Shell Energy DIGITAL

Scope note. The name “Shell Energy” covers more than one entity in the sources reviewed. Shell Energy Retail (UK and Germany) was sold by Impello Limited, a subsidiary of Shell Petroleum Company Limited, to Octopus Energy Group; the sale was announced on 1 September 2023 and completed on 1 December 2023 ^{1, 2}. Shell Energy Australia is a subsidiary of Shell Australia and was formerly ERM Power, acquired in November 2019 ³. Group-level items below are attributed to Shell, the parent group, as the sources do. Shell plc’s FY2023 Exhibit 8.1 lists an Israeli associate, Ravin AI Ltd, which is covered under Technology Ecosystem & R&D Footprint ⁴. Research date: 3 November 2026.

Enterprise Technology Stack & Vendor Relationships

Israeli-origin vendors. No public evidence identified that Shell Energy, or its parent Shell, licenses or integrates Check Point, Wiz, SentinelOne, CyberArk, Nice, Verint, Claroty or Palo Alto Networks; the AFSC profile of Shell, for one, describes no technology involvement ^{5, 6}.

Scale of dependency. No public evidence identified of any Israeli-origin technology embedded in Shell Energy’s enterprise infrastructure ⁵.

Integrators and platforms (act record).

• Octopus Energy Group, through its proprietary Kraken platform, migrated the 1.3 million Shell Energy Retail customers from 30 January 2024, after a one-customer test just before Christmas 2023; the migration was reported complete on 28 March 2024 ⁷. The Shell Energy Retail business had been sold to Octopus: the agreement was announced on 1 September 2023, with the seller named as Impello Limited, a subsidiary of Shell Petroleum Company Limited, and completion expected in the fourth quarter of 2023 following regulatory approval ¹. Octopus announced completion on 1 December 2023 ². UK Companies House records for the former Shell Energy Retail Limited (company number 05070887) show Octopus Energy Limited recorded as a person with significant control and a change of directors effective 30 November 2023, and a change-of-name certificate issued on 4 December 2023; the company is now Octopus Energy Operations 2 Limited ^{8, 9, 10}. The channel is Octopus’s own press pages and the UK public register; the relationship has ended for Shell, which no longer owns that retail business, and none of these pages describes an Israeli component in Kraken ^{2, 7, 11, 1}.
• Energy One signed a long-term framework agreement with Shell Energy Australia on 27 March 2023 for a fully automated bidding and dispatch solution covering battery, demand response, renewable and other generation assets; the page does not describe any Israeli component, and no end date is stated, so the status is unknown ¹².
• Shell, SLB and Amazon Web Services announced a multi-year three-way collaboration on 10 October 2023 to run SLB subsurface software on AWS with the OSDU Data Platform; this is a group-level upstream workflow, not a Shell Energy retail system ¹³.
• SLB and Shell announced a strategic collaboration on 11 December 2025 on digital and AI tools for upstream operations using SLB’s Lumi data and AI platform, with no cloud provider named; this is current as of that date, and no Israeli element is described ¹⁴.

Named-entity record (searched by name, Digital topics).

• Shell plc (parent): searched against Who Profits, the OHCHR settlement database, AFSC, Oil Change International, BHRRC and Albanese-report coverage; AFSC and BHRRC record the oil-supply allegations, the AFSC profile contains no technology information, Truthout’s list of the report’s named companies does not mention Shell, and the BHRRC page on the 2025 OHCHR database update does not show Shell among the companies it names ^{5, 15, 16, 17, 6}.
• Wael Sawan (Shell CEO) and Shell’s board: searched with Israeli technology, Unit 8200, Palantir and Check Point; the pages reviewed show no equity stake, board role or personal investment by Shell’s executives or directors in Israeli surveillance, cyber or AI firms, so none is established ^{18, 19}.
• Impello Limited (seller of Shell Energy Retail, a subsidiary of Shell Petroleum Company Limited): the sources reviewed show only the sale transaction and no Israel-related technology finding ^{2, 1}.
• Shell Petroleum Company Limited (parent of Impello Limited): no Israel-related technology finding in the sources reviewed ^{2, 1}.
• Shell Australia and Shell Energy Australia (formerly ERM Power): the page reviewed contains no mention of Israel ³.
• Octopus Energy Group, Octopus Energy Limited and Kraken (acquirer and platform): searched with Shell Energy, and no Israeli element was found in the reviewed pages ^{7, 9}.
• Energy One (software supplier to Shell Energy Australia): no Israeli element is described on the announcement page ¹².
• Shell Ventures (investment arm): invested in Israeli startup Ravin.ai, detailed in the R&D section ^{18, 20, 21}.
• Ravin AI Ltd (Ramat Gan, Israel; associate listed at 36% at 31 December 2023): detailed in the R&D section ⁴.

Surveillance, Biometrics & Retail Technology

Facial recognition and biometrics. No public evidence identified that Shell Energy uses Trigo, BriefCam, AnyVision/Oosto, Trax or comparable Israeli biometric or behavioural-analytics products ⁵.

Predictive analytics and monitoring. No public evidence identified of Israeli-origin predictive policing, social-media monitoring or workforce-surveillance tools used by Shell Energy ⁵.

Computer-vision investment (not a deployment). Ravin.ai, which describes itself as a provider of automated AI vehicle inspections using mobile and CCTV cameras, was backed by Shell Ventures, and Shell plc’s FY2023 Exhibit 8.1 lists Ravin AI Ltd at 36% ^{22, 4, 23}. Ravin’s customers named on its own release include Toyota dealers and a Florida Acura dealership, and the sources describe Shell as an investor, not as a user of the product ^{22, 24, 23}. In 2019 a Shell executive said Shell would “continue to seek opportunities to work with the team to bring Ravin AI to our network of customers”, which is a statement of intent and not a documented deployment ²¹. No public evidence identified that Ravin’s product has been used by any Israeli state, military or law-enforcement body ²³.

Third-party deployment. No public evidence identified that Israeli surveillance technology reaches Shell Energy through managed services or bundled suites ⁵.

Cloud Infrastructure, Data Residency & Sovereign Cloud Participation

Data centres in Israel. No public evidence identified that Shell Energy operates, leases or co-locates data-centre infrastructure in Israel ⁵.

Government cloud contracts. No public evidence identified of Shell Energy participating in Project Nimbus or a comparable state cloud programme. A Truthout article on the 30 June 2025 UN Special Rapporteur report lists Alphabet, Amazon, HP, IBM, Microsoft and Palantir among the companies named, and does not mention Shell ¹⁶. Shell’s use of AWS for subsurface workflows (October 2023) is a customer-vendor relationship with a provider named in that coverage; it does not establish any Shell participation in Israeli government cloud contracts ^{13, 16}.

Data sovereignty services. No public evidence identified of Shell Energy offering digital-sovereignty or resilience services to Israeli state or military bodies ⁵.

Data-exposure principle. The reviewed sources do not document where Shell Energy customer data is stored or processed, apart from the migration of Shell Energy Retail customer accounts onto Octopus’s Kraken platform in 2023 to 2024, and they do not locate that platform in Israel ⁷. Ravin’s release says its inspection system runs on mobile and CCTV cameras and gives an Austin, Texas address, and it does not state where inspection images are stored or processed ²³. Whether any part of a Shell pipeline touches Israeli jurisdiction is not established in the public record reviewed.

Defence, Intelligence & Security Sector Technology Relationships

Military and intelligence contracts. No public evidence identified of a contract between Shell Energy and the Israeli Ministry of Defence, the IDF or intelligence agencies. The AFSC profile says Israeli refiners and fuel distributors Bazan, Delek, Paz and Sonol are major fuel suppliers to the Israeli military, and it does not name Shell as a direct supplier to them ^{5, 6}.

Oil-supply allegations (context; not technology provision, so outside the Digital test). The Oil Change International publication page for the August 2024 Behind the Barrel briefing states that six major international oil companies, “Chevron (8%), BP (8%) ExxonMobil (6%), Shell (5%), Eni (4%), and TotalEnergies (5%)”, are “responsible for over half of that (35%)”, where “that” is the 66% supplied by investor-owned and private oil companies; so 35% is a combined figure for the six companies, not a Shell-linked figure, and Shell’s own stated share is 5% ^{25, 26}. The page’s shipment data runs from 21 October 2023 to 12 July 2024, and the six listed shares sum to 36%, which the page does not reconcile with the 35% total ²⁵. The BHRRC reported on 20 August 2024 the same 35% combined figure and Shell at 5%, across 65 shipments from 21 October 2023 to 12 July 2024, of which 35 were after the 26 January 2024 ICJ ruling ²⁷. The AFSC profile, whose page text is marked valid as of 10 September 2025, states that Shell-produced oil accounted for about 5% of Israel’s total crude imports from October 2023 to July 2024 and was produced in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Italy, citing Oil Change International ^{5, 6}. A BHRRC page dated 10 September 2024 says Kazakh crude moves through the Caspian Pipeline Consortium, in which Shell holds a partial stake, and that a 30-kiloton cargo of Italian crude from Val d’Agri, where Shell holds 39%, made up about 1% of Israel’s total ¹⁵. Shell declined to comment and did not answer BHRRC’s questions about the ICJ ruling or the UN Guiding Principles ^{15, 27}. Later Oil Change publications do not supply a Shell figure: the 13 November 2025 update covers deliveries from November 2023 to October 2025, attributes about 70% of crude to Azerbaijan (via Turkey) and Kazakhstan (via Russia), and names no oil major on the pages reviewed, and the 3 September 2026 briefing, produced with SOMO, names the traders Vitol and Heritage Petroleum FZCO for October 2023 to June 2026, with no Shell mention in the release body ^{28, 29, 30}. The Shell-specific data therefore ends on 12 July 2024, before the 19 July 2024 ICJ advisory opinion and the November 2024 ICC warrants, and Shell’s continuation after those dates is not established by the pages reviewed ^{25, 29, 30}.

Dual-use technology and offensive cyber. No public evidence identified of Shell Energy technology being documented as deployed for Israeli military or law-enforcement surveillance, or of Shell developing or selling offensive cyber tools ⁵.

Settlement nexus. The AFSC profile says Paz, Delek and Sonol operate fuel stations across Israel including in settlements, and it does not link Shell directly to the settlements ^{5, 6}. Norway’s sovereign wealth fund sold its Paz shares because Paz owns and operates infrastructure supplying fuel to West Bank settlements; Shell is not named in that report ³¹. No public evidence identified of digital products or services provided by Shell or its licensees to settlements ^{5, 17}.

AI, Algorithmic & Autonomous Systems

AI/ML provision to Israeli state bodies. No public evidence identified that Shell Energy provides AI, machine-learning, computer-vision or decision-support systems to Israeli state, military or security bodies ⁵. Shell’s associate Ravin AI Ltd supplies computer-vision vehicle inspection, and the pages reviewed describe commercial customers in car dealing, rental and insurance and name no Israeli state customer ^{23, 32}.

Training data and model development. No public evidence identified of Shell AI models trained on Israeli or OPT civilian, intercepted or surveillance-derived data ⁵.

Autonomous systems and lethality. No public evidence identified of Shell providing autonomous targeting, automated threat detection or tracking systems to Israeli forces ⁵.

Context. Shell’s December 2025 collaboration with SLB targets agentic AI tools for upstream oil and gas technical experts, with no Israeli element stated ¹⁴.

Technology Ecosystem & R&D Footprint

Israeli R&D centres. No public evidence identified of Shell or Shell Energy operating R&D centres, labs or accelerators within Israel; a search for Shell collaboration with the Technion, Weizmann Institute or Hebrew University surfaced none ⁵. Ravin’s Series A funded expansion of its own Haifa R&D centre ²⁴.

Investments: Ravin.ai / Ravin AI Ltd (act record).

• Shell Ventures, the investment arm of Royal Dutch Shell, took part in Ravin.ai’s $4 million seed round announced 21 May 2019, led by Pico Venture Partners; Globes called it Shell Ventures’ first investment in an Israeli startup ^{18, 22}. Ravin’s own post of 23 May 2019 says Shell’s New Energies Digital Businesses arm had backed Ravin since inception ²¹. [pre-2020]
• Ravin’s technology is an AI system that checks vehicles for damage using a smartphone or CCTV camera, initially for car rental firms; the company is described as based in Haifa with a London office ^{18, 33}.
• Auto Remarketing reported on 13 August 2020 that “the venture arm of Shell Oil” was an existing investor ahead of a round led by Fraser McCombs Capital; the article does not name Shell Ventures or list Shell as a participant in that round ³⁴. [pre-2020 does not apply; older than five years]
• Shell Ventures was among the investors in Ravin’s Series A announced 16 March 2021, led by KAR Global, which Business Cloud reported as £10.7 million strategic investment and Calcalist reported would fund Ravin’s Haifa R&D centre expansion ^{24, 20}. This is older than five years.
• A Ravin press release dated 31 October 2023 lists Shell Ventures among Ravin’s investors, states that $30 million had been raised to date, and gives an Austin, Texas address ²³.
• Shell plc’s FY2023 Form 20-F Exhibit 8.1 lists Ravin AI Ltd under Israel with Shell’s ownership at 36% and a registered address in Ramat Gan at 31 December 2023; it is the only entry under the Israel heading ⁴. The acting entity within the Shell group that holds the stake is not identified in the portion of the exhibit read ⁴.
• Shell plc’s FY2024 Exhibit 8.1 (at 31 December 2024) and FY2025 Exhibit 8.1 (at 31 December 2025) show no Israel heading between Ireland / Isle of Man and Italy, and Ravin does not appear in the portions of those exhibits that were read ^{35, 36}. The FY2025 exhibit describes its contents as significant subsidiaries and other related undertakings, so omission does not by itself establish a sale ³⁶.
• No public evidence identified of the date or transaction by which Shell reduced or exited its Ravin AI holding during 2024; no acquisition, merger or Shell sale announcement for Ravin was found ^{37, 38}. An aggregator, CB Insights, lists an undisclosed-amount “Series A - II” round dated 6 June 2024 with Viola Group, and shows no exit; this is a single uncorroborated source and is cited with that reliability caveat only ³⁹.
• Reuters, via Oman Observer, reported on 26 February 2026 that Shell had begun reviewing some Shell Ventures investments and might sell stakes in a minority of companies; a Zacks note on Yahoo Finance dated 3 March 2026 repeats that Shell put a significant portion of the Shell Ventures portfolio under review, and neither names a company or mentions Ravin ^{40, 41}.
• The recipient is Ravin.ai / Ravin AI Ltd. The channels are Israeli and trade press (Globes, Calcalist, TechCrunch, tech.eu, Business Cloud, Auto Remarketing), Ravin’s own site, and Shell’s SEC filings. The earliest dated observation is 21 May 2019 and the latest dated observation of Shell as a holder is 31 December 2023. Status at the research date is unknown: the holding is not shown in the 2024 and 2025 exhibits read, and no exit is documented ^{18, 4, 35, 36, 21}.
• Constructive notice: the last dated confirmation of the holding (31 December 2023) predates the 19 July 2024 ICJ opinion and the November 2024 ICC warrants, and continuation after those dates is not established by the pages reviewed ^{4, 35}.

Shell New Energy Challenge: H2Pro. H2Pro, a Technion spin-off founded in 2019, was one of five finalists in a Royal Dutch Shell-organised competition (Technion article, 11 October 2020), and the youngest and only Israeli one ⁴². The Jerusalem Post reported on 2 January 2021 that the competition gave H2Pro the opportunity to develop a pilot; it does not mention any investment or name a Shell subsidiary ⁴³. The Technion article lists Hyundai, Sumitomo and Bazan as corporate investors in H2Pro and does not list Shell ⁴². These items are older than five years and their current status is unknown. [pre-2020 for the first announcement context; ongoing status unknown]

Patents and IP. No public evidence identified of patent portfolios or co-development agreements between Shell Energy and Israeli entities or institutions ⁴². Ravin announced a US patent for its DeepDetect vehicle-inspection technology on 31 October 2023; the release does not name Shell as a party ²³.

Civil Society Scrutiny & Regulatory History

NGO and academic reports. The AFSC Investigate profile of Shell PLC cites Oil Change International’s Behind the Barrel (2024) for the 5% estimate and describes Shell as one of the largest non-state oil suppliers to Israel; it mentions no technology involvement ^{5, 6}. Oil Change’s landing page lists four briefings (14 March 2024, 19 August 2024, 13 November 2025 and 3 September 2026), and its first briefing (14 March 2024) says its crude findings implicate the major international oil companies without giving quantities ⁴⁴. Of those, only the August 2024 briefing gives Shell-specific figures (Shell 5%; the six majors combined 35%) ^{25, 26}. The Truthout coverage of the UN Special Rapporteur’s June 2025 report lists BP and Chevron in the fossil-fuel category and does not mention Shell ¹⁶. The BHRRC reported on 26 September 2025 that the UN human rights office updated its settlement-business database to list 158 enterprises from 11 countries; the companies that page names include Bank Leumi, Bezeq, Booking.com, Egged, Israel Railways, Mekorot, Motorola Solutions Israel and Ahava, and Shell is not among them ¹⁷. That page is not the full database, so Shell’s absence from the complete list is not established ¹⁷.

Boycott and divestment. No public evidence identified of an organised boycott or divestment campaign targeting Shell’s technology provision to Israel; the reviewed pages show only the oil-supply allegations and Shell’s non-response ¹⁵.

Regulatory and legal actions. No public evidence identified of regulatory inquiries, export-control actions or sanctions investigations into Shell technology sales to Israeli state entities ⁵.

Historical item. JTA, in a report republished by the St. Louis Jewish Light, reported on 5 April 2013 that Royal Dutch Shell reportedly planned to divest its 23.1% stake in Woodside Petroleum to avoid Arab boycott risk after Woodside agreed to buy a 30% interest in Israel’s Leviathan gas field; Shell declined to comment, and the report was unconfirmed ¹⁹. An Algemeiner republication dated 4 April 2013 says Shell feared that direct or indirect investment in Israel could strain its relations with Arab nations ⁴⁵. [pre-2020] The status is unknown, and it is not a technology provision ^{19, 45}.