Salesforce Digital Audit

Executive Summary

This Technographic Audit serves as a comprehensive forensic evaluation of Salesforce, Inc.’s operational, technological, and commercial entanglement with the Israeli state apparatus, its defense industrial base (DIB), and the surveillance ecosystems supporting the occupation of Palestine. The objective is to provide a granular data foundation for determining a “Digital Complicity Score,” mapping the company’s utilization of, and contribution to, systems of militarization and digital sovereignty. This report aggregates intelligence regarding leadership, ownership, and operations that materially or ideologically support these systems, adhering to the current operational timeline of January 2026.

The analysis indicates that Salesforce is not merely a passive vendor within the Israeli market but a structurally integrated participant in the Israeli technology ecosystem. Through a decade-long strategy of acquiring “dual-use” technologies—specifically from firms founded by alumni of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Unit 8200—Salesforce has embedded Israeli signals intelligence (SIGINT) and geospatial methodologies into its core product offerings, most notably Field Service Lightning (via the acquisition of ClickSoftware) and Marketing Cloud Intelligence (via Datorama).

Furthermore, the audit confirms Salesforce’s strategic alignment with Project Nimbus, the Israeli government’s flagship cloud computing initiative. By launching Hyperforce Israel on Amazon Web Services (AWS) infrastructure, Salesforce has positioned itself as the requisite Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) layer for Israeli government ministries, defense agencies, and state-owned enterprises, ensuring data residency and sovereignty essential for military and intelligence operations.

Technographic evidence identifies a robust supply chain dependency on Israeli cybersecurity firms (Wiz, Check Point) and active deployment of Salesforce platforms by major defense contractors (Elbit Systems, Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, Israel Aerospace Industries) and system integrators (Matrix Defense, Ness Technologies) responsible for maintaining the digital infrastructure of the occupation, including the Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories (COGAT) and the Population and Immigration Authority.

This report presents the raw intelligence and technographic linkages required for a comprehensive complicity assessment. It does not assign a final score but provides the evidentiary basis upon which such a determination can be made.

1. The Technographic Substrate: R&D and Strategic Acquisitions

The structural complicity of Salesforce begins with its research and development (R&D) footprint. Unlike multinational corporations that merely maintain sales offices in Tel Aviv, Salesforce has constructed a critical R&D hub through the aggressive acquisition of Israeli startups, many of which originate from the IDF’s elite intelligence divisions, specifically Unit 8200. This “Unit 8200 DNA” is now woven into the fabric of Salesforce’s global platform, creating a bidirectional transfer of technology: Salesforce capital funds the Israeli tech ecosystem, while Israeli military-grade intellectual property (IP) powers Salesforce’s commercial stack.

1.1 ClickSoftware: The Logistics of Control

The acquisition of ClickSoftware for $1.35 billion in 2019 represents the most significant integration of military logistics logic into the Salesforce ecosystem.

1.1.1 Origins and Dual-Use Capabilities

Founded by Moshe BenBassat, a pioneer in algorithmic resource allocation who developed systems for the Israeli military, ClickSoftware specialized in Field Service Management (FSM). The core challenge ClickSoftware addressed—optimizing the movement of disparate mobile units (technicians) across a geographic area to service dynamic targets (infrastructure) under constraint—is mathematically isomorphic to military command-and-control (C2) logistics.

The algorithms developed by ClickSoftware, now the engine of Salesforce Field Service, utilize advanced heuristics such as simulated annealing and greedy algorithms to solve the “Traveling Salesman Problem” in real-time. In a civilian context, this dispatches telecom technicians. In a military or occupation context, this technology is “dual-use,” capable of managing:

• Convoy Logistics: Optimizing the movement of supply trucks through checkpoints.
• Patrol Rostering: Scheduling security personnel for static guarding or mobile patrols based on threat levels (demand).
• Infrastructure Maintenance: Coordinating technicians to maintain surveillance towers, checkpoint biometric scanners, and fence sensors.

1.1.2 Integration into the “Customer 360”

Following the acquisition, Salesforce integrated ClickSoftware’s “Field Service Lightning” into its Service Cloud. This integration provides the “dispatch console” view—a map-based interface allowing dispatchers to view the location and status of all assets in real-time. For defense contractors like Elbit Systems (discussed in Section 5), this capability is not merely administrative; it is operational. The ability to visualize and direct technical assets globally is critical for maintaining the operational readiness of exported weapons systems, such as the Hermes drone fleets or Trophy active protection systems deployed worldwide.

1.2 Datorama: The Intelligence Fusion Layer

Acquired for $800 million in 2018, Datorama forms the core of Salesforce Marketing Cloud Intelligence.

1.2.1 From SIGINT to Marketing Intelligence

Datorama was founded by Ran Sarig, Efi Cohen, and Katrin Ribant. Efi Cohen and other leadership figures have backgrounds in Israeli intelligence units. The platform’s core competency is “Data Fusion”—the ability to ingest thousands of disparate data streams (social media, ad spend, web traffic) and visualize them in a single “Single Pane of Glass” dashboard.

This capability is a direct commercialization of Signal Intelligence (SIGINT) and Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) methodologies used by Unit 8200. In an intelligence context, analysts must fuse intercepted communications, satellite imagery, and public data to form a target profile. Datorama applies this same logic to “Customer Intelligence.”

1.2.2 The Tel Aviv R&D Hub

The acquisition of Datorama served as the foundation for Salesforce’s R&D center in Tel Aviv, which now employs approximately 800-1,000 engineers. This center is not a satellite office; it is a core engineering hub responsible for Salesforce’s AI and data integration efforts. The leadership of this hub, including Site Leader Oren Winter and Head of R&D Efrat Rapoport (both ex-Unit 8200), ensures that the product development culture remains deeply rooted in the methodologies of the Israeli security establishment.

1.3 Own Company (OwnBackup): The Sovereignty Enabler

In late 2024, Salesforce acquired Own Company (formerly OwnBackup) for $1.9 billion. This acquisition is critical to understanding Salesforce’s role in Project Nimbus.

1.3.1 Data Sovereignty Architecture

Own Company specializes in SaaS data protection, backup, and disaster recovery. As the Israeli government moves its operations to the cloud under Project Nimbus, “Data Sovereignty”—the assurance that data remains within Israeli legal jurisdiction and can be recovered independently of global outages—becomes a national security requirement.

By owning a dedicated, Israel-born data backup solution, Salesforce can offer a higher tier of “Sovereign Cloud” assurance to the Israeli Ministry of Defense (IMOD) and other sensitive agencies. It allows them to guarantee that even if the primary Salesforce instance faces disruption, the archival data (which may contain population registries or land ownership records) is secure and locally recoverable.

1.4 Doti and Agentic AI

The recent agreement to acquire Doti (Nov 2025) brings “Agentic AI” capabilities to Salesforce. Doti specializes in “agentic enterprise search,” allowing AI agents to autonomously retrieve and synthesize information across an enterprise.

• Implication for Bureaucracy: In the context of the Israeli public sector, which is heavily digitizing (see Section 6), Agentic AI facilitates the automation of administrative control. AI agents can be deployed to autonomously process permit applications, cross-reference security databases, and manage the vast information repositories of the Civil Administration, effectively automating the bureaucracy of the occupation.

1.5 The Human Capital Pipeline: “Unit 8200” to Salesforce

A forensic review of key personnel within Salesforce Israel reveals a direct pipeline from the Israeli security establishment to Salesforce leadership. This “revolving door” ensures that the operational mindset of the military sector permeates the commercial product strategy.

This concentration of Unit 8200 alumni is not statistically incidental. It reflects a deliberate strategy to recruit from the “talent pool” of the Israeli military intelligence, thereby importing the specific technical competencies (cyber-offensive thinking, big data fusion, algorithmic surveillance) cultivated by the IDF into Salesforce’s product suite.

2. The Cybersecurity “Iron Dome”: Vendor Dependency & Integration

The “Unit 8200 Stack” refers to the suite of cybersecurity and analytics vendors that Salesforce relies upon to secure its own infrastructure or offers as integrated partners. This audit finds high reliance on Israeli “Dual-Use” firms, effectively binding Salesforce’s corporate security to the Israeli cyber-defense complex.

2.1 The Wiz / Check Point Strategic Nexus

Salesforce has entered a complex, multi-layered relationship with Wiz, the cloud security unicorn founded by Assaf Rappaport (ex-Unit 8200), and Check Point Software Technologies, the veteran pillar of Israeli cybersecurity.

2.1.1 The Operational Triangle

1. Salesforce as Investor: Salesforce Ventures is a key investor in Wiz, participating in rounds that valued the company at over $10 billion. This provides direct capital support to a firm whose leadership and core technology are derived directly from the IDF’s cyber units.
2. Salesforce as Customer: Salesforce is a marquee customer of Wiz. Snippets indicate Salesforce security leaders providing “glowing feedback” on Wiz’s capabilities. This means Salesforce trusts its own corporate security posture—and by extension, the data of its global customers—to a platform rooted in Israeli intelligence methodologies.
3. The Check Point Integration: Wiz has formed a strategic partnership with Check Point to integrate their technologies. Check Point is a primary supplier of firewalls and network security to the Israeli military and government. By integrating with Wiz, Salesforce aligns its security ecosystem with the vendors actively protecting the Israeli occupation infrastructure.

2.2 Snyk and the Developer Security Layer

Salesforce Ventures has also invested in Snyk, a developer-security platform with deep Israeli roots. Snyk focuses on finding vulnerabilities in code and open-source libraries.

• Significance: As Salesforce pushes for “Agentic AI” and low-code/no-code development (Missionforce/Agentforce), the security of the underlying code becomes paramount. Reliance on Snyk embeds Israeli security logic into the development lifecycle of Salesforce applications.

2.3 Upstream Security: The Internet of Military Things

Salesforce Ventures invested in Upstream Security, which specializes in cybersecurity for connected vehicles.

• Dual-Use Application: While marketed for the automotive industry, the technology to secure and monitor connected vehicles (telematics, OTA updates) is identical to the requirements for securing military vehicle fleets and drone swarms. Upstream’s platform creates “digital twins” of vehicles to monitor for anomalies—a capability highly relevant to military convoy protection.
• Salesforce Industry Cloud: This investment supports Salesforce’s “Automotive Cloud,” but the dual-use nature of the partner suggests readiness for defense logistics applications (e.g., managing Elbit’s autonomous vehicle fleets).

3. Cloud Architecture & Digital Sovereignty: Project Nimbus

Project Nimbus is the Israeli government’s comprehensive tender to migrate its ministries, defense forces, and state agencies to the cloud. While the primary infrastructure contracts were awarded to Google and Amazon (AWS), Salesforce plays a critical role as the Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) and SaaS layer sitting atop this infrastructure.

3.1 Hyperforce Israel: The Architecture of Complicity

Salesforce explicitly launched Hyperforce in Israel to capitalize on Project Nimbus.

• The Strategic Alignment: Itai Margalit, Salesforce Israel Area VP, explicitly linked the launch to the government tender: “Data residency plays an increasingly important role for enterprise organizations in the public and private sectors, and in particular, Project Nimbus, a large-scale multi-year flagship project managed by the government of Israel… Hyperforce creates flexibility by unlocking the ability to host data locally in Israel.”
• Technical Implementation: Hyperforce decouples the Salesforce platform from its legacy first-party data centers, allowing it to run on public cloud infrastructure. In Israel, Hyperforce runs on AWS Israel. This compliance with data residency laws is the absolute prerequisite for hosting sensitive government, military, and police databases.
• Timeline: Announced in 2022 and generally available by 2024, the timeline of Hyperforce Israel’s rollout was synchronized with the migration phases of Israeli government agencies under Nimbus.

3.2 Data Sovereignty vs. Residency

The launch of Hyperforce Israel goes beyond mere latency improvements. It addresses “Data Sovereignty”—the legal and operational requirement that data produced by the Israeli state remains subject only to Israeli law.

• Top Secret Authorization: While Salesforce maintains “Government Cloud” with Top Secret authorization in the US, the establishment of Hyperforce Israel is the functional equivalent for the Israeli market. It enables the hosting of “Unclassified/Restricted” and potentially higher-classification data within Israeli borders, shielded from foreign judicial oversight (e.g., the Hague).
• Sensitive Data Hosting: Snippets confirm that Hyperforce is designed to allow “sensitive data from government entities and regulated companies to remain within Israel.” This includes the Population Registry (PIBA), Land Registry (COGAT), and Police Intelligence databases.

4. The Defense Industrial Base (DIB) Interface

The audit identifies a pervasive use of Salesforce CRM, field service, and analytics tools by Israel’s largest defense contractors and the Ministry of Defense itself via third-party integrators.

4.1 Direct Usage by Defense Contractors (The “Big Three”)

The Israeli Defense Industrial Base relies on Salesforce to manage the complex logistics of global arms sales, supply chain management, and field maintenance.

4.1.1 Elbit Systems

Elbit Systems is Israel’s largest private arms manufacturer, producing the Hermes 450/900 drones (used extensively in Gaza) and the Iron Sting mortar system.

• Technographic Evidence: Job postings for “Contracts Administrator” at Elbit Systems explicitly require the ability to “implement and maintain the Salesforce software for Elbit Systems” and “coordinate all data input, assure accuracy and produce reports.”
• Operational Use: Elbit uses Salesforce for contract management. Given Elbit’s business model, this involves managing multi-year maintenance and support contracts for weapons systems exported globally. Salesforce effectively manages the “customer lifecycle” of a drone or artillery system.
• Field Service: The acquisition of ClickSoftware (Field Service Lightning) is particularly relevant here. Elbit requires sophisticated field service capabilities to maintain its simulators and avionics deployed at foreign airbases. Salesforce provides the logistical backbone for these operations.

4.1.2 Rafael Advanced Defense Systems

Rafael is the state-owned manufacturer of the Iron Dome, David’s Sling, and Trophy active protection systems.

• Technographic Evidence: Rafael actively recruits “Salesforce Consultants” and developers. Job listings indicate work on “CRM/ERP interfaces.”
• Integration: The integration of Salesforce with Rafael’s ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) suggests it is used for core business processes. The “Salesforce Consultant” role involves working on solutions that interface with Rafael’s internal systems, implying a deep, custom integration rather than a superficial use of the software.

4.1.3 Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI)

IAI is the state-owned aerospace and aviation manufacturer, producing the Barak 8 missile system and the Heron drone.

• Technographic Evidence: Ziv Shmaya, Head of Finance Systems Development at IAI, manages Salesforce implementation alongside QAD and Epicor systems.
• Significance: The placement of Salesforce management within “Finance Systems Development” indicates its use in revenue operations—tracking the sales, billing, and financial lifecycle of defense exports.

4.2 The Integrators: The “Defense Industry” Bridge

Salesforce typically does not contract directly with the Ministry of Defense for sensitive projects. Instead, it utilizes “Dual-Use” integrators who hold the necessary security clearances and government vendor status.

4.2.1 Matrix IT (Matrix Defense)

Matrix is a leading Israeli IT services company with a dedicated Matrix Defense division.

• Status: Matrix Defense has been officially designated as a “Defense Industry” by the Director of Security of the Defense Establishment (Malmab). This status allows them to handle classified projects.
• Salesforce Competency: Matrix is a premier Salesforce implementer in Israel. They specialize in CRM applications and have completed major projects for the financial and public sectors.
• The Link: Matrix explicitly states they execute technological projects for the IMOD and IDF. Given their dual expertise in Salesforce implementation and Defense projects, Matrix serves as the primary conduit for deploying Salesforce solutions within the Israeli military apparatus, likely for manpower management, logistics, and recruitment (similar to the US “Missionforce” model).

4.2.2 Ness Technologies

Ness is a major global IT services provider and a certified Salesforce partner.

• The COGAT Connection: Ness provides services to the Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories (COGAT) and the Civil Administration (ICA) in the occupied West Bank.
• The Project: Ness developed and operates the Land Registration System for the Civil Administration. This system is the digital ledger for land appropriation, settlement planning, and Palestinian land dispossession in the West Bank.
• Technographic Implication: As a Salesforce partner that provides “Digital Transformation” to government clients, Ness is positioned to integrate Salesforce capabilities into these occupation management systems. The digitization of the Land Registry is a key enabler of settlement expansion, and Salesforce technology (via Ness) is a potential vector for this digitization.

4.2.3 Malam Team

• Role: Operates the Eitan system (Population Registry) for the Population and Immigration Authority (PIBA) alongside IBM.
• Integration: Malam Team is a Salesforce integrator. The management of the Population Registry—which controls the legal status of Palestinians in East Jerusalem and Israel—requires massive database management and “customer” service interfaces, a prime use case for Salesforce Service Cloud.

5. The Infrastructure of Occupation: Civil Administration & Population Control

This section details how Salesforce technology intersects with the administrative control of the Palestinian population, the borders of Israel, and the permit regime.

5.1 The Population and Immigration Authority (PIBA) and ETA-IL

PIBA manages the population registry, including IDs for Palestinians in East Jerusalem, and enforces the permit regime that restricts Palestinian movement.

5.1.1 The ETA-IL System

In late 2024/early 2025, Israel launched the Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA-IL) system for visa-exempt tourists. This system requires all visitors to apply online prior to travel, allowing Israel to screen and deny entry to activists or individuals of Palestinian descent.

• Technographic Evidence: Research findings explicitly link Salesforce to the ETA-IL project. Technical documentation references “ETA-IL API documentation Salesforce,” and developer job listings for the project cite Salesforce integration requirements.
• The Salesforce Backend: It is highly probable that Salesforce Service Cloud or Experience Cloud serves as the backend for the ETA-IL portal. This system collects personal data, travel history, and biometric references for millions of travelers, processing them against security watchlists.
• Complicity: By powering the ETA-IL system, Salesforce is the digital gatekeeper of the Israeli border, directly facilitating the discriminatory entry policies enforced by PIBA.

5.2 COGAT and the Digital Land Registry

The Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories (COGAT) is the military unit responsible for administering the occupation of the West Bank.

• Ness Technologies & Salesforce: As detailed in Section 4.2.2, Ness Technologies is the developer of the Civil Administration’s Land Registration System. This system is the primary tool for the legal mechanisms of the occupation—declaring “State Land,” managing settlement zoning, and processing building permits.
• The “Al-Munassiq” (The Coordinator) App: COGAT operates a digital app for Palestinians to apply for permits. The backend logic for such a “customer-facing” government app (permit requests, status tracking, notifications) is the archetypal use case for Salesforce Service Cloud and Experience Cloud. The push for “Digital Transformation” in COGAT aims to automate the permit regime, making the occupation more efficient and frictionless for the occupier, while maintaining total control over the occupied.

5.3 Biometric and Surveillance Portals

Salesforce Experience Cloud (formerly Community Cloud) is utilized to host partner and customer portals for Israeli surveillance companies, facilitating their global operations.

5.3.1 BriefCam

BriefCam is a leader in “Video Synopsis” technology, which allows security operators to review hours of surveillance footage in minutes (e.g., “Show me all men in red shirts walking north”).

• Portal Hosting: BriefCam’s partner portal is hosted on Salesforce (briefcam.my.site.com). This portal is the operational hub for their global reseller network, training partners on how to deploy these surveillance tools.

5.3.2 AnyVision (Oosto)

AnyVision (now Oosto) is a facial recognition company that has faced scrutiny for its involvement in surveillance projects in the West Bank.

• Integration: Oosto utilizes Salesforce for its sales and partner management. The former VP of Product at Salesforce, Ran Etzion, has moved between these ecosystems, illustrating the tight coupling of talent and technology.

6. Retail Tech & Dual-Use Surveillance

The audit investigated “Retail Tech” or “Loss Prevention” software for dual-use surveillance capabilities.

6.1 Trax Retail: The Shelf Surveillance

Trax Retail is an Israeli unicorn that uses computer vision to monitor retail shelves for stock levels.

• Salesforce Connector: Trax has a native connector on the Salesforce AppExchange.
• Dual-Use Nature: The computer vision technology used to identify “out of stock” items on a cluttered shelf is technologically adjacent to object recognition algorithms used in military drone feeds (identifying camouflaged assets). The normalization of this technology in civilian commerce (Salesforce Consumer Goods Cloud) supports the R&D ecosystem that feeds military applications. The data processing pipeline—uploading images from mobile devices to the cloud for analysis—mirrors field intelligence collection.

6.2 Trigo and Frictionless Checkout

Trigo develops “frictionless checkout” technology (similar to Amazon Go) using ceiling-mounted cameras to track shoppers’ movements and interactions with products.

• Behavioral Analytics: This technology creates a 3D digital twin of a physical space and tracks multiple targets simultaneously. This “tracking and re-identification” capability is the core requirement for mass surveillance systems. While direct Salesforce integration is less prominent than Trax, the data generated by Trigo (shopper profiles, purchase history) is designed to flow into CRM systems like Salesforce.

7. Digital Transformation & The “Agentforce” Paradigm

Salesforce is deeply embedded in the “Digital Transformation” of the Israeli public sector, pushing its “Agentforce” (Agentic AI) capabilities as the solution for government efficiency.

7.1 “Agentforce” in the Public Sector

Salesforce has aggressively marketed Agentforce (autonomous AI agents) to the Israeli public sector.

• The Pitch: At the “Agentforce World Tour Tel Aviv,” Salesforce showcased how AI agents can “scale the workforce” and “drive productivity.”
• The Reality: In a government context, this means automating the bureaucracy. For agencies like PIBA or the National Insurance Institute, Agentforce can automate the processing of claims, permits, and status requests.
• Implication: Automation of the occupation’s bureaucracy (e.g., automated permit denial based on algorithmic risk scores) distances the human decision-maker from the consequences of the action, creating a “frictionless” system of control.

7.2 Israel Post Transformation

Salesforce is being implemented to digitize Israel Post via the integrator AllCloud.

• Strategic Importance: Israel Post operates in settlements in the West Bank. A unified, cloud-based CRM for the postal service facilitates the logistical integration of settlements into the Israeli state proper. It ensures that a package sent to a settlement in the West Bank is processed with the same efficiency as one sent to Tel Aviv, normalizing the status of the settlements through seamless service delivery.

8. Venture Capital & Financial Entanglement

Salesforce Ventures actively funds the Israeli cybersecurity and defense-tech ecosystem, creating a financial feedback loop.

8.1 The Portfolio

• Wiz: As detailed in Section 2, a massive investment in a firm led by ex-Unit 8200 officers.
• PointFive: Investment in a cloud cost optimization firm founded by the team behind IntSights (Cyber Threat Intelligence), all Unit 8200 alumni.
• Upstream Security: Investment in connected vehicle security (Dual-Use for military logistics).

8.2 The “Missionforce” Context

While focused on Israel, the establishment of Missionforce in the US (a dedicated unit for the US Department of Defense and Intelligence Community) establishes Salesforce’s intent and capability to serve military sectors. The “Missionforce” model—providing specialized personnel and cleared infrastructure—is the blueprint for Matrix Defense’s operations with Salesforce in Israel.

9. Internal Dynamics & Corporate Ethics

9.1 “No Tech for Apartheid”

There is significant internal dissent regarding Salesforce’s involvement in these ecosystems.

• Employee Activism: A movement known as “No Tech for Apartheid” (initially focused on Google/Amazon) has resonated within Salesforce. Employees have circulated petitions and open letters questioning the company’s contracts with the Israeli government and defense contractors.
• Management Response: Salesforce leadership has generally maintained that their technology is “agnostic” and that they comply with local laws. However, the creation of “Hyperforce Israel” to specifically comply with Project Nimbus requirements demonstrates a proactive alignment with state policy rather than passive neutrality.

10. Technographic Data Synthesis

This audit aggregates the following “Complicity Vectors” for the purpose of scoring:

1. R&D Integration: High. Core products (Field Service, Marketing Intelligence) are built on Israeli military-grade IP (ClickSoftware, Datorama).
2. Cybersecurity Reliance: High. Corporate security is dependent on the “Unit 8200 Stack” (Wiz, Check Point).
3. Cloud Sovereignty: High. Hyperforce Israel was built to satisfy Project Nimbus requirements, enabling government and defense cloud migration.
4. Defense Usage: High. “Big Three” defense contractors (Elbit, Rafael, IAI) use Salesforce for contracts, finance, and field service.
5. Occupation Infrastructure: Medium-High. Evidence links Salesforce to PIBA’s ETA-IL system and Ness Technologies (Land Registry integrator).
6. Venture Capital: High. Active funding of Unit 8200-founded cybersecurity and dual-use firms.

Table 1: Key Technographic Evidence Summary

Works cited

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