quest-to-make-smart-glasses-for-warfare ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  20. https://www.defensescoop.com/anduril-awarded-159m-prototype-contract-for-the-armys-soldier-borne-mission-command-program/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  21. https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2025/09/un-human-rights-office-updates-database-businesses-involved-israeli ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  22. https://www.reuters.com/technology/ai-cloud-firm-nebius-signs-3-billion-deal-with-meta-posts-more-than-four-fold-2025-11-11 ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  23. https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/nebius-signs-80mw-data-center-lease-with-mega-or-in-israel ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  24. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snaptu ↩ ↩2

  25. https://techcrunch.com/2019/09/21/facebook-servicefriend ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  26. https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2023/11/13/meta-and-tiktok-told-to-remove-8000-pro-hamas-posts-by-israel ↩

  27. https://www.businessinsider.com/meta-workers-write-letter-mark-zuckerberg-palestine-2024-5 ↩ ↩2

  28. https://humanrights.fb.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Israel-Palestine-HRDD-Implementation-update-2024.pdf ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  29. https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/social-media/metas-oversight-board-rules-use-river-sea-rcna169402 ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  30. https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/02/meta-new-policy-changes ↩ ↩2

  31. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1326801/000132680125000042/meta20250101_def14a.htm ; https://www.jlensnetwork.org/the-case-to-vote-for-proposal-8-report-on-hate-targeting-marginalized-communities-on-metas-2025-proxy-statement ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  32. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1326801/000132680126000027/meta20260101_def14a.htm ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  33. https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/investigations/2026/04/27/google-and-meta-run-thousands-ads-promoting-west-bank-settlement ↩

  34. https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/meta-israel-to-lay-off-90-employees-article-685132 ↩

  35. https://whoprofits.org/company/facebook-meta/ ↩ ↩2

  36. https://www.opensanctions.org/datasets/ps_ohchr_settlement ↩

  37. https://www.bis.doc.gov/index.php/policy-guidance/lists-of-parties-of-concern/entity-list ↩

  38. https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/meta-financially-enabling-israeli-settler-violence-against-palestinians-report ↩ ↩2

  39. https://www.aljazeera.com/investigations/meta-facebook-ads-settlements/ ↩

  40. https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2025/04/10/google-meta-ran-100000-ads-companies-israeli-settlements ↩

  41. https://dontbuyintooccupation.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/DBIO_2025_Company-List.pdf ↩

  42. https://theintercept.com/2024/04/19/google-amazon-israel-military-ai-project-nimbus/ ↩ ↩2

  43. https://time.com/6336185/project-nimbus-israel-google-amazon/ ↩ ↩2

  44. https://www.oversightboard.com/decision/ig-wuc3649n ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  45. https://theintercept.com/2024/10/21/instagram-israel-palestine-censorship-sjp ↩ ↩2

  46. https://www.businessinsider.com/meta-workers-write-letter-mark-zuckerberg-palestine-2024-5 ↩

  47. https://spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=28847 ↩